推荐：《mysql视频教程》

继续昨天的问题，数据库配置好后，查询表发现中文乱码了，看了网上的几个方法也没解决。
感觉是导入的sql文件问题，那么逆向的思考，用命令创建个数据库，添加些数据，然后导出来看看什么情况。
向表内插入数据的时候发现报错：
ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xE6\xB5\x8B\xE8\xAF\x95' for column 'bookname' at row 1

这就奇怪了，查看表结构：
show create table book;

看到了一个不想看到的编码格式latin1,果断改掉，通过命令：alter table book default character set utf8;
改完看到一个神清气爽的结果，表的编码改过来了，但还存在一个“什么鬼？”，字段有个乱码latin1 ：

果断再改，通过命令：alter table book change bookname bookname varchar(32) character set utf8;
改完后也不看了，直接插数据试试：

insert into book
(id,bookname,size,price)
values
(1,"测试",2,3)
;

插入成功，查看数据是不是还中文乱码，发现并不乱码了：

那么开始进行下一步，导出sql文件，进入到mysql的bin目录下，开始通过命令导出，这个过程需要输入密码

E:\mysql-5.7.28-winx\bin>mysqldump -u root -p test > test.sql
Enter password: *******

导出的文件，表的编码格式utf8，与之前导入文件的比较并看不出什么问题。
那么，就是之前导入文件的过程，创建数据库的过程除了问题，查看之前导入的mydb.sql 的mydb数据库结构，果然不对：

mysql> use mydb;
Database changed
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_database';
+------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------+--------+
| character_set_database | latin1 |
+------------------------+--------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

遂修改之：alert database mydb character set utf8;
然后再查看表的编码，发现有鬼：

mysql> show create table sp_user_cart;
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| sp_user_cart | CREATE TABLE `sp_user_cart` (
 `cart_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '涓婚敭',
 `user_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '瀛﹀憳id',
 `cart_info` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci COMMENT '璐?墿杞﹁?鎯呬俊鎭?紝浜岀淮鏁扮粍搴忓垪鍖栦俊鎭',
 `created_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 `updated_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 `delete_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`cart_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=22 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

utf8mb4_unicode_ci 这个东西是怎么出来的...
然后改了编码，查询，还是不对，想起来之前创建数据库，可能是忘记设置编码，导入的东西本来就乱码了，也或者是my.ini配置不对，从头开始用正确流程试试吧。

先查看数据库的编码设置:show variables like 'character%';
发现很混乱：

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | gbk |
| character_set_connection | gbk |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | gbk |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | D:\mysql-5.7.29-winx\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+

开始改，通过一系列的set
set character_set_client = utf8;
得到结果

+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | utf8 |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | D:\mysql-5.7.29-winx\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+

创建数据库并制定编码：CREATE DATABASE test2 CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
使用：use test2
在导入数据库文件之前，制定编码set names utf8;
导入：source F:xxxx\xxxx\mydb.sql;
不算漫长的等待之后，查询，不乱码了

mysql> select * from sp_role;
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------+--------------------+
| role_id | role_name | ps_ids
 | ps_ca
 | role_desc |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------+--------------------+
| 30 | 主管 | 101,0,104,116,115,142,143,144,121,122,123,149,102,107,109,103,111,129,130,134,135,138,139,14
0,141,112,147,125,110,131,132,133,136,137,145,146,148 | Goods-index,Goods-tianjia,Category-index,Order-showlist,Brand-in
dex | 技术负责人 |
| 31 | 测试角色 | 101,0,104,105,116,117,115,142,143,144,121,122,123,149,103,111,129,134,138,112,147
 | Goods-showlist,Goods-tianjia,Category-showlist,Order-showlist,Or
der-dayin,Order-tianjia | 测试角色描述 |
| 34 | 测试角色2 | 0,105,116,142,143,122
 | NULL
 | 测试描述12 |
| 39 | 大发送到 | 101,0,104,105,116
 | NULL
 | 阿斯蒂芬 |
| 40 | test | 102,0,107,109,154,155,145,146,148
 | NULL

实战项目可以继续进行，遂生法喜。