各 种 词 性
一览表
词性尾缀其实很多,大家主要记住最常用的
1. 名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),
17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
2. 形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地
-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地
-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地
常见词缀一览表
1.名词后缀
| 词缀 | 含义 | 例词 |
| -er | 人或工具 | cooker teacher |
| -or | 人 | doctor actor |
| -ist | ……者;……家 | artist novelist |
| -man | 人 | postman chairman |
| -(i)an | 人;……国人 | musician Asian |
| -eer | ……者;……家 | engineer mountaineer |
| -ee | 受……者 | employee interviewee |
| -ese | ……地方人;……国人 | Chinese Japanese |
| -mate | 有……关系人 | roommate classmate |
| -ance | 性质,状况,行动,过程,总量 | appearance performance |
| -ence | difference independence | |
| -ing | 动作,职业,东西,器物 | feeling sightseeing |
| -tion | education information | |
| -sion | decision television | |
| -ment | 行为的结果或方式 | development equipment |
| -age | 活动,身份,状态,费用,集合 | marriage shortage |
| -dom | 状态,领域 | freedom kingdom |
| -ness | 性质,状态 | happiness illness |
| -graph | 文字,书写 | autograph paragraph |
| -hood | 身份,地位,生活状况 | childhood neighborhood |
| -ics | 学科或某种活动 | politics physics |
| -phone | 声音的工具 | telephone microphone |
| -ship | 状态,身份,职务 | friendship leadership |
| -ism | ……主义 | socialism pessimism |
| -ery | 性质,行为,习惯 | discovery slavery |
| -al | 动作,过程 | arrival denial |
| -ability | 能力 | capability availability |
| -ibility | 能力 | possibility responsibility |
| -ty | loyalty safety | |
| -ure | failure pleasure | |
| -y | difficulty discovery | |
| -ology | 学科 | biology ecology |
| 词缀 | 含义 | 例词 |
| -able | 显示……性质或特点的,可被……的,适于……的 | comfortable suitable |
| -ible | (同上) | terrible horrible |
| -al | 属于…的 | national musical |
| -ant | important pleasant | |
| -ent | different intellight | |
| -ary | necessary ordinary | |
| -ive | 有……倾向/性质的 | active attractive |
| -y | windy dirty | |
| -ed | excited interested | |
| -ing | exciting interesting | |
| -ese | ……地方或国家的 | Chinese Japanese |
| -ful | 充满……的, 具有……性质的 | careful colorful |
| -ian | ……地方或国家人的 | Asian American |
| -ish | 像或有点……一样的 | childish selfish |
| -less | 没有……的 | careless hopeless |
| -like | 像……的 | childlike |
| -ly | 具有……性质或特点的某……一次的 | lovely yearly |
| -ous | 具有……性质的 | famous serious |
| -en | 用……做成的 | woolen wooden |
| -some | 易于……的,会引起……的 | troublesome tiresome |
| -ical | classical economical | |
| -ic | classic economic | |
| -free | carefree tax-free | |
| -minded | open-minded absent-minded | |
| -ological | 学科的 | biological ecological |
| 词缀 | 含义 | 例词 |
| -en | 使变成 | widen brighten |
| -ise/ize | 使成为 | apologize criticize |
| -(i)fy | 使成为 | purify simplify |
| 词缀 | 含义 | 例词 |
| -ly | ……地 | quickly suddenly |
| -ward(s) | 朝……方向 | westward backward |
| 词缀 | 含义 | 例词 |
| dis- | 不,相反 | dislike disagree |
| il- | 不、无、非 | illegal illogical |
| im- | 不、无 | impossible immoral |
| in- | 不、无、非 | incapable incorrect |
| ir- | 不、无 | irregular irresistible |
| non- | 不 | nonsmoker nonstop |
| un- | 不 | unreal unlock |
| mal- | 恶、 | maltreat Malnutrition |
| mis- | 误、错、 | misunderstand Misuse |
| 词缀 | 含义 | 例词 |
| anti- | 反对、防 | anti-war anti-cancer |
| contra- | 反对 | contradict contradiction |
| counter- | 反对 | counter-attack counter-revolution |
| micro- | 微 | microscope microcomputer |
| mini- | 小 | minibus miniskirt |
| over- | 超过 | overuse overlook |
| under- | 不足、少 | underpay underestimate |
| vice- | 次的,低一级的 | vice-president vice-chairman |
| ex- | 前任的, | ex-president ex-wife |
| fore- | 先、预先 | foretell foresee |
| mid- | midnight midsummer | |
| pre- | 前 | prewar preschool |
| re- | 再一次 | restore rebuild |
| ex- | 流放,向外 | export |
| fore- | 先,前 | forehead foreleg |
| in-/em-/en-/im- | 在内,进入 | embody, enroll, intake, import, immigrate |
| inter- | 在…中间,相互的 | international interact |
| out- | 在上面,在外部 | outdoor outflow |
| over- | 过分的,过量的,其他 | overwork overhear |
| post- | 在…之后 | postscript post-war |
| pre- | 在前 | preface preview |
| sub- | 在……之下 | subway sub-conscious |
| super- | 在……之上, 超级的 | superpower supermarket |
| tele- | 远距离的 | telephone telegram |
| trans- | 越过、横过 | transport transplant |
| under- | 在…下面 | underground underwater |
| up- | 向上,在上 | upward uphill |
| bi- | 两、二 | bilingual bicycle |
| co- | 共同的 | cooperate co-exist |
| kilo- | 千 | kilometer kilogram |
| semi- | 半 | semi-circle semi-official |
| milli- | 千分之一 | milligram millimeter |
| uni- | 一、单 | unify union |
| multi- | 多 | multinational multiform |
| tri- | 三 | triangle tricycle |
| auto- | 自己、自动 | autobiography autograph |
| extra- | 已外、超过 | extra-large extra-thin |
| vice- | 副、次 | vice-chairman vice-premier |