查看php安装模块的方法：首先进入命令窗口；然后输入命令“php -m”并执行；最后查看php已安装的模块即可。

推荐：《PHP视频教程》

Ubuntu 查看php已安装扩展及相关软件包

查看php已安装扩展

$ php -m
[PHP Modules]
bcmath
bz2
calendar
Core
ctype
curl
date
dom
exif
fileinfo
filter
ftp
gd
gettext
hash
iconv
igbinary
json
libxml
mbstring
memcached
msgpack
openssl
pcntl
pcre
PDO
pdo_pgsql
pgsql
Phar
posix
readline
redis
Reflection
session
shmop
SimpleXML
sockets
sodium
SPL
standard
sysvmsg
sysvsem
sysvshm
tokenizer
wddx
xml
xmlreader
xmlwriter
xsl
Zend OPcache
zip
zlib
[Zend Modules]
Zend OPcache

查看安装php相关软件包：

$dpkg -l | grep 'php'
ii libapache2-mod-php7.2 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (Apache 2 module)
ii php 1:7.2+60ubuntu1 all server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (default)
ii php-auth-sasl 1.0.6-3 all Abstraction of various SASL mechanism responses
ii php-cli-prompt 1.0.3+dfsg-1 all tiny helper prompting for user input
ii php-common 1:60ubuntu1 all Common files for PHP packages
ii php-composer-ca-bundle 1.1.0-1 all utility library to find a path to the system CA bundle
ii php-composer-semver 1.4.2-1 all utilities, version constraint parsing and validation
ii php-composer-spdx-licenses 1.3.0-1 all SPDX licenses list and validation library
ii php-igbinary 2.0.5-1build1 amd igbinary PHP serializer
ii php-json-schema 5.2.6-1 all implementation of JSON schema
ii php-mail 1.3.0-1 all Class that provides multiple interfaces for sending emails
ii php-memcached 3.0.1+2.2.0-1build2 amd memcached extension module for PHP, uses libmemcached
ii php-msgpack 2.0.2+0.5.7-2build1 amd PHP extension for interfacing with MessagePack
ii php-net-smtp 1.8.0-1 all PHP PEAR module implementing SMTP protocol
ii php-net-socket 1.0.14-2 all Network Socket Interface
ii php-pear 1:1.10.5+submodules+notgz-1ubuntu1.18.04.1 all PEAR Base System
ii php-psr-log 1.0.2-1 all common interface for logging libraries
ii php-redis 3.1.6-1build1 amd PHP extension for interfacing with Redis
ii php-symfony-console 3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1 all run tasks from the command line
ii php-symfony-debug 3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1 all tools to make debugging of PHP code easier
ii php-symfony-filesystem 3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1 all basic filesystem utilities
ii php-symfony-finder 3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1 all find files and directories
ii php-symfony-polyfill-mbstring 1.6.0-2 all Symfony polyfill for the Mbstring extension
ii php-symfony-process 3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1 all execute commands in sub-processes
ii php7.2 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 all server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
ii php7.2-bcmath 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd Bcmath module for PHP
ii php7.2-bz2 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd bzip2 module for PHP
ii php7.2-cli 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
ii php7.2-common 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd documentation, examples and common module for PHP
ii php7.2-curl 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd CURL module for PHP
ii php7.2-fpm 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
ii php7.2-gd 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd GD module for PHP
ii php7.2-json 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd JSON module for PHP
ii php7.2-mbstring 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd MBSTRING module for PHP
ii php7.2-opcache 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd Zend OpCache module for PHP
ii php7.2-pgsql 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd PostgreSQL module for PHP
ii php7.2-readline 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd readline module for PHP
ii php7.2-xml 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd DOM, SimpleXML, WDDX, XML, and XSL module for PHP
ii php7.2-xsl 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 all XSL module for PHP (dummy)
ii php7.2-zip 7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd Zip module for PHP