(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)
The father of English poetry.
Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
作品：
first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ③ ⑤ 二、William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚15~1616 playwright,poet 评价comments： Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English literature 莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（Ben Johnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于。（He was not of an age, but for all time.） 作品： Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII Four Comedies: ③Four Tragedies: ④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg 三、Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626 Bacon’s quote 1、knowledge is power 知识就是力量。 2、Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance 美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。 3、Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 天生的能力好像天然生成的植物，必须通过学习加以修整；然而学习本身如若不由实践去约束，必然方向纷杂而漫无目的。 4、Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set 美德好比宝石，在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。 评价 ⏹the founder of English materialist philosophy. ⏹The founder of modern science in England. ⏹a representative of the English renaissance. ⏹a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. Bacon’s works establish and popularize an inductive methodology for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method. Induction（归纳法）implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses. （哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。） Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist. 马克思称他为“英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父” Writing style: brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason. 作品： ③ ④ 十七世纪英国诗人 John Donne the Metaphysical poet(17世纪玄学派诗人) ⏹English poet, preacher ⏹He was the most outstanding of the English Metaphysical Poets 作品： ⏹Songs and Sonnets 《歌与十四行诗》 The Flea 《跳蚤》 The Good-Morrow 《早安》 Break of Day《破晓》 ⏹Epithalamions, or marriage songs 《颂歌》 ⏹Elegies 《挽歌》 On His Mistress To His Mistress Going to bed ⏹Divine poems 《圣歌》 ⏹Holy Sonnets 《神圣十四行诗》 At the Round Earth’s Imagined Corner, Below Death Be Not Proud Artistic features: 1.conceits or imagery奇思妙喻 2.syllogism三段论 John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674 John Milton was an English poet, 政论家，polemicist (辩论家） He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost, which is considered as the greatest English literary epic. 评价： William Hayley's 1796 biography called him the "greatest English author". He remains generally regarded "as one of the preeminent writers in the English language and as a thinker of world importance." 写作的3个主题: ❑Church government ❑Divorce ❑Republicanism 作品： ⏹1637：Lycidas 《利西达斯》 ⏹1650：Areopagitica 《为英国人民声辩》 ⏹1667: Paradise Lost 《失乐园》是无韵体 ⏹1671: Paradise Regained 《复乐园》 ⏹1671: Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》 This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best who can endure the suffering best. 冒险小说作家 Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731 小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。He started The Review, a political and literary magazine in prison. 1704年，他创办《评论》杂志，这是英国第一份定期出版的社会和政治刊物。 评价： ⏹He is called “The Father of the English fiction”（英国小说之父） 考，填空 He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. 作品： The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记 It praises the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. ② Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》 ③ Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》 ④ A Journal of the Plague Year 《大疫年日记》 ⑤ Roxana 《罗克萨娜》 Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745 十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。 作品： A Tale of a Tub 《一只桶的故事》 The battle of the Books 《书籍之战》 The Drapier’s Letter 《布商来信》 A Modest Proposal 《一个温和的建议》 Gulliver‘s Travels 《格列佛游记》 Four parts: Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛 浪漫主义诗人一 William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827 ⏹Poet and Painter ⏹Engraver ⏹Developed own mythology/religion ⏹First major “Romantic” poet ⏹英国文学史上最复杂、最有个性的诗人之一 他打破了18世纪新古典主义的教条，用歌谣和无韵体诗来书写理想和生活。 Features of his poems •1.use of simple language •2. serious, somber themes •3. lyrical beauty •4. symbolism •5. mysticism 常出现的主题： Good & evil Heaven & hell Knowledge & innocence External reality & inner 作品： Poetical Sketches 诗的素描 Songs of Innocence 天真之歌 a happy and innocent world from children’s eye. Include: The Book of Thel 塞尔书 ④The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天堂和地狱的结合 ⑤Songs of Experience 经验之歌 a word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: ⑥Visions of the Daughters of Albion 阿尔比昂的女儿们之幻想 ⑦The Song of Los 罗斯之歌 Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796 ●Scottish poet and writer of traditional Scottish folk songs, whose works are known and loved wherever the English language is read. ●是英国苏格兰著名的农民诗人。 ●The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ 作品： ⏹Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect 《苏格兰方言诗集》 ⏹The Tree of Liberty 自由树 带有名著明主进步思想 ⏹Scots, Wha Hae 苏格兰人 ⏹Holy Willie’s Prayer 威利长老的祈祷 无情的嘲讽了教会的虚伪和地主对农民的压迫 ⏹The Twa Dogs, 两只狗 William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850 与Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯尔律治、Robert Southey骚塞同被称为Lake Poets“湖畔派”诗人。 评价： ●a major English Romantic poet ●享有自然诗人的美誉 ●Poet Laureate: “桂冠诗人” ●with Coleridge helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads.《抒情歌谣集》，the Prelude is considered as the declaration of Romanticism英国浪漫主义的宣言. 作品： ① Theme: 1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace” 2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude. Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. ②Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏 ③Ode: Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂 ④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 ⑤Lucy Poems 露西 ⑥ Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834 The Lake Poets English lyrical poet, critic, and philosopher, whose Lyrical Ballads, written with Wordsworth, started the English Romantic movement. 作品： ① ② ③ Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦文学评论著作《文学传记》（Biographia Literature） Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817 She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. 作品： ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ In the opening of Pride And Prejudice, Jane Austen states: “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife”. People marry for many reasons, including convenience, love, infatuation, and companionship throughout the novel. 浪漫主义诗人二 George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824 ●The most renowned English-language poet of his day. ●His best-known works are the narrative poems Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan. ●Byron's fame rests also on his life, which featured extravagant living, numerous love affairs, debts, separation, allegations of incest and bisexuality and an eventual death from fever after he travelled to fight on the Greek side in the Greek War of Independence. 作品： ③ 诗歌： Persy Bysshe Shelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822 评价: ▪one of the major English Romantic poets ▪is critically regarded among the finest lyric poets in the English language ▪Shelley was famous for his association with John Keats and Lord Byron. 作品： Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression 诗辩 Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies. Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life. Artistic features: Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …) John Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821 “美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。 作品： ●On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer 《初探恰普罗译荷马》 ●“Sleep and Poetry ”《睡与诗》 ●Endymion 《恩底弥翁》 ●Isabella《伊莎贝拉》 ●Four great odes: ● Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader. Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855 Due to her upbringing, she often wrote about religious hypocrisy宗教的虚伪—those who preach one doctrine but live by another 作品： ① ② ③ ④
