thrift采用接口描述语言定义和创建服务，用二进制格式传输数据，体积更小、效率更高，对于高并发、数据量大和多语言的环境有更好的支持。

Apache Thrift是啥？

Apache Thrift是FaceBook开发的一套可扩展的、跨语言的服务调用框架。简单的说就是先定义一个配置文件，不同的语言可以利用thrift基于这个配置文件生成各自语言的服务端，不管客户端用什么语言，都可以调用，也就是说基于thrift协议用java可以调用php的服务。目前支持C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, OCaml and Delphi等语言之间相互调用。

相对于传统的xml和json等数据传输方式来说，thrift采用接口描述语言定义和创建服务，用二进制格式传输数据，体积更小、效率更高，对于高并发、数据量大和多语言的环境有更好的支持。

thrift安装环境要求

如果没安装lex和yacc的话要先安装，否则会make失败,提示lex和yacc command not found错误（一般的机器貌似都没安，Ubuntu用apt-get install flex bision即可）。

安装thrift

下载最新版thrift：

wget http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/thrift/0.9.3/thrift-0.9.3.tar.gz
tar xvf thrift-0.9.3.tar.gz
cd thrift-0.9.3

2.创建configure文件

// 创建./configure文件
./bootstrap.sh
// 配置并安装
./configure
make
// 检测是否有问题，如果机子没有安装python和java等可能会报错，不过本文主要讲php，安了php环境就行
make check
make install

编译选项

thrift for php安装环境要求

php使用thrift的时候，除了要将thrift/lib/php/lib里的基础文件copy到项目目录下，还需要将根据配置文件生成的php文件也copy到packages文件夹下，并引入到项目中，这个后续会详细讲。

类库说明

数据传输格式（protocol）

定义的了传输内容，对Thrift Type的打包解包，包括：

数据传输方式（transport）

定义了如何发送（write）和接收（read）数据，包括：

开发流程

1、定义IDL（Interface description language）接口描述文件，后缀.thrift

IDL规范：http://thrift.apache.org/docs/idl

thrift types：http://thrift.apache.org/docs/types

2、服务端代码开发

3、客户端编写接入代码

IDL：
1.tutorial.thrift

include "shared.thrift"
namespace php tutorial
typedef i32 MyInteger
const i32 INT32CONSTANT = 9853
const map<string,string> MAPCONSTANT = {'hello':'world', 'goodnight':'moon'}
enum Operation {
 ADD = 1,
 SUBTRACT = 2,
 MULTIPLY = 3,
 DIVIDE = 4
}
struct Work {
 1: i32 num1 = 0,
 2: i32 num2,
 3: Operation op,
 4: optional string comment,
}
exception InvalidOperation {
 1: i32 whatOp,
 2: string why
}
service Calculator extends shared.SharedService {
 void ping(),
 i32 add(1:i32 num1, 2:i32 num2),
 i32 calculate(1:i32 logid, 2:Work w) throws (1:InvalidOperation ouch),
 oneway void zip()
}

2.shared.thrift

namespace php shared
struct SharedStruct {
 1: i32 key
 2: string value
}
service SharedService {
 SharedStruct getStruct(1: i32 key)
}

php服务端

<?php
namespace tutorialphp;
ini_set('display_errors',1);
error_reporting(E_ALL);
// 引入类自动加载文件
require_once __DIR__.'/../../lib/php/lib/Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader.php';
// 载入自动加载类
use ThriftClassLoaderThriftClassLoader;
// 定义根据.thrift文件生成的php文件
$GEN_DIR = realpath(dirname(__FILE__).'/..').'/gen-php';
// 注册thrift服务
$loader = new ThriftClassLoader();
$loader->registerNamespace('Thrift', __DIR__ . '/../../lib/php/lib');
$loader->registerDefinition('shared', $GEN_DIR);
$loader->registerDefinition('tutorial', $GEN_DIR);
$loader->register();
if (php_sapi_name() == 'cli') {
 ini_set("display_errors", "stderr");
}
use ThriftProtocolTBinaryProtocol; // 二进制格式打包解包
use ThriftTransportTPhpStream; // php流输入输出
use ThriftTransportTBufferedTransport; // 使用缓存
// 开始服务端逻辑
class CalculatorHandler implements 	utorialCalculatorIf {
 protected $log = array();
 public function ping() {
 error_log("ping()");
 }
 // 相加
 public function add($num1, $num2) {
 error_log("add({$num1}, {$num2})");
 return $num1 + $num2;
 }
 // 枚举计算类型
 public function calculate($logid, 	utorialWork $w) {
 error_log("calculate({$logid}, {{$w->op}, {$w->num1}, {$w->num2}})");
 switch ($w->op) {
 case 	utorialOperation::ADD:
 $val = $w->num1 + $w->num2;
 break;
 case 	utorialOperation::SUBTRACT:
 $val = $w->num1 - $w->num2;
 break;
 case 	utorialOperation::MULTIPLY:
 $val = $w->num1 * $w->num2;
 break;
 case 	utorialOperation::DIVIDE:
 if ($w->num2 == 0) {
 $io = new 	utorialInvalidOperation();
 $io->whatOp = $w->op;
 $io->why = "Cannot divide by 0";
 throw $io;
 }
 $val = $w->num1 / $w->num2;
 break;
 default:
 $io = new 	utorialInvalidOperation();
 $io->whatOp = $w->op;
 $io->why = "Invalid Operation";
 throw $io;
 }
 $log = new sharedSharedStruct();
 $log->key = $logid;
 $log->value = (string)$val;
 $this->log[$logid] = $log;
 return $val;
 }
 public function getStruct($key) {
 error_log("getStruct({$key})");
 // This actually doesn't work because the PHP interpreter is
 // restarted for every request.
 //return $this->log[$key];
 return new sharedSharedStruct(array("key" => $key, "value" => "PHP is stateless!"));
 }
 public function zip() {
 error_log("zip()");
 }
};
header('Content-Type', 'application/x-thrift');
if (php_sapi_name() == 'cli') {
 echo "
";
}
$handler = new CalculatorHandler();
$processor = new 	utorialCalculatorProcessor($handler);
// 客户端和服务端在同一个输入输出流上
//1) cli 方式：php Client.php | php Server.php 
//2) cgi 方式：利用Apache或nginx监听http请求，调用php-fpm处理，将请求转换为PHP标准输入输出流
$transport = new TBufferedTransport(new TPhpStream(TPhpStream::MODE_R | TPhpStream::MODE_W));
$protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport, true, true);
$transport->open();
$processor->process($protocol, $protocol);
$transport->close();
//作为cli方式运行，非阻塞方式监听，基于libevent实现，非官方实现
//$transportFactory = new TBufferedTransportFactory();
//$protocolFactory = new TBinaryProtocolFactory(true, true);
//$transport = new TNonblockingServerSocket('localhost', 9090);
//$server = new TNonblockingServer($processor, $transport, $transportFactory, $transportFactory, $protocolFactory, $protocolFactory);
//$server->serve();
//作为cli方式运行，监听端口，官方实现
//$transportFactory = new TBufferedTransportFactory();
//$protocolFactory = new TBinaryProtocolFactory(true, true);
//$transport = new TServerSocket('localhost', 9090);
//$server = new TSimpleServer($processor, $transport, $transportFactory, $transportFactory, $protocolFactory, $protocolFactory);
//$server->serve();

php客户端

<?php
namespace tutorialphp;
error_reporting(E_ALL);
require_once __DIR__.'/../../lib/php/lib/Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader.php';
use ThriftClassLoaderThriftClassLoader;
$GEN_DIR = realpath(dirname(__FILE__).'/..').'/gen-php';
$loader = new ThriftClassLoader();
$loader->registerNamespace('Thrift', __DIR__ . '/../../lib/php/lib');
$loader->registerDefinition('shared', $GEN_DIR);
$loader->registerDefinition('tutorial', $GEN_DIR);
$loader->register();
use ThriftProtocolTBinaryProtocol;
use ThriftTransportTSocket;
use ThriftTransportTHttpClient;
use ThriftTransportTBufferedTransport;
use ThriftExceptionTException;
// 以上配置跟服务端类似
try {
 if (array_search('--http', $argv)) {
 // 使用http方式连接
 $socket = new THttpClient('localhost', 8080, '/php/PhpServer.php');
 } else {
 // 使用socket连接
 $socket = new TSocket('localhost', 9090);
 }
 $transport = new TBufferedTransport($socket, 1024, 1024);
 $protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport);
 $client = new 	utorialCalculatorClient($protocol);
 $transport->open();
 $client->ping();
 print "ping()
";
 $sum = $client->add(1,1);
 print "1+1=$sum
";
 // 调试异常情况
 $work = new 	utorialWork();
 $work->op = 	utorialOperation::DIVIDE;
 $work->num1 = 1;
 $work->num2 = 0;
 try {
 $client->calculate(1, $work);
 print "Whoa! We can divide by zero?
";
 } catch (	utorialInvalidOperation $io) {
 print "InvalidOperation: $io->why
";
 }
 $work->op = 	utorialOperation::SUBTRACT;
 $work->num1 = 15;
 $work->num2 = 10;
 $diff = $client->calculate(1, $work);
 print "15-10=$diff
";
 $log = $client->getStruct(1);
 print "Log: $log->value
";
 $transport->close();
} catch (TException $tx) {
 print 'TException: '.$tx->getMessage()."
";
}

输出：

// php client.php --http
ping()
1+1=2
InvalidOperation: Cannot divide by 0
15-10=5
Log: PHP is stateless!