Education theory is a field of study that explores the principles and practices of teaching and learning. It encompasses various theories, models, and frameworks that guide educators in understanding how students learn and how to effectively facilitate their learning experiences. Some key foundational knowledge in education theory includes:

1. Behaviorism: This theory suggests that learning is a result of external stimuli and responses. Behaviorists believe that behaviors can be conditioned through reinforcement and punishment.

2. Constructivism: Constructivist theory posits that learners actively construct their own understanding and knowledge through experiences and interactions with the environment. It emphasizes hands-on learning and problem-solving.

3. Cognitive Load Theory: This theory focuses on how the working memory processes information and how cognitive load affects learning. It suggests strategies for optimizing learning by managing the amount of information presented to learners.

4. Multiple Intelligences: Proposed by Howard Gardner, this theory suggests that individuals have different types of intelligences, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

5. Sociocultural Theory: Developed by Lev Vygotsky, this theory emphasizes the role of social interactions, cultural context, and language in shaping learning and development. It highlights the importance of collaboration and scaffolding in the learning process.

6. Experiential Learning: This theory, popularized by David Kolb, suggests that learning is most effective when it occurs through concrete experiences, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation.

These are just a few examples of the foundational knowledge in education theory that educators often draw upon to inform their teaching practices and instructional strategies.