改错文章统计分析
1. 内容: 人文类学术书籍或期刊杂志（历史政治语言教育），特别是语言类为主
2. 篇幅: 200词左右
3. 结构: 一般是总分结构
1）总:文章主题一般在首句
2）分:两条线索—对立和顺承
改错答案统计分析
1. 从错词词类上看，分布比较均匀，英语词类中均有涉及，具体来说：
每年涉及至少5种词类的修改；
动词每年有一个；
形容词副词每年有一个；
冠词代词每年有一个
2.从修改方法上看，每年10道改错题呈6，7---1，2---1，2的分值分布，即，修改单词6-7个，增加单词1-2个，删除单词1-2个
一、考查什么？
重点在于语言的运用
1. 语法知识
冠词、介词、 代词、情态动词、形容词与副词
非谓语动词（v-ing, v-ed）
定语从句
虚拟语气
2. 词汇与搭配
各类词性 + 词汇搭配与用法；灵活运用
outer space vs. out space
perform an act vs. make an act
Posture vs. post
get to their feet vs. get on their feet
In average vs. on average
3. 篇章结构
改错旨在测试在具体语境或上下文中使用语法或词汇的能力 （esp句子之间的逻辑关系）
具体语境或上下文：一篇200字左右的短文
10个左右、意义上相关联的句子
→ 跳出单句的框架，从语段（表达一相关层次意思的句子组合）的角度来进行判断
句内错误 + 句间错误（尤其是表逻辑关系的连词）
二、常见错误类型：
1. 短语搭配错误
2. 易混词错误
3. 逻辑关系错误
4. 代词错误（一致错误）
5. 冠词错误
6. 形容词和副词使用错误
7.成分残缺或冗余
8.动词时态或语态错误
1. 短语搭配错误 （esp介词错误）
to let alone
in return to
the need of
substitute A with B
account 70%
under the grounds of/that
attitude on life
in a quick speed
with many respects
at the face of
considerations to…
become victims of …
ride in a train
resistive against
resistance of
embark sth
in line to
take pride of
shed light to sth
in proportion with
be contrasted to
modern time
ability of (doing) sth
at the first place
be successful on doing
approach to do …
on one’s 30s
differ A from B
vary by
2. 易混词错误
(1)形近异义词
imaginative – imaginary adapt – adopt
confirm – conform former – formal
diary – dairy personal – personnel
beside – besides principal – principle
conscious – conscientious stationary – stationery
considerate – considerable affect – effect
contact – contract moral – morale
industrious – industrial desert – dessert
require – acquire – inquire sensible – sensitive
transformation – transmission tense – tension
cooker – cook complexity – complex
insurance – assurance provide – provided/providing
perceive – conceive
(2)形近(形异)近义词
latter – later late – latest
farther – further effective – efficient
respectable – respectful historic – historical
rise – arise – raise – arouse
sure – insure – ensure – assure
producing – productive
lonely – alone across – cross
impressed -- impressive memorizing – memorable
normal– norm favorite – favorable
acceptability – acceptance economical – economic
(a) few – (a) little invent – discover
before – ago another – other reward– award
(3)兼有两种形式的副词
firstly – first hardly– hard late – lately
high– highly wide - widely
close– closely deep - deeply
clear(完全地、径直地) – clearly(显然、清楚地)
(4)反义词
with – without possible – impossible subjective – objective
import – export better – worse employee – employer
employment – unemployment modifiable – unmodifiable
natural – unnatural discernable – indiscernable
lend – borrow exclusive – inclusive
independency – dependency willing – unwilling
nothing more than – nothing less than
agree – disagree less – more (still more– still less)
most – least known – unknown
respective – irrespective majority – minority
result in – result from fortunately -- unfortunately
powerful – powerless easiness – uneasiness
professional – amateur aware – unaware
include – exclude
(5) 名词单复数异义
moral – morals water - waters sand - sands
manner– manners wood - woods paper - papers
saving – savings time - times mean(n.平均值) – means(方法)
注：bacterium - bacteria medium - media criterion - criteria
(6) 易混短语
live with – live by tend to – intend to
next week – the next week spend… in doing sth – spend… on sth
die of – die from rather than – other than
have sb do sth – have sth done take on– go on
take place – take the place of consist in – consist of
in all – after all in return – in turn
one reason for +短语 – one reason why +句子
bring out– bring up apply… to– apply for
3. 逻辑关系错误（连词使用错误）
therefore – nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然)
and – but / while or – and after – before
since – although there is no…– there is also…
that – if from now on – from then on
all – none if – unless besides – except
therefore – because so – because
so does he… – neither/nor does he…
as if – even if whether – if
That’s why +结果 – that’s because +原因
4. 代词错误（一致错误）
their – its that – those which – what
which – that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that)
it – itself (主宾相同，宾语用反身代词)
that/this – it (只有it可作形式主语)
his – one’s (泛指时用one) you – yourself
it – they this – such
XX is less sophisticated than what they are today – XX is less sophisticated than they are today
5. 冠词错误
(1)定冠词多余
on the either side –> on either side
in the Europe –> in Europe
in the winter –> in winter
Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book – Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系，不必使用冠词)
take the issue –> take issue(对…持异议，不同意)
(2)定冠词缺漏
among most –> among the most
one of first –> one of the first
atmosphere –> the atmosphere(独一无二的事物，如：the world, the Equator, the Outerspace）
between us and rest –> between us and the rest
in minority –> in the minority
play piano –> play the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)
English language –> the English language
at heart of –> at the heart of
in long run –> in the long run
注意以下短语的区别（抽象 vs. 具体）
in church – in the church
at college – at the college
in court – in the court
in hospital – in the hospital
in office – in the office
in prison – in the prison
at sea – at the sea
in school – in the school
at table – at the table
6. 形容词与副词使用错误
be well equipped as –> be as well equipped as
heavy industrialized –> heavily-industrialized
keep the number constantly –> keep number constant
feel hopeless thwarted –> feel hopelessly thwarted
comparative high proportion –> comparatively high proportion
(quakes) start deeply in the earth –> start deep in the earth
in the passed 5 years –> in the past 5 years
culture embedded attitudes –> culturally embedded attitudes
from one meter afar –> from one meter away
increasing –> increasingly simple –> simply
7. 成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)
a world which I could get… –> a world in which I could get…
shows –> that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词不可省略)
take for granted that –> take it for grated that
1980 –1980s one of the most glaring form –> one of the mist glaring forms
work sth –> work out sth believe in –believe
point sth –> point out sth 20 percents –> 20 percent
eyes contact –> eye contact seven – seventh
the process which it function –> the process by which it function
communication service –> communications service (通信服务、通讯服务)
average incomes –> average income
the like of –> the likes of
be referred to XX –> be referred to as XX
be viewed as work of art –> be viewed as a work of art
8. 时态或语态错误
went – go agreeing – agreed
consisted – consisting bored – boring
favoring – favored if she was –> if she were(非真实条件句)
involves – involving will – would (虚拟语气中)
delaying – delayed (已完成概念或者被动概念)
the promise of improving quality of life –> the promise of improved quality of life
assure – assures (第三人称单数)
have – has (要看清句子真正的主语)
developing – developed
the least understanding –> the least understood
what they have told – what they have been told
if circumstances become favorable – if circumstances should become favorable
总结：
1. 步骤：
做一定数量的改错练习 → 看以上的总结以及例子 → 再做题 → 掌握改错规律，识别出更多的错误并将其改正，形成自己的做题方法
2. 语法、词汇错误 vs. 语篇错误
✓掌握语法词汇+ 文章理解（通读全文，再一行一行去识别错误所在，尤其隐蔽的语篇错误。
✓不要一上来就开始找错误，也不要边找错边读文章，不然只能找到一些词汇错误，但做完后不知所云，找不到语篇错误。下载本文
