先了解一下IIS系统。它是一个程序，负责对网站的内容进行管理并且处理对客户的请求做出反应。当用户对一个页面提出请求时，IIS做如下反应（不考虑权限问题）：
1.把对方请求的虚拟路径转换成物理路径
2.根据物理路径搜索请求的文件
3.找到文件后，获取文件的内容
4.生成Http头信息。
5.向客户端发送所有的文件内容：首先是头信息，然后是Html内容，最后是其它文件的内容。
6.客户端IE浏览器获得信息后，解析文件内容，找出其中的引用文件，如.js .css .gif等，向IIS请求这些文件。
7.IIS获取请求后，发送文件内容。
8.当浏览器获取所有内容后，生成内容界面，客户就看到图像/文本/其它内容了。
但是IIS本身是不支持动态页面的，也就是说它仅仅支持静态html页面的内容，对于如.asp，.aspx，.cgi，.php等，IIS并不会处理这些标记，它就会把它当作文本，丝毫不做处理发送到客户端。为了解决这个问题。IIS有一种机制，叫做ISAPI的筛选器，这个东西是一个标准组件(COM组件)，当在在访问IIS所不能处理的文件时，如asp.net 1.1 中的IIS附加ISAPI筛选器如图：
Asp.net 服务在注册到IIS的时候，会把每个扩展可以处理的文件扩展名注册到IIS里面(如：*.ascx、*.aspx等)。扩展启动后，就根据定义好的方式来处理IIS所不能处理的文件，然后把控制权跳转到专门处理代码的进程中。让这个进程开始处理代码，生成标准的HTML代码，生成后把这些代码加入到原有的 Html中，最后把完整的Html返回给IIS，IIS再把内容发送到客户端。
有上面对ISAPI的简单描述，我们把HttpModule& HttpHandler分开讨论，并且结合CS进行具体的实现分析。
HttpModule：
HttpModule实现了ISAPI Filter的功能，是通过对IhttpModule接口的继承来处理。下面打开CS中的CommunityServerComponents项目下的CSHttpModule.cs文件（放在HttpModule目录）
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright company="Telligent Systems">
// Copyright (c) Telligent Systems Corporation. All rights reserved.
// </copyright>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Web;
using CommunityServer.Components;
using CommunityServer.Configuration;
namespace CommunityServer
{
// *********************************************************************
// CSHttpModule
//
/**//// <summary>
/// This HttpModule encapsulates all the forums related events that occur
/// during ASP.NET application start-up, errors, and end request.
/// </summary>
// ***********************************************************************/
public class CSHttpModule : IHttpModule
{
Member variables and inherited properties / methods#region Member variables and inherited properties / methods
public String ModuleName
{
get { return "CSHttpModule"; }
}
// *********************************************************************
// ForumsHttpModule
//
/**//// <summary>
/// Initializes the HttpModule and performs the wireup of all application
/// events.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="application">Application the module is being run for</param>
public void Init(HttpApplication application)
{
// Wire-up application events
//
application.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(this.Application_BeginRequest);
application.AuthenticateRequest += new EventHandler(Application_AuthenticateRequest);
application.Error += new EventHandler(this.Application_OnError);
application.AuthorizeRequest += new EventHandler(this.Application_AuthorizeRequest);
//settingsID = SiteSettingsManager.GetSiteSettings(application.Context).SettingsID;
Jobs.Instance().Start();
//CSException ex = new CSException(CSExceptionType.ApplicationStart, "Appication Started " + AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName);
//ex.Log();
}
//int settingsID;
public void Dispose()
{
//CSException ex = new CSException(CSExceptionType.ApplicationStop, "Application Stopping " + AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName);
//ex.Log(settingsID);
Jobs.Instance().Stop();
}
Installer#region Installer
#endregion
#endregion
Application OnError#region Application OnError
private void Application_OnError (Object source, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)source;
HttpContext context = application.Context;
CSException csException = context.Server.GetLastError() as CSException;
if(csException == null)
csException = context.Server.GetLastError().GetBaseException() as CSException;
try
{
if (csException != null)
{
switch (csException.ExceptionType)
{
case CSExceptionType.UserInvalidCredentials:
case CSExceptionType.AccessDenied:
case CSExceptionType.AdministrationAccessDenied:
case CSExceptionType.ModerateAccessDenied:
case CSExceptionType.PostDeleteAccessDenied:
case CSExceptionType.PostProblem:
case CSExceptionType.UserAccountBanned:
case CSExceptionType.ResourceNotFound:
case CSExceptionType.UserUnknownLoginError:
case CSExceptionType.SectionNotFound:
csException.Log();
break;
}
}
else
{
Exception ex = context.Server.GetLastError();
if(ex.InnerException != null)
ex = ex.InnerException;
csException = new CSException(CSExceptionType.UnknownError, ex.Message, context.Server.GetLastError());
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException sqlEx = ex as System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException;
if(sqlEx == null || sqlEx.Number != -2) //don't log time outs
csException.Log();
}
}
catch{} //not much to do here, but we want to prevent infinite looping with our error handles
CSEvents.CSException(csException);
}
#endregion
Application AuthenticateRequest#region Application AuthenticateRequest
private void Application_AuthenticateRequest(Object source, EventArgs e)
{
HttpContext context = HttpContext.Current;
Provider p = null;
ExtensionModule module = null;
// If the installer is making the request terminate early
if (CSConfiguration.GetConfig().AppLocation.CurrentApplicationType == ApplicationType.Installer) {
return;
}
// Only continue if we have a valid context
//
if ((context == null) || (context.User == null))
return;
try
{
// Logic to handle various authentication types
//
switch(context.User.Identity.GetType().Name.ToLower())
{
// Microsoft passport
case "passportidentity":
p = (Provider) CSConfiguration.GetConfig().Extensions["PassportAuthentication"];
module = ExtensionModule.Instance(p);
if(module != null)
module.ProcessRequest();
else
goto default;
break;
// Windows
case "windowsidentity":
p = (Provider) CSConfiguration.GetConfig().Extensions["WindowsAuthentication"];
module = ExtensionModule.Instance(p);
if(module != null)
module.ProcessRequest();
else
goto default;
break;
// Forms
case "formsidentity":
p = (Provider) CSConfiguration.GetConfig().Extensions["FormsAuthentication"];
module = ExtensionModule.Instance(p);
if(module != null)
module.ProcessRequest();
else
goto default;
break;
// Custom
case "customidentity":
p = (Provider) CSConfiguration.GetConfig().Extensions["CustomAuthentication"];
module = ExtensionModule.Instance(p);
if(module != null)
module.ProcessRequest();
else
goto default;
break;
default:
CSContext.Current.UserName = context.User.Identity.Name;
break;
}
}
catch( Exception ex )
{
CSException forumEx = new CSException( CSExceptionType.UnknownError, "Error in AuthenticateRequest", ex );
forumEx.Log();
throw forumEx;
}
// // Get the roles the user belongs to
// //
// Roles roles = new Roles();
// roles.GetUserRoles();
}
#endregion
Application AuthorizeRequest#region Application AuthorizeRequest
private void Application_AuthorizeRequest (Object source, EventArgs e) {
if (CSConfiguration.GetConfig().AppLocation.CurrentApplicationType == ApplicationType.Installer)
{
//CSContext.Create(context);
return;
}
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)source;
HttpContext context = application.Context;
CSContext csContext = CSContext.Current;
//bool enableBannedUsersToLogin = CSContext.Current.SiteSettings.EnableBannedUsersToLogin;
// // If the installer is making the request terminate early
// if (csContext.ApplicationType == ApplicationType.Installer) {
// return;
// }
//csContext.User = CSContext.Current.User;
CSEvents.UserKnown(csContext.User);
ValidateApplicationStatus(csContext);
// Track anonymous users
//
Users.TrackAnonymousUsers(context);
// Do we need to force the user to login?
//
if (context.Request.IsAuthenticated)
{
string username = context.User.Identity.Name;
if (username != null)
{
string[] roles = CommunityServer.Components.Roles.GetUserRoleNames(username);
if (roles != null && roles.Length > 0)
{
csContext.RolesCacheKey = string.Join(",",roles);
}
}
}
}
#endregion
Application BeginRequest#region Application BeginRequest
private void Application_BeginRequest(Object source, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)source;
HttpContext context = application.Context;
CSConfiguration config = CSConfiguration.GetConfig();
// If the installer is making the request terminate early
if (config.AppLocation.CurrentApplicationType == ApplicationType.Installer)
{
//CSContext.Create(context);
return;
}
CheckWWWStatus(config,context);
CSContext.Create(context, ReWriteUrl(context));
}
private void CheckWWWStatus(CSConfiguration config, HttpContext context)
{
if(config.WWWStatus == WWWStatus.Ignore)
return;
const string withWWW = "http://www.";
const string noWWW = "http://";
string rawUrl = context.Request.Url.ToString().ToLower();
bool isWWW = rawUrl.StartsWith(withWWW);
if(config.WWWStatus == WWWStatus.Remove && isWWW)
{
context.Response.Redirect(rawUrl.Replace(withWWW, noWWW));
}
else if(config.WWWStatus == WWWStatus.Require && !isWWW)
{
context.Response.Redirect(rawUrl.Replace(noWWW, withWWW));
}
}
ReWriteUrl#region ReWriteUrl
private bool ReWriteUrl(HttpContext context)
{
// we're now allowing each individual application to be turned on and off individually. So before we allow
// a request to go through we need to check if this product is disabled and the path is for the disabled product,
// if so we display the disabled product page.
//
// I'm also allowing the page request to go through if the page request is for an admin page. In the past if you
// disabled the forums you were locked out, now with this check, even if you're not on the same machine but you're accessing
// an admin path the request will be allowed to proceed, where the rest of the checks will ensure that the user has the
// permission to access the specific url.
// Url Rewriting
//
//RewriteUrl(context);
string newPath = null;
string path = context.Request.Path;
bool isReWritten = SiteUrls.RewriteUrl(path,context.Request.Url.Query,out newPath);
//very wachky. The first call into ReWritePath always fails with a 404.
//calling ReWritePath twice actually fixes the probelm as well. Instead,
//we use the second ReWritePath overload and it seems to work 100%
//of the time.
if(isReWritten && newPath != null)
{
string qs = null;
int index = newPath.IndexOf('?');
if (index >= 0)
{
qs = (index < (newPath.Length - 1)) ? newPath.Substring(index + 1) : string.Empty;
newPath = newPath.Substring(0, index);
}
context.RewritePath(newPath,null,qs);
}
return isReWritten;
}
#endregion
private void ValidateApplicationStatus(CSContext cntx)
{
if(!cntx.User.IsAdministrator)
{
string disablePath = null;
switch(cntx.Config.AppLocation.CurrentApplicationType)
{
case ApplicationType.Forum:
if(cntx.SiteSettings.ForumsDisabled)
disablePath = "ForumsDisabled.htm";
break;
case ApplicationType.Weblog:
if(cntx.SiteSettings.BlogsDisabled)
disablePath = "BlogsDisabled.htm";
break;
case ApplicationType.Gallery:
if(cntx.SiteSettings.GalleriesDisabled)
disablePath = "GalleriesDisabled.htm";
break;
case ApplicationType.GuestBook:
if(cntx.SiteSettings.GuestBookDisabled)
disablePath = "GuestBookDisabled.htm";
break;
case ApplicationType.Document: //新增 ugoer
if(cntx.SiteSettings.DocumentDisabled)
disablePath = "DocumentsDisabled.htm";
break;
}
if(disablePath != null)
{
string errorpath = cntx.Context.Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/Languages/{0}/errors/{1}",cntx.Config.DefaultLanguage,disablePath));
using(StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(errorpath))
{
string html = reader.ReadToEnd();
reader.Close();
cntx.Context.Response.Write(html);
cntx.Context.Response.End();
}
}
}
}
#endregion
}
}
在Web.Config中的配置：
<httpModules>
<add name="CommunityServer" type="CommunityServer.CSHttpModule, CommunityServer.Components" />
<add name="Profile" type="Microsoft.ScalableHosting.Profile.ProfileModule, MemberRole, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b7c773fb104e7562"/>
<add name="RoleManager" type="Microsoft.ScalableHosting.Security.RoleManagerModule, MemberRole, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b7c773fb104e7562" />
</httpModules>
CSHttpModule.cs UML：
要实现HttpModule功能需要如下步骤：
1.编写一个类，实现IhttpModule接口
2.实现Init 方法，并且注册需要的方法
3.实现注册的方法
4.实现Dispose方法，如果需要手工为类做一些清除工作，可以添加Dispose方法的实现，但这不是必需的，通常可以不为Dispose方法添加任何代码。
5.在Web.config文件中，注册您编写的类
到这里我们还需要了解一个Asp.Net的运行过程：
在图中第二步可以看到当请求开始的时候，马上就进入了HttpModule，在CS中由于实现了HttpModule的扩展CSHttpModule.cs 类，因此当一个web请求发出的时候（如：一个用户访问他的blog），CS系统首先调用CSHttpModule.cs类，并且进入
public void Init(HttpApplication application)
该方法进行初始化事件：
application.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(this.Application_BeginRequest);
application.AuthenticateRequest += new EventHandler(Application_AuthenticateRequest);
application.Error += new EventHandler(this.Application_OnError);
application.AuthorizeRequest += new EventHandler(this.Application_AuthorizeRequest);
有事件就要有对应的处理方法：
private void Application_BeginRequest(Object source, EventArgs e)
private void Application_AuthenticateRequest(Object source, EventArgs e)
private void Application_OnError (Object source, EventArgs e)
private void Application_AuthorizeRequest (Object source, EventArgs e)
事件被初始化后就等待系统的触发，请求进入下一步此时系统触发Application_BeginRequest事件，事件处理内容如下：
private void Application_BeginRequest(Object source, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)source;
HttpContext context = application.Context;
CSConfiguration config = CSConfiguration.GetConfig();
// If the installer is making the request terminate early
if (config.AppLocation.CurrentApplicationType == ApplicationType.Installer)
{
//CSContext.Create(context);
return;
}
CheckWWWStatus(config,context);
CSContext.Create(context, ReWriteUrl(context));
}
private void CheckWWWStatus(CSConfiguration config, HttpContext context)
{
if(config.WWWStatus == WWWStatus.Ignore)
return;
const string withWWW = "http://www.";
const string noWWW = "http://";
string rawUrl = context.Request.Url.ToString().ToLower();
bool isWWW = rawUrl.StartsWith(withWWW);
if(config.WWWStatus == WWWStatus.Remove && isWWW)
{
context.Response.Redirect(rawUrl.Replace(withWWW, noWWW));
}
else if(config.WWWStatus == WWWStatus.Require && !isWWW)
{
context.Response.Redirect(rawUrl.Replace(noWWW, withWWW));
}
}
ReWriteUrl#region ReWriteUrl
private bool ReWriteUrl(HttpContext context)
{
// we're now allowing each individual application to be turned on and off individually. So before we allow
// a request to go through we need to check if this product is disabled and the path is for the disabled product,
// if so we display the disabled product page.
//
// I'm also allowing the page request to go through if the page request is for an admin page. In the past if you
// disabled the forums you were locked out, now with this check, even if you're not on the same machine but you're accessing
// an admin path the request will be allowed to proceed, where the rest of the checks will ensure that the user has the
// permission to access the specific url.
// Url Rewriting
//
//RewriteUrl(context);
string newPath = null;
string path = context.Request.Path;
bool isReWritten = SiteUrls.RewriteUrl(path,context.Request.Url.Query,out newPath);
//very wachky. The first call into ReWritePath always fails with a 404.
//calling ReWritePath twice actually fixes the probelm as well. Instead,
//we use the second ReWritePath overload and it seems to work 100%
//of the time.
if(isReWritten && newPath != null)
{
string qs = null;
int index = newPath.IndexOf('?');
if (index >= 0)
{
qs = (index < (newPath.Length - 1)) ? newPath.Substring(index + 1) : string.Empty;
newPath = newPath.Substring(0, index);
}
context.RewritePath(newPath,null,qs);
}
return isReWritten;
}
#endregion
这个事件主要做两个事情
a：为发出请求的用户初始化一个Context，初始化Context用到了线程中本地数据槽(LocalDataStoreSlot)，把当前用户请求的上下文(contextb)保存在为此请求开辟的内存中。
b：判断是否需要重写 URL（检查是否需要重写的过程是对SiteUrls.config文件中正则表达式和对应Url处理的过程），如果需要重写URL，就执行asp.net级别上的RewritePath方法获得新的路径，新的路径才是真正的请求信息所在的路径。这个专题不是讲URL Rewrite，所以只要明白URL在这里就进行Rewrite就可以了，具体的后面专题会叙述。
处理完 Application_BeginRequest 后进程继向下执行，随后触发了Application_AuthenticateRequest（如果有朋友不明白这个执行过程，可以通过调试中设置多个断点捕获事件执行的顺序。如果你还不会调试，可以留言偷偷的告诉我，嘿嘿。）， Application_AuthenticateRequest事件初始化一个context的Identity,其实CS提供了很多的 Identity支持，包括Microsoft passport，但是目前的版本中使用的是默认值 System.Web.Security.FormsIdentity。具体代码如下：
private void Application_AuthenticateRequest(Object source, EventArgs e)
{
HttpContext context = HttpContext.Current;
Provider p = null;
ExtensionModule module = null;
// If the installer is making the request terminate early
if (CSConfiguration.GetConfig().AppLocation.CurrentApplicationType == ApplicationType.Installer) {
return;
}
// Only continue if we have a valid context
//
if ((context == null) || (context.User == null))
return;
try
{
// Logic to handle various authentication types
//
switch(context.User.Identity.GetType().Name.ToLower())
{
// Microsoft passport
case "passportidentity":
p = (Provider) CSConfiguration.GetConfig().Extensions["PassportAuthentication"];
module = ExtensionModule.Instance(p);
if(module != null)
module.ProcessRequest();
else
goto default;
break;
// Windows
case "windowsidentity":
p = (Provider) CSConfiguration.GetConfig().Extensions["WindowsAuthentication"];
module = ExtensionModule.Instance(p);
if(module != null)
