The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.
先行词 关系代词 定语从句
译:昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词: 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如上句中的 The man。
关系词: 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose;
关系副词有where, when, why 等。如上句中的who就是关系代词。
关系词常有3个作用:1.引导定语从句;2.代替先行词;3. 在定语从句中充当一个成分。
I like music that / which I can dance to.
先行词 关系代词
定语从句: that / which I can dance to.
如何选用关系代词呢?关系代词在定语从句中作何成分呢?
关系代词 在从句中的功能 指代
| that 作主语或宾语 指人或物 |
| which 作主语或宾语 指物(可与that互换) |
| who 作主语或 作宾语,此时可省略 指人(可与that互换) |
| whom 是who 的宾格, 作宾 语,可省略 指人 |
| whose 是who 的所有格, 作后面名词的定语 指人或物 |
迷津之一:关系代词that 和which 的区别关系代词which 和that 都可以引导定语从句,并且在从句中充当主语或者宾语。它们的区别如下:
★ that 的先行词既可是人,也可是事物;而which 的先行词只能是事物。
★ 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是事物时,大部分情况下which 和that 可以互换。
★ 但是当紧接在介词之后时,只能用which 而不能用that。
★ 只能用that 而不用 which 的情况有:
①被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.
②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.
③先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few ,no等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.
④先行词既有人又有物时。
⑤主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.
⑥以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.
【指点迷津】
迷津之二:关系代词who 和that 的区别关系代词who 和that 都可以引导先行词为
人的定语从句,并且在从句中充当主语或者宾语。它们的区别如下:
★ 在大多数情况下,who 和that 可以互换。
★ 但在以下情况只能用who : 当先行词为those, he, she, anyone 等表示“人”的代词时 。
迷津之三:关系代词who 和whom 的区别关系代词who 和whom 都可以引导先行词
为人的定语从句。★ who 在定语从句中既可以充当主语,也可以充当宾语;而whom 在定语从句中只能作宾语。
★ 当在定语从句中作宾语时,who 和whom可以互换。但是在现代英语口语中,一般不用whom,而用who。
★ 当紧接在介词之后时,不能用who,而仍须用whom。
关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
练习题
1. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen. B
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
2. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ . B
A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to
C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him
3. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? C
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one_____the telephone number is provided.
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
4.October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. D
A. when B. that C. what D. which
5. There are several research centers in China___a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. B
A. which B. where C. when D. what
6. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. C
A. which B. what C. that D. when
7. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before B
8. Those ____ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. B
A.learn B.who C.that D.who learn
9. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life. A
A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that
10. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store. A
A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which
11. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world. D
A. that B. what C. which D. as
12. The reason ___ I’m writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday. B
A. because B. why C. for D. as
13. Anyone _____ this opinion may speak out. C
A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against
14. Mr.Smith is one of the foreign experts who _____ in China. C
A.works B.is working C.are working D .has been working
15. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A
A.that B.those C.which D.what
16. This is the biggest laboratory _____ we have ever built in our school. D
A.which B.what C.where D./
17. He is the only one of the boys who _____ the piano well. A
A.plays B.play C.playing D.are playing
18. That scientist _____ work is successful has been made a model worker. D
A.which B.who C.who’s D.whose
19. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day? D
A.that B.where C.in which D.the one
20. Is this museum ____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A.that B.where C.in which D.the one
21.The train _____ she was traveling was late. A.which B.where C.on which D.in that A
22. The beautiful village, ____ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of the mountain. A
A. where B. that C. which D. what下载本文