一、 直接引语与间接引语
说话人直接引用别人的原话叫直接引语。说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来叫间接引语。
(一) 如何变人称：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said,“My brother wants to go with me.”
→ She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate,“How is your sister now?”
→ He asked Kate how her sister was then.
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”
→ Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.
(二) 如何变时态：(仅限于主句的谓语动词是一般过去时)
直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。
直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时 如：
1) She said,“I have lost a pen.”→ She said she had lost a pen.
2) She said,“We hope so.”→ She said they hoped so.
3) She said,“He will go to see his friend.”→ She said he would go to see his friend.
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
① 直接引语是客观真理、引用格言时。
“The earth moves around the sun.” the teacher told me.
→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun
② 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said,“John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”
→ Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
③ 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 2l, 1980.”
→ Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
④ 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said,“I get up at six every morning.”→ He said he gets up at six every morning.
⑤ 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said,“You had better come have today.”
→ Peter said I had better go there that day.
(三) 如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”
（例：now 变为 then, yesterday 变为 the day before）地点状语，
尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为 that),如：
He said,“These books are mine.” → He said those books were his.
直接引语 间接引语
时 now today
then that day
this week(month …) that week(month…)
间 yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days ago
Last week(year …) The week(year …) before
状 Three days(a year, years …) ago Three days(a year, years …) before
tomorrow The next(following) day
The day after tomorrow Two days later(in two days time)
语 Next week(year, month …) The next(following)week(year, month …) 直接引语 间接引语指 this these
示
代 that those
词 直接引语 间接引语
地
点 here there
状
语 直接引语 间接引语
动 come go
词
(四) 如何变句型：
① 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由 that 引导的宾语从句。如：
She said,“Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”
→ She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
② 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句.如：
★ He said,“Can you swim, John?” → He asked John if he could swim.
★ “You have finished the homework, haven't you?”my mother asked.
→ My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
★ “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?”
→ He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③ 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句
（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me,“When do they have their dinner?”
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④ 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg 等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型。如：
★ “Don't make any noise,”she said to the children.
→ She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
★ “Bring me a cup of tea, please,”said she.
→ She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤ 直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest + 动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said,“Let's go to the film.” → He suggested going to the film.
或 → He suggested that they should go to see the film.
直接引语是问句，变成间接引语时，主句中谓语 say 要变成 ask。
直接引语为祈使句变成间接引语时，要变成以下格式：
ask sb. (not) to do sth. （表示客气）
tell sb. (not) to do sth. （命令性强于上面）
order sb. (not) to do sth. （命令性最强
直接引语变间接引语口诀
1．直接引语为陈述句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。
She said, “My brother doesn’t want to go there. ” →She said that her brother didn’t want to go there.
2．直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加if，陈述语序要记住，时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。
I asked her, “Do you study English here?” → I asked her if she studied English there.
3．直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。
“What do you want?” he asked me. →He asked me what I wanted.
4．直接引语祈使句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号要加to；ask order须记住，直接引语是否定式，not加在to前部。
The teacher said to her mother, “Please give me the book. ” → The teacher asked her mother to give her the book.
The teacher said to her mother, “Don’t give me the book. ” → The teacher told her mother not to give her the book.
5．对于人称变化，要求学生们记住的“顺口溜”是：第一人称看主语，第二人称看宾语，宾语若是不存在，活用代词I, me, my。
He said to her, “Are you interested in English?” → He asked her if she was interested in English.
The teacher said, “Where have you been?” → The teacher asked me( us ) where I(we ) 下载本文
