礼仪讲话 Ceremonial Speech
I. 阅读材料 Reading Material
第一篇Passage 1
Remarks By U.S. Commerce Secretary Don Evans
Chris: Tomorrow is another day. And we hope you enjoy your visit here despite the rain. Now I would like to invite the Ambassador of the United States to China, Clark Randt to come to the podium to introduce our speaker. Mr. Ambassador. (Applause)
Mr. Randt: Thank you, Chris. Mr. Secretary, Minister Zhang, Vice-Mayor Liu, Distinguished Guests & Visitors,
Thanks to the American Chamber of Commerce in Beijing and U. S. Business Council for organizing today’s luncheon. In these trying times, America has been truly blessed by great leadership in Washington, men and women of extraordinary conviction and faith, including notably Secretary Evans. He is the key advisor to the President on commercial and trade matters, that it is itself a huge and vitally important portfolio. However, the secretary is a man of incredible energy. He also has the bureau of senses, the U. S. Patent & Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration which includes the Weather Bureau. Moreover, he is also a key member of the President’s economic policy team and the President’s special test expert on energy.
Secretary Evans will address us today about the state of U.S.-China Trade relations, opportunities and challenges created by China’s accession to the WTO. Ladies and gentlemen, without further ado, the main event, I’m honored to be able to introduce to you Secretary of Commerce, United States of America, Don Evans.
Mr. Secretary’s Address:
Thank you so much, Sandie. You draw quite a crowd, buddy. I’m delighted to be here. I have been in China for just a few short days. It’s maybe 48 hours and I know it’s one o’clock in the morning back home I know that. But it feels good to me. This is my first trip to China and after just a couple of days here, I can feel the energy, I can feel the excitement and see & feel the opportunity. I know when I return home I’m going to encourage many of my colleagues to make a trip over here.
It has been twenty-six years in my life in the private sector. It’s a lot of differences in the public sector I can tell you that. But one thing that I have learned in the last fifteen months, is that the core of belief that I have and the core of belief that the President of United States has is all governments can do is to help create the right conditions and environment for economies to grow. Governments don’t create wealth; governments don’t create prosperity. You do that, the entrepreneurs of the economy, the leaders of the economy, the workers of the economy. You are the ones that create the wealth and create the prosperity.
When you think about the dynamic economy here in China, and where it’s heading and I think back about what America has accomplished in the last 200 years. I really do think about those in the private sector who have been responsible for implementing a free market system, a free enterprise system. I think about the important responsibilities that you have of creating the conditions within your own companies for your colleagues, and your fellow workers to achieve their dreams. So when you think about what you are doing, you ought to be thinking about the fact that you too are public servants. You too are all a part of creating the environment. So those people that live all across this country, all across this world can achieve their dreams. So think about yourselves as stewards and think about yourselves as being responsible for people all around the world achieving their dreams.
This trip is about leading a business development mission to Beijing and then we are going to be on to Shanghai. And this trip is also about sharing a dream, not the American dream, but the dream of all mankind…to have a world that lives in peace and prosperity. Six billion people live on the planet. And three billion of them live on less than two dollars a day. That’s not right and that’s not good. Our responsibility is to do something about it. What’s our purpose here in life? Our purpose of highest calling is to serve other people and make their lives better. And how can we do that? I can tell you in one word how we can do that. Trade. Expand trade all around this world, the free market economy. For you see what trade does, what competitive free markets do, it creates the conditions for economies to grow. Competition leads to innovation, innovation leads to higher productivity and higher productivity leads to economic growth which leads to a higher standard of living, which leads people demanding the kind of freedoms that all humans should be entitled to, leading to a higher quality of life and a world that lives in peace and prosperity.
Today China is clearly one of our most important trading partners. In the last ten years, trade in China has grown from $25 billion ten years ago to $120 billion last year, a five times’ increase in the last ten years. We have more foreign Commercial Service personnel in China than in any other country in the world. One hundred…including many Chinese… we have 50 right here in Beijing. And the latest signs of the significance of our relationship and the importance of this country to our future trade are the trade missions. I’ve brought along with me 15 of America’s finest companies, leaders from 15 of America’s finest companies. Will they please stand? As a matter of fact, I’d like to recognize them. I see some of them together to my right and off to the left (Applause). Thank you very much. They are the lucky ones. 85 other companies applied, so there are many that are eager to come to this country and they will be coming. This group represents a broad spectrum of industries. They have considerable global experience, including right here in China. And they all represent the best of the American entrepreneurial spirit. Tony Beyer (the CEO at Tek Pak which makes special packaging materials for high-tech components) is here somewhere, I had a chance to go to Tony’s plant a couple of weeks ago in Chicago, Illinois. It was a real thrill to walk through that plant and see 55 employees working on highly technical kind of products and thinking they are exporting to 27 countries around the world——55 employees working in a firm in Chicago exporting to 27 countries around the world! But in China we know there is a big gap between experts from China to the United States and from the United States to China. In fact the trade deficit last year was about $83 billion, however the U.S. exports to China have been growing dramatically in the last couple of years. In fact exports to China have been growing at three times a rate as exports from China to the United States. Many sectors are opening up. The companies with us this week are in sectors with great potential in China—information technology, telecommunication, engineering, construction, medical technology, energy, covering many sectors that are growing here in this great country.
2001 was a banner year for China. China chaired the APEC meetings. It joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). And it was selected to host the 2008 Summer Olympics. Congratulations to them. As the country that just finished hosting the 2002 Winter Olympics, of course we wish them the very best. To stage this world’s largest and most spectacular event, China government plans to spend some $23 billion on operations and infrastructure development. That means new business opportunities for American companies. For example, there will be an Olympic optical Internet that will provide broadband, multimedia teleconferencing and other services in all Olympic locations. You know, American companies excel in telecommunication and information technology, so I hope that China will take advantage of this. But trade, whether it’s a part of the upcoming Olympics or whether it’s a part of this growing economy here in China, it would have been a lot tougher had China not joined the WTO.
We are glad to have China as the full partner in the WTO. It’s significant. 144 WTO members account for 95 percent of global trade and China is the 7th largest trading partner in the world. And they ought to be a part of the WTO organization and play by the same rules as all the other large trading countries do. Some say that China could be the 4th largest trading partner within the decade. The way the economy is growing, who knows? They may even be higher. New foreign capital is continuing to come into China in the year 2000, $40 billion of foreign direct investment coming into China. To make a comparison, Japan is 2/3 of the Asian economy, but its foreign direct investment in the year 2000 was only $8 billion.
Macroeconomics is very important but also microeconomics. A transparent tax system, a transparent and effective judicial system, honoring the sanctity of contracts, nondiscriminatory regulations, nondiscriminatory standards, nondiscriminatory customs laws are all part of making sure a free market economy works. WTO requires legal consistency and fairness and this will help, this will help develop the rule of law in China and it will help give investors the confidence and the certainty they need to help and keep investing in China.
课文词语 Words and Expressions from the Text
podium 讲台
luncheon 午餐会
trying 艰难的
conviction 坚定的信仰
vitally 必不可少的
portfolio 职位；重要职位
bureau （机构等的）局、司、处、署
without further ado 不再罗嗦地
dynamic 有活力的
steward 服务员，管理员
entrepreneurial 企业家的
a top priority 应予以优先考虑的事情
calling 职业，（做某事的）强烈冲动
spectrum 范围
deficit 赤字
banner 特别好的; 标志性的
spectacular 引人注目的
infrastructure 基础设施
optical 光学的；光的
broadband 宽频带
excel 胜过
macroeconomics 宏观经济学
microeconomics 微观经济学
transparent 透明的
judicial 司法的
sanctity 神圣
nondiscriminatory 非歧视的
第二篇 Passage 2
Here is the World Organization Created to Serve All People
Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends,
Today, the peoples of the United Nations mark the 50th anniversary of the only truly universal organization in humanity’s history. 50 years is a tiny drop in the stream of the centuries. But no other institution in history has gathered together so many political communities, no other has survived so many storms, no other has built such a promising foundation for the future, as has the United Nations.
In the United Nations was born the concept of peacekeeping, a permanent contribution to the all and to the age-old search for peaceful solutions. In the United Nations was heard proudly and clearly the voices of the poorest of the poor. Here the difficult issues of development have received the most productive attention. In the United Nations, the new nations of the world came to take their rightful place as member states. Here sovereignty and statute come together as the foundation stones of an emerging international community.
The peoples of the United Nations stand at the turning point in world affairs. On this anniversary, we commemorate and assess realistically a half-century of the United Nations’ existence. And on this day, we are duty-bound to deliberate on the cause to be taken by the world organization in its second half-century. Peace is an immediate concern, but the cause of development is essential to enduring success. It calls us to look beyond peace to organize and take action in the fields of economy, environment, social justice and democratization.
Let us learn from our setbacks. More importantly, let us build upon our successes, for there have been many successes in situation too complex or undramatic to gain wide attention, successes in slow and diligent effort to achieve progress visible only of the long term, and successes in major operations for peace, development and democracy which have not been given the recognition they merit.
We are gaining momentum. The United Nations provides the focus for the common global issues. Here is the machinery we can transform into a responsive instrument essential to the realization of humanity’s finest hopes.
课文词语 Words and Expressions from the Text
universal organization 全球性组织
the stream of the centuries 世纪的长河
age-old 长期的
member states 成员国
take one’s rightful place 取得合法席位
duty-bound 肩负重任的
foundation stones 基石
commemorate and assess 纪念并评价
build upon 依靠，以……为基础
learn from setbacks 前事不忘，后事之师
merit 应该得到
momentum 动力
responsive 灵敏的
II. 口译实践 Interpretation Practice
听译下列课文 Listen to the Following Passage and Interpret Them:
第一篇（英译汉） Passage I (E—C)
相关词语 Related Words and Expressions
pay tribute to 称赞，赞颂
gracious and eloquent remarks 热情而雄辩的讲话
toast 祝酒；祝酒词
common ground 共同点；共同之处
at the outset 开始；开端
at times 有时；间或
transcend 超过；超越
make compromise 妥协；做出让步
close the gulf between… 弥合……之间的鸿沟
in lockstep 紧密步伐；步伐完全一致
outside interference or domination 外来的干涉或统治
legacy 遗产；遗赠物
plague 使人痛苦，难受
cry out to be done 需要去做
be destined to 注定的，预定的
raise glasses to 为……而干杯
Mr. Prime Minister and all of your distinguished guests this evening，
On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.
Mr. Prime Minister, I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks. At this very moment through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other such occasion in the whole history of the world. Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world.
As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people; the American people are a great people. If our two people are enemies the future of this world we share together is dark indeed. But if we can find common ground to work together, the chance for world peace is immeasurably increased.
In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterized our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests, which transcend those differences. As we discuss our differences, neither of us will compromise our principles. But while we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.
So, let us, in these next five days, start a long march together, not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goal, the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation, large or small, has a right to determine its own form of government, free of outside interference or domination. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. What is the world? In a personal sense, I think of my eldest daughter whose birthday is today. As I think of her, I think of all the children in the world, in Asia, in Africa, in Europe, in the Americas, most of whom were born since the date of the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.
What legacy shall we leave our children? Are they destined to die for the hatreds which have plagued the old world, or are they destined to live because we had the vision to build a new world?
There is no reason for us to be enemies. Neither of us seeks the territory of the other; neither of us seeks domination over the other, neither of us seeks to stretch out our hands and rule the world.
Chairman Mao has written, “So many deeds cry out to be done, and always urgently; the world rolls on, time presses. Ten thousand years are too long, seize the day, seize the hour!”
This is the hour. This is the day for our two peoples to rise to the heights of greatness, which can build a new and a better world.
In that spirit, I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glasses to Chairman Mao, to Prime Minister Zhou, and to the friendship of the Chinese and American people, which can lead to friendship and peace for all people in the world.
第二篇（英译汉）Passage 2 （E—C）
相关词语 Related Words and Expressions
vice-chancellor 副校长
present one’s heartfelt congratulations to 向……表示衷心的祝贺
intellectual community 知识界
storehouse of knowledge 知识宝库
inheritance specific to… 对……特有的遗产
personal and civic conduct 个人行为和社会行为
underwrite 赞同；同意
free fearless enquiry 自由无畏的探究
a beacon of light 一座灯塔
fashion its tradition 形成自己的传统
elaborate and consolidate 发挥和巩固
a keystone 拱顶石；基础
Ladies and gentlemen,
Dear colleagues:
Because I am the Vice-Chancellor of the oldest of the foreign universities represented here today, I have been chosen to speak on their behalf. I am pleased to be their voice in presenting our heartfelt congratulations to the professors, teachers, researchers and students of Peking University on the 100th anniversary of its foundation.
Our universities form a great intellectual community round the world. Science has no nationality; knowledge belongs to everyone.
Our universities create new knowledge. They teach this knowledge, together with that of other universities and also the best of the great storehouse of knowledge, which those who came before us have uncovered, tested and accumulated.
All universities contribute to the prosperity and success of their country. They also conserve the culture and inheritance specific to their country’s civilization. But, they do more. Knowledge is secure only when it is hard won by the independent tests of accuracy, rational explanation and truth. So, when we teach our students skills, we also give them values. On the one side, these are values for personal and civic conduct. On the other side, these values underwrite the personal need for independent understanding, which is the source of human creativity.
These duties give universities a high responsibility. They are rooted in a great and fine tradition of honesty, free fearless enquiry and independence. Each university is a beacon of light in its own society and, by its association with its sisters; its knowledge and its values are spread wide.
A tradition is not built easily or quickly. During one hundred years, Peking University has been fashioning its tradition. Present and future members of the University! We hope to see you elaborate and consolidate your tradition. We hope to see you become a keystone of the intellectual community. In your next century, we hope to see you contribute to the international academic movement as a whole, as more and more of your numbers come to participate in the activities of your sister universities.
Congratulations, Peking University on your first century of achievement!
第三篇（汉译英） Passage 3 (C—E)
相关词语 Related Words and Expressions
向……转达诚挚的问候和良好的祝愿 convey to…the cordial greetings and best wishes
扩大共识 broaden common ground
重大问题 major issues
有识之士 persons of insight
战略眼光 a strategic perspective
恪守 abide by
联合公报 joint communiqué
携起手来 join hands together
总统先生，
克林顿夫人，
女士们，先生们：
我感谢克林顿总统的邀请，怀着愉快的心情对美国进行国事访问。我要借此机会，向伟大的美国人民转达十二亿中国人民的诚挚问候和良好祝愿。
十八年前，先生在这里郑重宣告：中美关系史上的一个新时代开始了。今天，我受中国人民的重托访问贵国，是为了增进了解，扩大共识，发展合作，共创未来，推动中美关系进入新的发展阶段。
二十一世纪即将来临，世界各国人民都期待着新世纪成为一个充满希望的世纪，我们这个星球成为人类和平、安宁、繁荣的家园。
中美两国都是世界上具有重要影响的国家。在新的国际形势下，中美之间的共同利益，不是在减少，而是在增加；合作潜力，不是在缩小，而是在扩大。在事关全人类生存与发展的重大问题上，两国有着广泛的共同利益，肩负着共同的责任。世界各国人民和有识之士，都在关注着中美关系发展的进程。
我们要站在历史的高度，用战略的眼光，审视和处理两国关系。在过去的四分之一世纪里，中美双方制定的三个联合公报，使我们得以扩大众多领域的交流与合作，妥善地处理两国之间的分歧。我相信，只要继续恪守三个联合公报确立的原则，中美关系就会稳定、健康地向前发展。
我希望，中美两国关系的发展，能够对世界上不同历史文化、不同社会制度、不同发展水平的国家相互尊重、和平共处、共同发展，起到积极的推动作用。
让我们两国人民携起手来，同世界各国人民一道，为开创一个和平、稳定和繁荣的新世纪而共同努力。请允许我再次衷心感谢总统先生对我们的热情欢迎。
第四篇（汉译英）Passage 4 (C—E)
相关词语 Related Words and Expressions
会议议题 agenda items
级会议 Ministerial Meeting
对……表示热情欢迎 extend warm welcome to…
缩影 epitome
东方明珠 Oriental Pearl
实现贸易投资自由化 achieve trade and investment liberalization
多边贸易 multilateral regime
前沿问题 frontier issue
经济可持续增长 sustainable economic growth
三方合作 tripartite cooperation
高峰会 high level meeting
注入活力 inject fresh vigor
结出丰硕成果 produce rich deliverables
配合；协作 collaboration
各位同事，女士们，先生们：
金秋10月，很高兴能与大家聚会上海，共同审议本届亚太经合组织（APEC）级会议的各项议题。我谨代表中国对各位的到来表示热烈的欢迎。
正如你们所见到的，作为中国经济社会快速发展的一个缩影，上海这一充满生机与活力的城市经过开发与建设，现代化建设日新月异，古老的“东方明珠”在新世纪正绽放出璀璨的光芒。
过去的10年，同样是亚太区域合作快速发展的10年，在此期间APEC取得了辉煌的成就。它制定了发达成员于2010年、发展中成员于2020年实现贸易投资自由化的茂物目标；创造了单边行动与集体行动相结合的合作方式；有力地推动了全球多边贸易的发展；开展了多种形式的经济技术合作活动。毋庸置疑，APEC已经成为亚太地区乃至世界上最重要的经济合作组织之一。它为亚太地区各成员领导人进行对话和交流提供了难得的场所，同时就全球和地区经济的前沿性问题进行讨论，在许多问题的框架制定上起到了引导方向的作用。因此，APEC对于保持亚太地区的和平与稳定，促进地区经济繁荣与发展，做出了积极的贡献。
APEC的成功发展，源于各成员希望通过合作实现经济持续增长的普遍愿望，也源于我们根据亚太地区的特点，遵循自主自愿、协商一致、灵活渐进的“APEC合作方式”，更源于APEC本身能够顺应全球和地区经济的最新发展，始终站在时代的前沿，与时俱进。
本次会议是APEC步入新世纪后的第一次级会议。我们面临着许多新的机遇与挑战。全球及亚太地区总体经济增长速度减缓，“9.11”恐怖主义袭击事件对经济的冲击已显现出来。如何促进增长，重振市场信心，是我们需要解决的头等大事。与此同时，经济全球化与新经济不断发展，为我们的地区和人民带来更多的利益与商机，但能否使各个群体都能获益，避免造成新的发展差距，也是我们必须面对的重要挑战。此外，多边贸易处在一个关键时刻，11月WTO多哈会议为世人所瞩目。APEC如何发挥它的独特作用，深化合作，保持地区经济的持续增长，这些都是我们需要加以探讨和解决的问题。
为此，我们将今年APEC会议的主题确定为“新世纪、新挑战：参与、合作，促进共同繁荣。”在今后的两天内，我们将围绕这一主题，就以下几个方面的问题进行讨论。
第一，推动贸易与投资。我们将在APEC范围内就如何为WTO第四届级会议做出贡献进一步交换意见，提出有关加强能力建设方面的具体建议；APEC为实现贸易投资自由化的目标而制定的单边行动计划、贸易便利化原则及其它新倡议将成为我们讨论的主要议题。
第二，使亚太地区从全球化和新经济中受益。我们将在APEC人力资源能力建设高峰会所取得的成果基础上探讨如何加强、学术界和工商界的三方合作；APEC在开展经济技术合作过程中应建立更为有效的参与机制；我们将同时就如何在新经济时代实现“数字APEC蓝图”提出设想与实施方案。
第三，促进亚太经济的可持续增长。我们希望通过我们的讨论，在应对目前宏观经济形势所面临的挑战方面扩大共识，采取切实的财政金融措施，稳定市场，恢复信心，促进增长，使APEC各成员的经济尽快走出经济放缓及“9.11事件”造成的阴影，重新走上持续稳定增长的道路。为此，我们将同财政们进一步合作，加强APEC成员间的宏观经济对话，并在金融领域的能力建设方面取得进展，为本地区经济的未来发展奠定坚实的基础。
同时，我们要进一步联系更广泛的社会群体，扩大与各界的交流与合作，使工商界、青年、妇女等真正体会到APEC开展的经济合作活动给他们所带来的益处。
各位同事，
秋天是收获的季节。经过我们的们在过去数月的努力工作，今年APEC的各项工作已基本就绪，我相信此次级会议的讨论必然能够在以上各个领域结出丰硕的果实，提交给今年的领导人会议。我希望我们的努力不仅能取得切实的成果，而且为APEC第二个10年的发展注入新的活力并规划出其未来前进的蓝图。
我期待着各位对中国作为会议的工作给予支持，在未来两天的会议里，充分发扬务实、灵活与合作的精神。我相信，在你们的积极配合下，本次会议一定能够取得成功。
谢谢大家。
第2单元 Unit 2
现代教育 Modern Education
I. 阅读材料 Reading Material
第一篇 Passage 1
Dropping the Line
College sophomore Dana Boulter had time to kill one sunny afternoon. So she spread out a blanket under a maple tree, turned on laptop computer and started surfing the Web. No messy wiring is required.
Here at Greenville College, as at a growing number of campuses, students can log on from almost anywhere ----- outdoors, in classrooms, in the basketball stands.
“It’s so nice here,” said Boulter, of Lincoln, Neb., checking stock quotes for an economics assignment. “I’m not confined in my campus.”
Laptop computers connected to wireless networks give students ultimate mobility: They can check e-mail, chat with friends and otherwise stay on the Net while they roam about campus.
“Students are the only group of people on college campuses who don’t have their own office,” said Richard Ridgeway, communications director at Buena Vista University in Storm Lake, Iowa. “Notebook computers make anywhere they are their office.”
Buena Vista, Drexel and Wake Forest are among the universities that began campus-wide wireless service this fall. Greenville started its program a year ago, as did Carnegie Mellon University. Mount St. Mary College in Newburgh, N. Y., introduced a slower form of wireless service in 1996.
Sure, the technology has drawbacks: the potential for greater security risks and congestion. Plus, laptop batteries last only a few hours, and students can goof off more easily in class.
But wireless networks also let students collaborate more naturally. And schools do not have to install access ports anywhere a student might conceivably want to work.
The technology is still cutting-edge at colleges and universities, which already tend to be leaders in Internet usage.
No one keeps figures. But Tony Mordosky, past president of the Association of Telecommunications Professionals in Higher Education, estimates that less than 5 percent of campuses are fully wireless.
Mordosky expects a wireless explosion in the next two to five years, similar to the growth of high-speed wiring in dormitories during the mid-1990s.
Scores of schools are already testing wireless technology or equipping specific buildings to supplement their traditional wired networks. The University of Nebraska-Lincoln recently equipped its student union. Business schools at Purdue and Vanderbilt went wireless over the past year, and the University of Kansas’s law school will do so soon.
The impetus: improvements in wireless speeds and reductions in prices in the past year or so.
A small college can now set up an entire campus for a few hundred thousand dollars—far less than the cost of upgrading older buildings or extending wiring to every classroom desk. Larger schools can do so for a few million dollars.
At Mount St. Mary, computer modems had been swamping the college’s phone network, but wiring dormitories with dedicated Net connections would have cost $150,000. The wireless route cost $30,000.
Greenville also found going wireless cheaper than extending wires to dormitory rooms located blocks away from campus. To cover the entire 26-acre campus except for one parking lot and some remote athletic fields, technicians installed 60 access boxes along the walls or ceilings. Those boxes are slightly bigger than a smoke detector, with one or two antennae the size of a pen.
A laptop-toting student who wants to connect can buy a wireless card for about $450 a semester.
When a student is within range, the laptop automatically connects with a nearby access point, sending and receiving Internet traffic at up to 11 megabits per second, or 200 times faster than speediest telephone modem. Traffic moves from that access point to central servers through regular wiring.
About half of Greenville’s 940 undergraduates have signed up. Though only a handful of schools across the country now issue or require laptops, Greenville will begin requiring them for incoming freshmen next year.
Greenville College President James Mannoia routinely listens to Brazilian newscasts through the Web as he strolls to his office carrying his laptop.
Some evenings, laptops light the main quad outdoors like giant fireflies.
Eric Weidmann, a freshman from Fridley, Minn., brought his laptop to the cafeteria one afternoon to download music files.
“What you do on the computer doesn’t always require a lot of thinking,” he said. “Now, I can talk to people without being in my room by myself.”
Michael Dixon’s classes are scattered throughout the day. During breaks, the sophomore is often in the snack bar, chatting online with his parents in Stockton, Calif., or even doing Web-aided homework.
During a class on computer basics, eight of 32 students surfed along on their laptops. One of them, senior B.J. Schneck liked the ability to go beyond the instructor’s demonstrations.
“It enhances the leaning experience,” Schneck said. “We were able to check on the same things he was working on as well as explore on our own.”
At Buena Vista, communications professor Paul Bowers had students collaborate in small groups to find online resources on political campaigns. Once professors tap into technology’s potential, he said, there “will be less lecturing and more students doing things on their own with teachers assisting them.”
But some students catch up on personal e-mail instead of paying attention.
Craig Boyd, a philosophy professor at Greenville, banned laptops last fall when he learned a student was checking baseball scores during class.
And unless all students have laptops, instructors cannot fully incorporate them into the curriculum. Buena Vista raised tuition about $1,000 a year, offset partly by financial aid, to buy wireless laptops for its1, 250 students. But where laptops are optional, are poorer students getting an equal education?
Wireless networks use frequencies separate from cell phones. They share an unregulated 2.4 Gigahertz frequency with microwave ovens, newer cordless phones and devices using an emerging Bluetooth standard. As wireless products get popular, interference could become a problem.
In the next few years, wireless networks will likely become commonplace at hotels, airport and some businesses, analysts say.
Wireless networking will become a $2.2 billion industry by 2003, nearly three times the $800 million this year, projects Stan Schatt, a vice president at Giga Information Group. This figure is on top of the business for cell phones.
课文词语 Words and Expressions from the Text
laptop 膝上电脑
quotes 报价
congestion 拥塞
ports 端口
goof off 打发时间
cutting-edge 创新；革新
impetus 推动力
antennae 天线
laptop-toting 背着手提电脑的学生
megabit 兆位
strolls 漫步
quad 院子
fireflies 萤火虫
offset 弥补，抵消
frequencies 频率
hertz 千兆赫
ovens 微波炉
第二篇Passage 2
Beijing University
The first university run by the Central Government of China was founded in 18, named originally Imperial University. It was a product of the Reform Movement of 18, which ushered in China's modern higher education. Since then it has been closely tied to the fate of the country.
In February 18, under the vigorous impetus of such noble-minded patriots of the Reform Movement as Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Emperor Guang Xu ordered the preparations to found a university. After its founding, the Imperial University inherited some of the duties of the Imperial College, the highest educational institution in feudal China, and it exercised control over the universities of the various provinces of the country. It therefore was not only the highest seat of learning, but the highest executive organ of education in the whole country as well. In 1912, the second year after the 1911 Revolution, the Imperial University changed its name to Beijing University, and the then well-known bourgeois reformist, enlightenment thinker and translator Yan Fu was appointed as the first president of Beijing University.
Over the past hundred years, the group of China's contemporary universities, with Beijing University as its stellar representative, has played a pioneering role in China's historical course towards modernization, forming a glorious revolutionary as well as an exemplary academic tradition.
In 1916, Cai Yuanpei, our country's well known democratic revolutionary, educator and thinker, was appointed president of Beijing University. He advanced this guiding principle for running a school:" to abide by the principle of freedom of thought and to adopt an all-embracing doctrine." He carried out an effective reform in Beijing University which promoted ideological liberation and academic prosperity. In 1917, Chen Duxiu, the initiator of a new cultural movement, was appointed head of Beijing liberal arts section. He moved New Youth magazine from Shanghai to Beijing, carrying out a vigorous attack on feudal thoughts. As a result, Beijing University became China's center of the new cultural movement in opposing old thinking and old culture of feudalism and advocating new thinking and a new culture.
In the great May fourth Patriotic Movement, it was Beijing University which first lighted the revolutionary torch of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism. As a new ideology and culture, Marxism was the first to achieve in Beijing University its primary stage of propagation in China. Professor Li Dazhao of Beida was the first Chinese who embraced and propagated Marxism. In the course of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party, the first members of Peking’s Party group consisted entirely of Beida people. Mao Zedong also received his enlightenment through Marxist education in Peking University.
As China's first earliest center of education and scientific research, Beijing University has gathered China's most brilliant specialists and scholars, continuously opened up, blazed new trails, engaged itself in reform and development for training high-quality talent and achieving high-level scientific fruits that deeply influenced and advanced the range of China's higher education. In 1903, the Imperial University sent its first group of 46 students to study abroad, an act which marked the beginning of China's higher institutions sending students to study abroad. In 1920, a contingent of three young women students were enrolled in Beijing University, an act which ushered in coeducation in China's institutions of higher learning. In addition, it was Beijing University which first taught Marxist theory, started aesthetic education and introduced Einstein's theory of relativity, which produced far-reaching influence in China's institutions of higher learning.
After the founding of New China, Beijing University became a university able to boast of its rich resources of the teaching staff and a most complete faculty of liberal arts, sciences and foreign languages. The teachers and students of the university have continued to bring creative initiative into full play and founded China's first atomic energy department. In the 60's, the university joined hands with other fraternal units and successfully developed artificially synthesized bovine insulin, which was the first instance in the world of using artificial means in the synthesis of a protein with biological energy. It produced profound theoretic and academic significance in the study of life sciences. In the eighties, Beijing University developed a computer-laser Chinese character editing and typesetting system, which enabled China's printing industry to end its history of lead and fire and step into a period of light and electricity. In the nineties, Beida Fangzheng has become an enterprise group, one producing the highest benefits among all China's institutions of higher learning.
For a hundred years, Beijing University and China's many other universities together have trained and raised generation after generation of high-quality talent. This university is closely linked with the fate of our country. Its centenary history serves almost as a history of rejuvenation that concentrated the ideology, culture, science and education of the nation. It is the glory of Beijing University as well as the pride of the Chinese nation.
课文词语 Words and Expressions from the Text
usher in… 以……为开端
Imperial University 京师大学堂
Imperial College 国子监（封建社会中国的最高学府）
The highest executive organ of education 最高教育行政管理机构
stellar representative 杰出代表
exemplary academic tradition 优良的学术传统
“to abide by the principle of freedom of thought “循思想自由原则、取兼容并包主义”
and to adopt an all-embracing doctrine.”
The initiator of a new cultural movement 新文化运动的倡导者
blaze new trails 开拓精神
artificially synthesized bovine insulin 人工合成牛胰岛素
Chinese character editing and typesetting system 汉字编辑排版系统
a history of rejuvenation 一部振兴历史
II．口译实践 Interpretation Practice
听译下列课文 Listen to the Following Passages and Interpret Them:
第一篇（英译汉）Passage 1 (E---C)
相关词语 Related Words and Expressions:
collidge 学院
nurse numbers of great people 培养大批伟人
get world wide admiration 誉满全球
endowment 资助
crimson 绯红的
lampoon 讽刺文学
award…degree 授予…学位
Finnish- American architect 芬兰籍美国建筑师
manuscript 手稿
biographer 传记作家
Among all American universities, Harvard and Yale University are the two oldest and most prestigious ones. In their long history, they have nursed numbers of great people and thus got world wild admiration
Harvard University began in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, when a college was set up by the Massachusetts General Court with a sum of 400 English pounds "for a schooled or collidge". The college gained the name Harvard in 1639 after an English clergyman, John Harvard, became one of the early financial supporters. Today Harvard has probably the world's biggest university endowment or private financial support fund. United States presidents who have graduated from Harvard include John F· Kennedy, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D· Roosevelt, John Quincy Adams and John Adams. The Harvard University library is also the oldest in the United States, containing more than 12 million volumes in its central, undergraduate and departmental collections. Harvard has had an important role in training Americans for national and public office and two important schools are the Harvard Law School and the John Fitzgerald Kennedy School of Government. Notable publications produced by Harvard include the Harvard Law Review and the humor magazine Harvard Lampoon. Harvard enrolment is just over 18,000.
Yale University was founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School in Branford, Connecticut. It was moved to its present site in New Haven in 1716. In 1718 it was named Yale College after Elihu Yale, an English merchant who earned his money from the East India trade. In 1861 Yale College awarded the first Doctor of Philosophy degree in the United States. The college officially became Yale University in 1887. Graduates have included the America presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George Bush and George W. Bush. The school of medicine was the first professional school to be set up at Yale in 1813. Some of its modern buildings were designed by the Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen who is a graduate of Yale. Yale library's 7.5 million volumes include collections of material relating to the American West, the manuscripts of the journals kept by 18th-century biographer James Boswell, and the papers of American author Gertrude Stein. Yale enrolment is about 11,000.랩
第二篇（英译汉）Passage 2 (E---C)
相关词语 Related words and expressions
alumna 女校友
alumnus 男校友
alumni 校友（复数）
civic origin 城市的起源
Sorbonne （巴黎）的索本神学院，巴黎大学的前身
teeming city 繁忙的城市
academia 学术界
culmination of an outstanding career 杰出事业的顶峰
barrister 律师
one-to-one tutorial 一带一导师制
academically rewarding 学术上受益
breeding ground 温床
cut their professional teeth 开始他们的职业生涯
classical music ensemble 古典乐团
rich, exalted history 丰富而声誉高的历史
For centuries, Oxford has been at Britain's intellectual heart, perhaps the most prestigious among Europe's many ancient universities. It lies only 50 miles from London, close to the centers of power—Parliament and the Law Courts. Oxford has attracted students and scholars from all over the world. They have gone on to achieve the highest positions in their own countries in politics, administration, science and the arts. Alumni include numerous eminent scientists, literary figures and such overseas politicians as American President Bill Clinton, Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and the Philippines’ President Gloria Arroyo.
Its civic origins go back to the Middle Ages. At that time, Oxford was a small town built on a mound of gravel between two deep rivers, the Thames and the Cherwell, at a place where oxen could ford the waters. As a place of learning Oxford's beginnings are equally distant. Legend has it that Alfred laid its foundations at the end of the ninth century. By the 12th century scholars were teaching in the town and their renown had spread to the Continent, particularly to the Sorbonne in Paris, then Europe's greatest center of learning. A group of English scholars left the French capital in 1167 to settle in Oxford and the place became a magnet for students and teachers from all over Britain. Today Oxford is a large, teeming city, but the cluster of ancient university buildings in the center—colleges, libraries, museums and administrative blocks –has remained largely untouched. While most old universities have modernized radically to accommodate their growing populations, Oxford has managed to expand while still preserving its traditional collegiate structure. The 36 existing colleges, varying from the older houses to the newest such as Green, are independent, self-governing institutions operating under the umbrella of the University of Oxford.
Few positions in academia are grander than being head of an Oxford college. Usually it is the culmination of an outstanding career and a reward for decades of public service. The post requires the combined talents of diplomat, administrator and academic. As Sir Roger Bannister, former Master of Pembroke College says:" Heading an Oxford college was a new challenge, you should recognize the needs and aspirations of the students and help to realize them. The three-year period students spend at Oxford is the most important of their lives; it shapes their future careers; the friendships they form will last for ever."
Every year in Oxford, among thousands of applicants, only a few hundred are chosen by each college through an increasingly competitive process. Once accepted, the undergraduates benefit from a range of traditional privileges. The most notable and the rarest of these is the one- to-one tutorial, at which a student presents his or her work to the tutor. The relationship of profound respect and trust that can develop between teacher and pupil over three years can be as lasting as it is academically rewarding. Years after students have left they return to their tutors for advice and guidance.
Parallel to their academic work, students can cultivate their particular talents and interests by joining a vast range of societies. Many of Britain's finest actors, actresses and theatre directors started their careers at the Oxford University Dramatic Society. The Oxford Union (short for the Oxford University Debating Society) has been a breeding ground for the country's political leaders and celebrated barristers. Debate topics there vary from politics, philosophy, religion and ethics to less lofty subjects. The list of famous politicians who cut their professional teeth here is endless, such as the British Prime Ministers Edward Heath and Margaret Thatcher, and the Prime Minister of other countries as well.
Another famous institution is the Oxford University Boat Club, founded in 1839. Each college has its own team of rowers, and the best among them are chosen to form the Oxford squad. Although boating is not usually a spectator sport, millions watch the annual duel between Oxford and Cambridge on television and tens of thousands more line the banks of the Thames.
Oxford has a rich musical life, too. Students who play an instrument are encouraged to develop their talents. Some form pop and rock music groups, playing at parties and dances, while others create classical music ensembles. The best musicians are invited to join the Oxford University Orchestra.
So generations of students, scholars and teachers come and go, each adding a layer to the university's rich, exalted history as Oxford shines everlasting.
第三篇（汉译英）Passage 3 (C—E)
相关词语 Related Words and Expressions
皇家园林 royal garden
滋润着一代代清华学子 inspired and motivated generations of Tsinghua students
国立清华大学 National Tsinghua University
多科性的大学 a polytechnic institution
工程技术 engineering
蓬勃发展 flourish
惊人的速度 a breath-taking pace
综合性的 comprehensive
独特的魅力 characteristic charm
治学严谨 rigorous scholarship research
中科院院士 Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
工程院 the Chinese Academy of Engineering
教育理念 educational doctrine
学术大师、兴业之才和治国之才outstanding scholars, eminent entrepreneurs and great statesmen
世界一流 world-class
自强不息、厚德载物 Self-discipline and Social Commitment
清华大学校园地处北京西北郊，是在几处清代皇家园林的遗址上发展而成的。清华校园周围高等学府和名园古迹林立。园内林木俊秀，水木清华，滋润着一代代清华学子。
清华大学的前身是清华学堂，始建于1911年。1912年，清华学堂更名为清华学校。1928年更名为"国立清华大学"，并于1929年秋开办研究院。中华人民共和国成立后，清华大学成为一所多科性的大学，重点是工程技术。 1978年以来，清华大学进入了一个蓬勃发展的新时期，恢复了理科、经济管理和人文科学等学科。清华以惊人的速度成为当代中国一所著名的综合性大学。
水清木华90载，清华散发着独特的魅力，这里治学严谨、学风浓郁，有着良好的学术水平和教学质量。清华大学现有教职工约7100人，其中中科院院士24名、中国工程院院士24名，正高级职务900余人，副高级职务1200余人。清华大学的教育理念是"培养具有为社会服务之健全品格"的人才。建校至今，她共培育了10多万名毕业生，其中包括一批又一批中华民族引以为自豪的学术大师、兴业之才和治国之才。清华大学一直是全国最优秀考生一心向往之的所在。目前，清华在校学生20000多名，其中本科生12000多名，硕士生6200多名，博士生2800多名。
在国家重点支持下，清华大学面临着前所未有的机遇。跻身二十一世纪世界一流大学行列已成为今天全体清华人的努力方向。在"自强不息、厚德载物"的精神的激励下，清华将为我们民族的富强奋斗不止。
第四篇（汉译英） Passage 4 (C---E)
相关词语 Related Words and Expressions
企业家，事业家 entrepreneur
毕业典礼 graduation ceremony
子 brain- washing
学校的自助餐厅 cafeteria
盛行 prevail
模拟培训 simulated training
聪明的，知晓的 savvy
工商管理硕士 MBA (master of business administration)
股东 shareholder
本能，直觉能力 instinct
竞技场，比赛场 arena
去年，北京大学为来自全国各地的200多名企业家创建了一所专门的培训学院。这些企业家也像其他学生一样，不是驾驶着豪华的轿车，而是骑着自行车来上课的。
在毕业典礼上，一位企业家说：“在知识经济时代，只有那些掌握了科学技术理论的人才能走在前边。 你可能拥有豪华轿车，但这并不意味着你拥有未来社会所需要的知识。重要的是要不断学习。”
这些企业家每周来上一次课，用他们的话说是来“”或“破除旧观念，获得新思路。” 授课教师是来自社会各行业的专家，课程内容主要是关于商业计划、市场营销、资金管理、企业发展策略以及职工培训方面的实例分析。
邓子强是松本电器公司的总裁，一个百万富翁，但在校期间，他表面上和其他学生没有什么区别，穿着蓝色牛仔裤，在学生自助餐厅用餐。虽然他现在事业上很成功，但他相信深造对于成功是所必不可少的。他说：“21世纪是规则和条例的世纪。如果你连游戏的规则都不懂，你就不可能取胜。”在六个月内，邓子强学完了他所选的九门课程，在参加营销和公共关系课期末考试时，他非常自信，一个小时就答完了本应三个小时做完的试题。
北京大学经济学院的副院长郑秀仪教授说：“企业家是中国市场经济的中坚，他们对学院开设的这种实例分析和模拟训练课程很感兴趣。” 郑教授指出，这些企业家们事业一开始都很成功，但现在都面临着一些进一步发展的问题。而学校里开设的课程将使他们对于现代商业的规则更加了解。
北京大学同时开设国际工商管理硕士课程。今年27岁的何正，是国际工商管理硕士班的一名学员，七岁时就跟着父亲学做生意。在大学四年间，他赚了第一个一百万。25岁时，他已经成为广州一家广告公司的大股东。他说过五十岁时他要成为十亿富翁。
何正具有做生意的天赋。他也承认他做决定大多依靠本能，而不是通过对经济指标的分析。他说，“我既不擅长金融事务，也不善于通过数据分析和商业模式进行管理。这些正是我需要改变的弱点。”
在新世纪里，企业家们面临着来自知识领域越来越激烈的竞争。要想跟上新观念、掌握新技术，在大学里进修是他们的最佳选择。
第3单元 Unit 3
国际会议 International Conferences
I. 阅读材料 Reading Materials
第一篇 Passage 1
The Nobel Lecture Given By The 2001 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Excellencies, Members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Today, in Afghanistan, a girl will be born. Her mother will hold her and feed her, comfort her and care for her – just as any mother would anywhere in the world. In these most basic acts of human nature, humanity knows no divisions. But to be born a girl in today’s Afghanistan is to live under conditions that many of us in this hall would consider inhuman.
No one today is unaware of this divide between the world’s rich and poor. No one today can claim ignorance of the cost that this divide imposes on the poor and dispossessed who are no less deserving of human dignity, fundamental freedoms, security, food and education than any of us. The cost, however, is not borne by them alone. Ultimately, it is borne by all of us --- North and South, rich and poor, men and women of all races and religions.
Today’s real borders are not between nations, but between powerful and powerless, free and fettered, privileged and humiliated. Today, no walls can separate humanitarian or human rights crises in one part of the world from national security crises in another.
Scientists tell us that the world of nature is so small and interdependent that a butterfly flapping its wings in the Amazon rainforest can generate a violent storm on the other side of the earth. This principle is known as the “Butterfly Effect.” Today, we realize, perhaps more than ever, that the world of human activity also has its own “Butterfly Effect” --- for better or for worse.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
We have entered the third millennium through a gate of fire. If today, after the horror of 11 September, we see better, and we see further --- we will realize that humanity is indivisible. New threats make no distinction between races, nations or regions. A new insecurity has entered every mind, regardless of wealth or status. A deeper awareness of the bonds that bind us all – in pain as in prosperity --- has gripped young and old. In the early beginnings of the 21st century this new reality can never be ignored. It must be confronted. We inherit from the 20th century the political, as well as the scientific and technological power, which --- if only we have the will to use them --- give us the chance to vanquish poverty, ignorance and disease.
In the 21st century I believe the mission of the United Nations will be defined by a new, more profound awareness of the sanctity and dignity of every human life, regardless of race or religion. This will require us to look beyond the framework of states, and beneath the surface of nations or communities. We must focus, as never before, on improving the conditions of the individual men and women who give the state or nation its richness and character. We must begin with the young Afghan girl, recognizing that saving that one life is to save humanity itself.
The rights of the individual are of no less importance to immigrants or minorities in Europe and the Americas than to women in Afghanistan or children in Africa. They are as fundamental to the poor as to the rich; they are as necessary to the security of the developed world as to that of the developing world.
From this vision of the role of the United Nations in the next century flow three key priorities for the future: eradicating poverty, preventing conflict, and promoting democracy. Only in a world that is rid of poverty can all men and women make the most of their abilities. Only when individual rights are respected can differences be channeled politically and resolved peacefully. Only in a democratic environment, based on respect for diversity and dialogue, can individual self-expression and self-government be secured, and freedom of association be upheld.
Distinguished guests,
The idea that there is one people in possession of the truth, one answer to the world’s ills, or one solution to humanity’s needs, has done untold harm throughout history ---- especially in the last century. Today, however, even amidst continuing ethnic conflict around the world, there is a growing understanding that human diversity is both the reality that makes dialogue necessary, and the very basis for that dialogue.
We understand, as never before, that each of us is fully worthy of the respect and dignity essential to our common humanity. We recognize that we are the products of many cultures, traditions and memories; that mutual respect allows us to study and learn from other cultures; and that we gain strength by combining the foreign with the familiar.
In every great faith and tradition one can find the values of tolerance and mutual understanding. The Qur’an, for example, tells us “We created you from a single pair of male and female and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each other.” Confucius urged his followers: “When the good way prevails in the state, speak boldly and act boldly. When the state has lost its way, act boldly and speak softly.” In the Jewish tradition, the injunction to “love thy neighbor as thyself,” is considered to be the very essence of the Torah.
This thought is reflected in the Christian Gospel, which also teaches us to love our enemies and pray for those who wish to persecute us. Hindus are taught that “truth is one, the sages give it various names.” And in the Buddhist tradition, individuals are urged to act with compassion in every facet of life.
Each of us has the right to take pride in our particular faith or heritage. But the notion that what is ours is necessarily in conflict with what is both false and dangerous. It has resulted in endless enmity and conflict, leading men to commit the greatest of crimes in the name of a higher power.
It need not be so. People of different religions and cultures live side by side in almost every part of the world, and most of us have overlapping identities which unite us with different groups. We can love what we are, without hating what – and who – we are not. We can thrive in our own tradition, even as we learn from others, and come to respect their teachings.
Thank you very much.
Oslo, December 10, 2001
课文词语 Words and Expressions from the Text
the poor and dispossessed 被剥夺的穷人
fetter 束缚
Butterfly Effect 蝴蝶效应
for better or for worse 不管怎么说
sanctity 神圣
channel （通过某种渠道）输送，传送
freedom of association 交往自由
injunction 训谕
Torah 《旧约》的首五卷；摩西五经
Gospel 《福音书》
Hindu 印度教的信仰者
sage 圣人；圣贤
facet 方面
enmity 敌意；仇恨
第二篇Passage 2
Opening Remarks by Finnish President Tarja Halonen at the Millennium Summit
September 6, 2000
Mr. President,
Mr. Secretary-General,
Distinguished Heads of State and Government,
Excellencies,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
We meet today at the United Nations to celebrate the new millennium and to declare our vision for the future. We have come together sent by the peoples of our common globe. We have a mandate and a responsibility. Our vision carries particular authority. It will resonate for years to come and guide the efforts of the international community.
We have a task and we need to fulfill it. Our task is threefold: we need to meet the demands of the outside world; we need to clarify the role of the UN in the world affairs and we need to change the UN to be a modern effective organization.
The world outside this building is changing with an ever-greater speed. Humankind faces both daunting challenges and unprecedented opportunities. We need to act together to address globalization. We must make best of the opportunities and face the challenges with wisdom, justice and courage. It is our responsibility to save the environment-our common heritage-to the future generations.
Human being is in the center of our work. Every human being is valuable. We need to work together as fellow citizens and partners: women and men, black and white, children and adults, rich and poor, strong and weak.
I salute you, Mr. Secretary-General, for your report which has been valuable in inspiring the Millennium Declaration. The overriding theme of your report is globalization, which in itself is an embodiment of the challenges, opportunities and rapid change. We know the causes and many of the consequences of globalization. This gives us an opportunity to influence the change for the better. This is the core of your report and the resolute message of our Declaration.
We the peoples make the critical choices. A global marketplace is an effective means of creating and distributing wealth, but it must be governed by a fair set of rules, by the people and for the people. Also at the national level, the key to development and progress is democracy, respect for human rights, rule of law and good governance. Without a solid domestic foundation, a country will fail even under the best of global rules.
Our planet is a global village, but not all the houses are alike. This village suffers from poverty. To eradicate poverty, we need solidarity. Solidarity grows from individuals.
There is a continued need for multilateralism. In an interdependent world, no nation is an island and everybody’s fortunes are linked. The United Nations is the stronghold of multilateralism and should continue to be so. This Millennium summit is the moment to reflect on the future of the United Nations. The United Nations is often the only one out in the field to assist, to advise and to build institutions. It is imperative that the Member States give it the means and resources that enable the Organization to fulfill its mandate.
We cannot expect the United Nations to accomplish everything alone. To be successful and credible it must act in partnership with other Organizations and with the civil society. We must make the Organization reflect the world as it is today.
I have thus declared the Millennium Summit open. Let us feel the humility and a sense of history of this moment. Let us turn this into an event which will make a difference. Let us also use to the fullest the opportunity to meet together and bilaterally, and to reach a meeting of minds, Let us feel our responsibility towards our fellow citizens, We have the means if we have the will. Let us make this Millennium Summit a great success!
课文词语 Words and Expressions from the Text
Heads of State and Government 国家元首和首脑
mandate 授权
to resonate 回响；反响
threefold 三部分的；三重的
daunting challenges 严峻的挑战
to address 应对；处理
embodiment 体现；化身
multilateralism 多边主义
to reflect on 考虑；深思
the civil society 民间团体
humility 谦逊；谦恭
a meeting of minds 意见一致
II．口译实践 Interpretation Practice
听译下列课文 Listen to the Following Passages and Interpret Them:
第一篇（英译汉） Passage 1（E—C）
相关词语 Related Words and Expressions
vow 发誓；立誓
relieve poverty 济贫
eke by 竭力维持
altruism 利他主义
breed 滋生；产生
holdings 拥有的财产（尤指股票、债券）
gaping differences 巨大差异
MONTERREY, Mexico (AP) - After decades of cutbacks in aid to the developing world, rich nations have agreed to pump billions of dollars into poor countries in exchange for their efforts to stabilize their governments and economies.
More than 50 heads of state wrapped up a weeklong U.N. International Conference on Financing for Development on Friday, agreeing to do more for the half of the world's population that ekes by on less than $2 a day.
Leaders said providing aid is no longer a matter of altruism. They argued that richer nations make better markets for their products - and breed fewer terrorists.
"We will challenge the poverty and hopelessness and lack of education and failed governments that too often allow conditions that terrorists can seize and try to turn to their advantage," said President Bush.
"We must do more than just feel good about what we are doing," he said. "We must do good."
Tunisian President Ben Ali said the world would not live in peace until poverty is eradicated.
"Peace and security cannot prevail worldwide unless all forms of poverty, marginalization and exclusion are eliminated," he said.
Even business leaders, who participated in the conference, seemed to agree. Carlos Slim, whose telecommunications and retail holdings make him the richest man in Latin America, told reporters Friday night: "The poor aren't a market. You have to end poverty to strengthen markets." "This isn't charity," he said.
The summit was the first to bring together heads of state, finance ministers, business leaders, aid activists and international lending institutions to address reducing extreme poverty.
Leaders closed the meeting by adopting the "Monterrey Consensus," a preapproved agreement that urges rich nations to give billions more dollars in aid and calls for poor countries in return to battle corruption, adopt solid economic practices and spend the funds efficiently.
Other such summits have drawn bloody protests, but the streets of this conservative industrial city have been largely quiet this week.
"It seems to me that in recent times there has not been a meeting of this type that has turned out so peacefully," Mexican President Vicente Fox said Friday after the summit.
Activists say part of the reason there weren't larger protests was that the leaders are now discussing the issues they have long been pushing, but they warned if their words are not backed by action, demonstrators will return to the streets.
Many nations still have gaping differences in their interpretations of the "new partnership." Rich nations want to rely heavily on private investment to bring wealth to the developing world, while some poor countries say the rich owe it to them to make up for centuries of colonialism, subjugation and slavery.
The Monterrey Consensus didn't go as far as many activists --- and even some governments - had urged. An early proposal called for developed nations to devote 0.7 percent of their gross national product --- the value of all goods and services --- to development aid. The final document mentioned that figure only as a goal to work toward, without giving a timetable.
The consensus also placed heavy responsibilities on poor countries receiving aid, committing them to work toward increasing investment in their economies and toward greater political and economic stability.
第二篇（英译汉） Passage 2（E—C）
相关词语 Related Words and Expressions
action agenda 行动纲领
Plan of Implementation 《执行计划》
NGO：Non-Government Organization 非组织
partnership initiatives 合作计划
proceedings 会议事项
phase in (out) 逐步采用（淘汰）
bolster 支持
desertification 沙漠化
biodiversity 生物多样性
ozone depleting chemicals 破坏臭氧层的化学物质
In the face of growing poverty and increasing environment degradation, the World Summit has succeeded in generating a sense of urgency, commitments for action, and partnerships to achieve measurable results, according to Johannesburg Summit Secretary --- General Nitin Desai.
The Summit is expected to adopt the ten-chapter Plan of Implementation, aimed at detailing the actions needed to fight poverty and protect the environment, at its final session tomorrow. The document was negotiated in meetings held in New York, Bali, and finally Johannesburg.
By any standard, participation and interest in the Summit has been high. The 104 Heads of State and Government that took part in the Summit were joined by more than 21,000 people, including more than 9,000 delegates, 8,000 NGOs and 4,000 members of the press.
As a result of the summit, governments agreed on a series of commitments in five priority areas that were backed up by specific government announcements on programs, and by partnership initiatives. More than 220 partnerships, representing $235 million in resources, were identified during the Summit process to complement the government commitments, and many more were announced outside of the formal Summit proceedings.
For example, Desai said, for water and sanitation, countries agreed to commit themselves to halve the proportion of people who lack clean water and proper sanitation by 2015. These commitments were backed up by a United States announcement of an investment of $970 million in water projects over the next three years, and a European Union announcement to engage in partnerships to meet the new goals, primarily in Africa and Central Asia. The UN received 21 other partnership initiatives in this area with at least $20 million in extra resources.
In energy, Desai said countries committed themselves to expanding access to the two billion people that do not have access to modern energy services. In addition, he added that while countries did not agree on a target for phasing in renewable energy, they did commit to green energy and the phase out of subsidies for types of energy that are not consistent with sustainable development. And to bolster these commitments, a group of nine major electric companies signed agreements to undertake sustainable energy project in developing countries. In addition, the EU announced a $700 million partnership initiative on energy and the US announced investment of up to $43 million for energy in 2003.
On health issues, in addition to fight HIV/AIDS and reduce water borne diseases, and the health risks due to pollution, countries agreed to phase out, by 2020, the use and production of chemicals that harm human health and the environment.
Proposals for the Global Environment Facility to fund implementation of the Convention to Combat Desertification have already been adopted, and will have a major impact on improving agricultural practices in the dry lands. The United States said it would invest $90 million in 2003 for sustainable agriculture and 17 partnership submissions to the UN contained at least $2 million in additional resources.
There were many commitments made to project biodiversity and improve ecosystem management, Desai said. These include commitments to reduce biodiversity loss by 2010; to restore fisheries to their maximum sustainable yields by 2015; to establish a representative network of marine protected areas by 2012; and to improve developing countries’ access to environmentally-sound alternatives to ozone depleting chemicals by 2010. These commitments are supported by 32 partnership initiatives submitted to the UN, with $100 million in additional resources, and a US announcement of $53 million for forest management in 2002-2005.
“It’s impossible to know how many resources the Summit has mobilized,” Desai said, “but we know they are substantial. Furthermore, many of the new resources will attract additional resources that will greatly enhance our efforts to take sustainable development to the next level, where it will benefit more people and protect more of our environment.
第三篇（汉译英） Passage 3（C---E）
相关词语 Related Words and Expressions
博鳌亚洲论坛 Boao Forum for Asia
方兴未艾 go ahead with full stream
区域合作 regional cooperation
次区域合作 sub-regional cooperation
泛亚合作 pan-Asian cooperation
自我封闭 self-reclusive
排他性集团 exclusive groups
福祉 benefits
非关税壁垒 non-tariff barriers
各位来宾、各位朋友，女士们，先生们：
我很高兴参加博鳌亚洲论坛首次年会。我愿意与大家共同探讨新世纪新亚洲区域合作与发展的问题。
亚洲是地球上最大的洲，聚居着世界60％的人口。资源十分丰富，历史源远流长，文化博大精深。上个世纪中 ，亚洲的巨变和崛起，谱写了亚洲发展的辉煌篇章，也成为人类社会进步的显著标志。展望新世纪，曾经拥有光辉灿烂历史的亚洲，必将创造出更加绚丽多彩的文明 。
近年来，在亚洲国家共同努力下，包容、平等和渐进的地区合作意识日益增强，开放、健康和互利的合作局面正在形成。亚太经合组织不断发展，东亚区域合作方兴未艾，“上海合作组织”顺利运转。去年11月，我国与东盟国家一致同意今后10年内逐步建立中国－东盟自由贸易区，有关方面正就启动谈判进行接触。这些将为亚洲国家和地区扩大交流、深化合作，提供重要渠道和机制。但是，与欧洲和北美区域合作相比，亚洲区域合作相对落后。一段时间以来，许多方面对亚洲区域合作的发展方向提出不少独到见解。这里，我谈几点看法：
第一，以经济合作为重点，逐步拓展全方位合作。发展经济是亚洲各国的首要任务。从实际需要和实践看，可以把贸易、交通、农业、信息、能源作为优先合作领域，并逐步向其他领域扩展。
第二，立足现有合作渠道，不断扩大合作范围。东亚、 南亚、西亚和中亚地理上相对，经济发展各有特色。从便利性和有效性看，应首先加强次区域合作，在此基础上，积极探索泛亚合作的途径。
第三，进一步拓展双边合作，增强区域合作的基础。加强双边合作，有利于推动地区合作的顺利发展。区域合作也有利于为双边开辟更广阔的空间。两者可以形成良性互动。
第四，实行开放式地区合作。开放是亚洲文化的传统， 合作不可能自我封闭，更不应形成排他性集团。亚洲国家应通过APEC、亚欧会议和东亚－拉美合作论坛等渠道，进一步加强与各大洲国家的合作。
中国是亚洲的一员。二十年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，加速国民经济发展，促进人民生活改善。随着新世纪的到来，中国现代化建设进入了新的阶段，国民经济将以每年增长7％以上的速度持续向前发展。中国改革开放和现代化建设的新跨越，不仅将给中国人民带来巨大福祉，也必将提供无限商机，为亚洲和世界经济合作开辟新的广阔空间。
加入世贸组织，是中国对外开放的新起点。我们将在更大范围和更深程度上参与国际经济合作与竞争。中国将进一步向亚洲和世界开放，向各国的企业家、投资者开放。我们恪守入世承诺，有步骤地扩大开放领域，降低关税水平，取消非关税壁垒。我们也将不断完善法治， 创造更加公平、透明和可预见的市场环境。同时，我们还将大力实施“走出去”战略，鼓励中国各种所有制企业走向世界。
中国人民热爱和平，中国的发展需要和平。中国经济的发展，不会对任何国家和地区构成威胁。无论现在还是将来，中国始终是维护世界和平、促进共同发展的重要力量。
亚洲人民勤劳智慧，自强不息，这是亚洲过去取得辉煌成就和创造灿烂明天的重要法宝。中国人民愿与亚洲各国人民一道，携手共创新世纪亚洲的美好未来。
第四篇（汉译英） Passage 4（C----E）
相关词语 Related Words and Expressions:
国际奥委会 IOC (International Olympic Committee)
坚定支持 stand firmly behind
申请举办2008年国际奥运会 bid for the 2008 Olympic Games
评估团 Evaluation Commission
信守所有承诺 honor each and every commitment
陈述报告 Candidature File
奥委会各项号召和活动 IOC initiatives
忠实支持者 a staunch supporter
全民健身运动 “fitness-for-all” sports campaign
预期寿命 life expectancy
体育设施 sports facilities
奥林匹克友谊合作基金 Olympic Friendship and Co-operation Fund
同胞 fellow countrymen
衷心地 from the bottom of one’s heart
长期期待的愿望 long-cherished aspirations
先生，国际奥委会的委员们，女士们，先生们，
我代表中国再次确认中国坚定支持北京申请举办2008年国际奥运会的立场。
中国尊重并赞赏国际奥委会评估团所做的评估报告。我们据此已制定了在北京举办一次出色奥运会的规划。中国将信守在北京陈述报告中所作的所有承诺，并将尽一切努力帮助北京实现其承诺。
中国拥护奥林匹克精神，是奥委会各项号召和活动的忠实支持者。
在过去的半个世纪里，由于开展了全民健身运动及其他方面的因素，我国人民的健康水平有了很大提高，人民的平均预期寿命已从35岁增加到70岁。我们的运动员在国际奥委会举办的重大比赛中都有出色的表现。
为了传播奥林匹克精神，中国同时也帮助其他发展中国家，完善其体育设施，例如我们已经帮助他们建设了36座体育场馆，我们今后还将继续这样做。
女士们，先生们，我希望借此机会向你们保证，如果此次奥运会发生盈余，我们将用它来建立一个奥林匹克友谊合作基金，来帮助发展中国家的体育事业。如果发生赤字，将由中国承担。
在过去20年改革开放的过程中，中国已成为世界上经济增长最快的国家之一，我们将继续保持政治稳定、社会进步和经济繁荣。
在北京举办奥运会不仅有利于中国人民，也有利于传播奥林匹克精神，为世界的和平、友谊、稳定和发展做出贡献。
全世界很多人都有这样一个梦想，他们希望有朝一日能来到中国并访问北京，我的同胞也有在中国举办一次出色奥运会的强烈渴望，并将其看作是对奥林匹克运动及其历史的一个重大贡献。我衷心地希望尊敬的奥委会委员们，能帮助他们实现这一长期期待的愿望。
我国先圣孔子说过，“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？”2008年如能在北京热烈欢迎各位客人，这将是我们最喜悦的盛事。我相信，届时你们将会在北京看到一次伟大的奥运会。谢谢！下载本文
