【考点扫描】
中考阅读理解文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同,要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。
中考阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则:
1. 阅读文章不少于三篇,阅读量在1,000单词左右;
2. 题材广泛,包括科普,社会,文化,政治,经济等;
3. 体裁多样,包阔记叙文,说明文,应用文等。
中考阅读理解考查的主要内容是:
1. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。
其主要提问方式是:
(1) Which is the best title of the passage?
(2) Which of the following is this passage about?
(3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.
(4) The passage tells us that______.
(5) This passage mainly talks about_______.
2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。
其主要提问方式是:
(1) Which of the following is right?
(2) Which of the following is not mentioned?
(3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?
(4) Choose the right order of this passage.
(5) From this passage we know ________.
3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。
其主要提问方式是:
(1) The word “....” in the passage probably means ________.
(2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.
(4) Here “it” means________.
4. 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解,对文章各段,各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。
其主要提问方式是:
(1) Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ________.
(2) Some shops can be built Donfeng Square so that they may _____.
(3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____.
(4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?
5. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。
其主要提问方式是:
(1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.
(2) We can infer from the text that _______.
(3) From the letters we’ve learned that it’s very _____ to know something about American social customs.
(4) From the story we can guess ______.
(5) What would be happy if …?
6. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。
其主要提问方式是:
(1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?
(2) The writer writes this text to ______.
(3) The writer believes that ______.
(4) The writer suggests that ______.
解题方法与技巧
1.获取段落的主旨和大意
(1)
All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链)。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.
59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?
(2)
If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.
(3)
Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make
more honey(蜂蜜). So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred(繁殖) and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didn’t want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.
Scientists could not control(控制) the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years.
Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting(叮) many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person.
Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait.
59. The best title of the passage is ____________.
A. How to make more honey B. Killer bees
C. A foolish scientist D. How to feed killer bees
2.如何确定细节和事实?
一要在文章中找出相应的信息点,二要排除干扰项
What do plants make food from? They make food from _______.
A. sunlight, water and things in the soil and air
B. water, sunlight and things in the soil
C. water and things in the soil and air
D. water, sunlight and things in the soil
这一小题考查的就是文章的细节和事实。这一细节和事实的表述在文章中可以直接找到:Plants are “factories”. They make food from sunlight, water and things in the soil and air.
3.如何进行推断?
Example 1
One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant,“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.”
“What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised.
“Well,”replied the man,“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”
Q: The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was ______.
A. very clean
C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects
Example 2
Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK,they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.
Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them,it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesn’t ask questions;he answers questions. He never says,“I don’t know.”
Q: Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude to Mr. Neff?
4.猜测词义、指代
1.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.
2.The door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel.
3.Skimming means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to read it carefully.
4.The harbor is protected by a jetty—a wall built out into the water.
5.The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye.
6.Mr. Smith always arrives home punctually,neither early nor late.
7....,and other Germanic and Nordic peoples,who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon(or Old English),a Germanic language.
8.The "Chunnel",a tunnel(隧道)connecting England and France,is now complete.
9.One of the obstacles to false reading is vocalizing—saying the words to themselves in a low voice.
10.The early scientific study of chemistry,known as alchemy,grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries A.D.
11.He has been getting better,but during the night his condition deteriorated.
12.Biggest power failure in the city's history…All of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted.
13.Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences--but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.
14.The major market force rests in the growing population of white collar employees,who can afford the new service.
15.“We have the best food here.”, said Angela Carraro, who runs an Italian restaurant.
16.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago,how could they even begin to picture modern life?
17. Why are you traveling to outer space when you don't even use your inner space?However,the question that " moon people" asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
What does the underlined word "it"(paragraph 2)refer to?
A.Discovering the moon's inner space.
B.Using the earth's inner space.
C.Meeting the "moon people " again.
D.Traveling to outer space.
2.根据上下文猜测词义
(1)根据定义或解释猜测词义
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”….
Now when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
Q:John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ________.
A. makes everyone know a secret
B. the woman bout a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag
D. sells the cat in the bag
(2)根据情景和逻辑进行判断
As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.
53. In the text, “put an end to” means “___________”.
(3)根据并列、同位关系猜测词义
There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.
101. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?
A. 自来水B. 大气C. 冰川D. 蒸汽
(4)根据背景和常识判断
Watching some children trying to catch butterflies one August afternoon, I was reminded of an incident in my own childhood. When I was a boy of twelve in South Carolina, something happened to me that made me never put any wild creature (living thing) in a cage(笼子).
We lived on the edge of a forest, and every evening at dusk the mockingbirds would come and rest in the trees and sing. There isnt a musical instrument made by man that can produce a more beautiful sound than the song of the mockingbird.
I decided that I would catch a young bird and keep it in a cage and in that way, I would have my own private musician.
I finally succeeded in catching one and put it in a cage. At first, being scared, the bird fluttered(扑腾) about the cage, but finally it settled down in its new home. I felt very pleased with myself and looked forward to some beautiful singing from my little musician.
On the second day of the bird’s captivity, my new pet’s mother flew to the cage with food in her mouth. The baby bird ate everything she brought to it. I was pleased to see this. Certainly the mother knew better than I how to feed her baby.
The following morning when I went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What had happened! I had taken extremely care of my little bird, or so I thought.
Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”
Never since then have I caught any living creature and put it in a cage. All living creatures have a right to live free.
60. An ornithologist is probably a person who ____________ .
A. studies birds
B. loves creatures
C. majors in habits
D. takes care of trees
【中考范例】
根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误,正确的用”A”表示,错误的用“B”表示。(共5小题,计5分)
(A)
Now TV programs play an important part in our daily life. We can get a lot of knowledge and a lot of fun from it. Today is Saturday. The following are some TV programs on different channels today. Now read these TV programs and try to find some information for you and your family members.
13: 12 Football Match
XATV Channel 4
15: 30 TV Play
18: 30 Cartoon Film
CCTV Channel 1
12: 38 Law Today
CCTV Channel 3
21: 00 The Latest Music
41. My grandfather is interested in laws. He can watch CCTV Channel 1 at noon.
42. My father is a football fan. He prefers football matches. He can watch CCTV Channel 1.
43. My mother likes watching TV plays. She wants to watch XATV Channel 4 in the afternoon.
44. My sister is only six years old. I want to find a program for her. I think she can watch CCTV Channel 6.
45. I’m a student. I like music, but I am very busy tonight. So I can watch CCTV Channel 3 this evening.
41. A。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。从表中我们可以看到,中午12点38分电视台1频道有“今日说法”节目,父亲当然可以观看。
42. B。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。查看电视台1频道所有的节目没有一个是播放足球赛的,所以这个陈述是错误的。
43. A。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。从表中我们可以看到,15点30分陕西电视台4频道播放电视剧,母亲完全可以看。
44. B。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。从表中可以看到,查看电视台6频道所有的节目没有一个是六岁的妹妹看的儿童节目。
45. B。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。今天晚上我很忙,因此不可能看电视。
再看2004年阅读理解B部分:
B) 阅读下面连篇短文,从个小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。(共10小题,计20分)
the water to find the secrets there. Scuba diving is a new sport today. It can take you
into a wonderful undersea world.
Many sea animals give out light in the dark and some have sharp teeth.
green. When fish swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands. When you have
bottles of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. However, you
can’t dive too deep. And you must be very careful when you dive in deep water.
it is, the less sunlight there is. At about 3,000 feet, there is no light at all. It is dark in
the sea. Many fishes have no eyes. Some have big eyes. A few have eyes on one side.
除了) the cold and darkness, deep-sea animals face a third danger ---
other animals.
Animals eat meat. This means these sea animals have animals have two big jobs.They
need to find animals as food, and they have to try not to become other animals’ meal.
46. Why do people want to dive in the sea? Because ________.
47. In the daytime, when you dive in the sea, you _________.
catch nothing
48. How many dangers will animals meet in the deep sea?
49. When you do scuba diving, you can __________.
50. Which of the following is WRONG?
46. B。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章开头的第二句明确说明了这一点。“现在越来越多的人想潜水,为的是寻找海下世界的秘密”。
47. A。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章第三段开头就说明了这一事实。“During the day, there is enough light. Here, under the sea, everything is blue
and green.”
48. C。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章的第5段说明了这一问题:Besides
(除了) the cold and darkness, deep-sea animals face a third danger --- other animals.
49. A。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章的第三段有这样一句话:When you
have bottles of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. 背着
空气瓶潜水就是“scuba diving”。
50. D。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章的第四段有这样的叙述:At about
3,000 feet, there is no light at all. It is dark in the sea. Many fishes have no eyes.
在3,000米的深处,一点光线都没有,很多于都没有眼睛,他们怎麽能够通
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