一、中考重点知识讲解
我们把在句子当中起名词、形容词或副词作用,充当谓语之外的其它句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词。
中考中出现频率较高的知识点:
1.stop to do sth. 和stop doing sth.
“stop to do sth.” 表示停止做其它事情而去做“to do sth.”所表示的事情,可以将“to do sth.”理解成“stop”的目的状语;“stop doing sth.”表示不做“doing sth.”所表示的事情。
例如: “Stop talking. Let’s begin our class.” said the teacher. 老师说:“别说话了,让我们开始上课。”
We have kept doing our homework for a long time. Let’s stop to listen to music. 我们做家庭作业很长时间了,让我们停下来听听音乐。
1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _________on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting
C. to rest D. rest
2.forget to do sth.和forget doing sth. (remember to do sth. 和remember doing sth.)
“forget to do sth.”表示将来不要忘记做某事,谈的是未来的事情;“forget doing sth.”表示忘记过去应该做的事情。
例如: “Don’t forget to do your homework.” said the teacher before the class was over.
老师在下课前说:“不要忘记做家庭作业。”
1. She didn’t remember ___________ him before.
A.having met B.have met
C.to meet D.to having met
3.have sth. done.(过去分词)(让别人)做某事
例如:I had my hair cut yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午理了发。
My computer can not work now. I must have it repaired. 我的电脑有故障了,我必须让人修好它。
——Good morning. Can I help you?
——I’d like to have this package ___________, madam.
A.be weighed B.to be weighed
C.to weigh D.weighed
39. ——Can I help you?
——I’d like to have the shoes ________, for they are a bit smaller.
A.changing B.changed
C.to be changing D.be changed
4. 感官动词后接不带to的不定式或者现在分词的区别
例如:see sb. do sth.看见某人(经常)做某事 和see sb. doing sth.看见某人(正在)做某事
I often see him do exercise in the morning. 我经常在早晨看见他锻炼身体。
When I was walking in the park, I saw him drawing a picture there. 当我在公园散步的时候,我看见他正在那里画画。
1. They knew her very well. They had seen her _________ up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow
2 The next morning she found the man _______ in bed, dead.
A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying
5. 在主动语态中,感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch等)和使役动词(make, have, let等)要求接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,而在被动语态里,不定式要带上to。
例如:The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day.
The workers were made to work 10 hours a day.
She was heard to use strong language. 听说她骂人了。
22. The missing boys were last seen __________ near the river.
A.playing B.to be playing
C.play D.to play
15. John was made __________the truck for a week as a punishment.
A.to wash B.washing
C.wash D.to be washing
二、非谓语动词全面总结
(一).后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况
1.动词: finish doing sth.完成做某事;enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事;practice doing sth. 练习做某事;imagine doing,想象做某事;avoid doing sth.避免做某事;consider doing sth.考虑做某事;suggest doing sth.建议做某事;mind doing sth.介意做某事; keep doing sth.持续做某事
2.固定短语: feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事;be busy doing sth.忙于做某事;be worth doing 值得做某事;spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事; have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难;have fun doing.做某事高兴
3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)
如:be good at doing sth.;thank you for doing sth.;give up doing sth.;stop sb. from doing sth.;do well in doing sth.;be afraid of doing sth.;be interested in doing sth.;be proud of;instead of;be fond of
4.to作介词的情况look forward to doing sth期望做某事; prefer doing sth. to doing sth与…相比较更喜欢…; pay attention to doing注意做某事; be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事;make a contribution to为…做贡献
(二).后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况
1.动词:agree to do同意去做;afford to do买得起;decide to do决定去做某事;hope to do希望去做;wish to do希望去做;fail to do做某事失败去;plan to do打算去做;pretend to do假装去做; refuse to do拒绝去做;would like to do想要去做;want to do想要去做某事;learn to do 学做;prefer to do sth. 喜欢(爱)做某事;sb. seem to do sth好像做某事;want/would like to do sth. 想做……;used to do sth. 过去常做某事
2.句型.
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事
asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去(不要)做某事
follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事
get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事)
be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
be excited to do sth. 对做……感到兴奋
be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事
be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事
be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事
be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉
be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇
can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事
get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)怎么样
It’s +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.
It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)
It’s best for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的
It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
too…(for sb.) to …太……以致不能…… ==not… enough to do
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿……而不愿……(常考)
something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西(词不定式放在something等后修饰这些
Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易
take turns to do sth. 轮流做……
There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 对(某人来说)没时间做某事了
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事
try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事
(三)、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况:
1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词
有些动词接doing和to do意义相近像like(喜欢),love(喜欢),hate(憎恨),prefer(宁可),begin(开始),start(开始),continue(继续)。如:等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大:如:like to do表示想要做某一具体的动作 like dong表示一般或抽象的多次动作 它们在实际使用中区别很小。
2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词:
remember to do(记住去做) remember doing(记得做过)
forget to do(忘记去做) forget doing(忘记做过)
try to do(设法做) try doing(试着做)
go on to do(接着做另一事) go on doing(继续做同一事)
stop to do(停下来去做) stop doing(停止做)
can’t help to do(不能帮助做) can’t help doing(情不自禁做)
(四)、后跟不带to的不定式(动词原形)的情况。
1.在感官动词和使役动词后
feel, hear,listen to,watch,look at,see, notice ,make,let,have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。注意:将此句改为被动句时,省去的不定式符号to应加上。 在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时,既可带to,也可不带to。
2.助动词或情态动词后:
do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。
3.某些固定句型中
1)Will(Would)you please(not)...?请(不要)做某事好吗?
2)had better最好做某事
3)Why not...?为何不做某事
4) would rather(not)...宁可(不);宁愿(不)此句型也可以扩展成:would rather...than...=would...rather than...。
5)在祈使语气(或口语)中。
(五).既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况。
see,watch,hear等动词,后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式,跟原形时表示做过或经常做,跟动名词时表示正在做。
see/watch sb. do sth.看到某人做过(经常做)某事 see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事
hear sb. do sth.听到某人做过(经常做)某事 hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事
基础题:
( )1.—What about going to the net bar this weekend?
—I’d love to, but my mother often lets me_____ there.
A.to go B.not to go C.go D.not go
( )2.—How about going shopping this weekend?
—Sorry, dear. I prefer_to do _____rather than__do____.
Prefer doing to doing
A.to stay at home;go out B.to go out;stay at home
C.going out; stay at home D.staying at home;og out
( )3.Your father is sleeping. You’d better______.
A.not to wake him up B.not wake him up
C.not wake up him D.not to wake up him
( )4.tom likes cars. He enjoys_____model cars of all kinds.
A.collects B.collceting C.to collect D.collected
( )5.The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers_______halfway. Make sb do
A.stop B.to stop C.stopping D.stopped
( )6.Jim spent three years (in )_____Chinese before he came to China.
A.learned B.to learn C.learning
( )7. My mother asked me_______in bed.
A.not read B.not to read C.not reading
( )8. I’ll give a talk tomorrow. I’m thinking about_______.
A.what to say B.how to say C.what can I say D.how can I say
( )9. Before 2008 we will finish____the Olympic Park.
A.build B.built C.building D.to build
( )10. We have worked for three hours. Now let’s stop_______a rest. Have a rest
A.had B.have C.to have D.having
( )11.—Bob speaks chinese quite well.
—Yes, so he does. He practises______Chinese every day.
Practise +doing
A. speaking B. speak C. speaks D. spoke
( )12.—Is Wei Fang good at singing?
Yes, she is. We often hear her______in the next room.
A.to sing B.sings C.sing D.sany
( )13.—Look! This sweater is beautiful.
—_______? Why not +do
A.Why not trying it on B.Why not try on it
C.Why not try it on D.Why not trying on it
( )14. The headmaster told us______ at the Science museum on time.
A.arrive B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving
( )15.)We are often told_____at people in trouble.
A.not to smile B.to smile C.not to laugh D.to laugh
( )16. Mother asks me_____computer games before finishing my homework.
A.not play B.to play C.not to play D.to not play
( )17. On her way home, Lucy saw a thief______in a shop.
She stopped_______110 at once.
A.steal;call B.to steal;call C.stealing;to call d.stealing;calling
( )18. In recent years, many children are made______what they are not_____.
A.to do;interested in B.to do; interested
C.do;interested D.do;interested in
( )19.The box is too heavy for me____.
A.carrying B.carries C.carry D.to carry
( )20.—What happened to the thief later?
—The King had him______ the next day.
A.hung B.hanged C.hang D.hanging
( )21.—would you like to drink some juice?
—thanks.______, but I have drunk a lot of tea.
A.I’d love to B.I think so
C.I’m afraid not D.I don’t think so
( )22.the youn man is _______carry that heavy bag.
A.strong enough to B.enough strong to
C.not strong enough D.strong enough
( )23.—Tom, have you seen your brother?
—Oh, I saw him______ basketball on the playground on my way home.
A.to play B.plays C.playing d.played
( )24.Look! There are many old people______Chinese Kongfu(功夫)in Longtan Park.____ happy they are!
A. practise;How B. are practising;How
c. practising;How D. practisign;What
( )25.—Mum, I’m hungry.
—What about going to McDonald’s______ fried chicken?
A.eat B.to eat C.eating D.and eat
参:
DABBA CBACC; ACCCC; CCADB; AACCB
拔高题:
1.No one enjoys _____ at.
A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed
2.You must do something to prevent your house__________ .
A. to be broken in B. from being broken in C. to break in D. from breaking in
3.They insisted on _________another chance to try.
A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given
4.—Where is my passport? I remember________ it here.
—You shouldn't have left it here. Remember____________ it with you all the time.
A. to put;to take B. putting;taking C. putting;to take D. to put;taking
5.His room needs _______ , so he must have it_________.
A. painting; painted B. painted; painting
C. painting; painting D. painted; painted
6.The young trees we planted last week require ________with great care.
A. looking after B. to look after C. to be looked after D .taken good care of
7. A policeman saw two thieves ____ a girl’s mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once.
A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen
8.She returned home only to find the door open and something _________ .
A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed
9.She decided to devote herself ______the problem of old age.
A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study
10.It took the workmen only two hours to finish ________ my car.
A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired
11.It's no good ________ over split milk.
A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry
12. Have you forgotten ___________$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _________ it tomorrow?
A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring
C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing ; bringing
13. The classroom wants __________.
A. clean B. cleaned C .to clean D. cleaning
14. Jack said that he wouldn't mind ___________ for us.
A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited
15. My brother keeps _________ me with my work.
A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped
16.We should often practise _________ English with each other.
A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking
17.Keep on _________ and you will succeed.
A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying
18.His parents insist on ____________ to college.
A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go
19.The story was so funny that we ___________.
A. couldn't help laugh B. can't but laugh
C. couldn't help laughing D. couldn't help but to laugh
20.What about _________ to the concert with us ?
A. we go B. we going C. going D. to go
21.__________ clean is a safeguard against disease.
A. To be keeping B. Kept C. Keep D. Keeping
22.Seeing is _________.
A. to believe B. believing C. believed D. being believed
23.The scientist suggested ____ the experiment in a different way.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
24.Don't forget _____ this book to John when you see him.
A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning
25.Only one of these books is _____.
A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worth of reading D. worth reading
26.We are both looking forward to _____ next week.
A. going on vacation B. go on vacation
C. be going on vacation D. have gone on vacation
27.He had no difficulty _____ the problems.
A. working out B. having worked out C. to have worked out D. to work out
28.I regretted _____ that to her.
A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. /
29. The secretary worked late into the night , ________ a long speech for the president .
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
30. Don’t have the machine ________ all the time . It will go wrong .
A. to run B. running C. been run D. run
参:
1- 5 CBCC A 6-10 A BC C A 11-15 B A DC C 16-20 DDCCC
21-25. D BCBD 26-30 A A A BB 下载本文