在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫作宾语从句。
1. 如果宾语从句为陈述句，常用连词that引导。that本身无实际意义，也不在宾语从句中充当任何成分，因此常可省略。
He said (that) he had been to the Great Wall twice. 他说他去过长城两次。
2. 如果宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化来的，应用连词if或whether引导。if, whether 在句中不充当任何成分，但有一定的词意义，表示“是否”，whether, if不可省略。值得注意的是，如有两种选择时，多用whether, “whether... or not”是一个固定搭配，此处的whether不能用if代替。
He asked if/ whether we knew the answer. 他问我们是否知道答案。
I don't know whether he has come back or not.我不知道他是否已经回来了。
3. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
(1)由代词who, whose, what, which引导的宾语从句英语中的连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which。在句中担任主语宾语、定语或表语的成分。
C能告诉我你在等谁吗?
I don't know what his name is. 我不知道他叫什么名字。
(2)由副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句英语中的连接副词有when, where, why，how。在句中担任状语的成分。如:
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.我们谁都不知道在哪里买这些新零件。
4. 宾语从句要用陈述语序
Can you tell me when the meeting will begin? 你能告诉我会议什么时候开始吗?
5. 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态。
Do you know who he was talking with at 8 last Sunday?
你知道上个星期天8点和他说话的(那个人)是谁吗?
I hear that Bill has gone to Hainan. 我听说比尔已经去海南了。
6. 如果主句是过去时，那么宾语从句也要用过去的某种时态(一般过去时 、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)与之对应。
He said that he was watching TV when his father came back home.
他说当他的爸爸回家时，他正在看电视。
They didn't know who he was. 他们不知道他是谁。
7. 如果宾语从句讲述的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语时，无论主句是什么时态，宾语从句都要用一般现在时。如:
He said that light travels faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快。
She said the sun rises in the east. 她说太阳从东边升起。
一Do you know yesterday?
一Yes. He went for the boat race.
A. why didn't Peter go to school B. why doesn't Peter go to school
C. why Peter didn't go to school D. why Peter doesn't go to school
[解析]本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要用陈述语序，先排除A和B;再根据问句中的yesterday可回从出家知答案为C。
状语从句
1. 时间状语从句
连词：when, after, before, while, as soon as, until, since, as
After she got married, her life changed a lot. 她结婚后生活发生了很大变化。
2. 原因状语从句
连词：because, as, since
As the house is expensive, we can't afford it.因为这个房子很贵，我们买不起。
3. 条件状语从句
连词：if, unless, as long as
We'll go to see you if we are free. 如果我们有空，我们会去看你。
4. 目的状语从句
连词：so that, in order that
She dresses well so that she can attract everyone’s attention.
她穿得很漂亮，因此她能吸引每个人的注意。
5. 结果状语从句
连词：so... that...，such... that...
She is so weak that she can't walk on.她太虚弱了以至于她无法继续前行。
6. 比较状语从句
连词：than, as...as，not as (so)... as
Swimming is not so exciting as surfing.游泳没有冲浪刺激。
7. 让步状语从句
连词：though, although, even if
Although it's raining hard, they are still working hard in the field.
尽管下很大的雨，他们仍然在田里工作。
典例一Keep working hard, Paul. You will surely realize your dream of being a writer you give it up halfway.
一I will, thank you, Miss Rowling.
A. unless B. if C. since D. though
本题考查条件状语从句。unless 除非，如果不;if如果;since既然;though尽管。结合语境可知此处是说，如果你不中途放弃，你肯定能实现成为作家的梦想。故选A。
1.定语从句中关系代词的用法
(1)that和which：that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，作主语不能; which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，作主语则不能省略。如:
His father works in a factory that/ which makes TV sets. 他爸爸在一个生产电视的工厂上班。
特别提示：在介词后面不能用that.
The room in which I live is very big.我住的房间很大。
(2)who和whom：who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略。
The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.
= The doctor who/ whom/ that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.上个月和她一同去英国的医生很有名。
2.只能用that,不能用which引导的定语从句
(1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard. 这是我听过最有趣的故事。
(2)先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。
The children like the second lesson that is about“The Football Match".
孩子们喜欢的第二课是关于“足球赛”的。
(3)先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。
It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.这是这篇文章里我唯一认识的字。
(4)先行词为everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, few, any, no，every, many等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that引导。
Here is something (that) I will tell you. 这是我将要告诉你的一些事。
Here is all the money (that) I have. 这是我所有的钱。
(5)先行词是同时含有人和物的名词时，定语从句只能用that引导。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.
我能清楚地记得在那个房间看见的人和图画。
(6)定语从句所修饰的词为the one时，定语从句用that引导。
Is it the one (that) you want? 这是你想要的那个吗?
(7)为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后,用that引导定语从句。
Who is the girl that won the first place? 第一名的女孩是谁?
--- Do you know the man is talking with our Chinese teacher?
--- Yes. He is my uncle, Mr. King.
A. which B. who C. whom
本题考查定语从句中的关系代词。先行词是the man,指人，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故所缺的词是who。下载本文
