Lesson one Meeting people
Ⅰ. Structures
The subjective, objective and possessive cases of personal pronouns 人称代词的主格、宾格和所有格
| 人 称 代 词 | 物 主 代 词 | 反 身 代 词 | ||||||
| 主 格 | 宾 格 | 形容词性 | 名词性 | |||||
单 数 | 第一人称 | I | me | my | mine | myself | ||
| 第二人称 | you | you | your | yours | yourself | |||
| " 第三人称 | 阳性 | he | him | his | his | himself | ||
| 阴性 | she | her | her | hers | herself | |||
| 中性 | it | it | its | its | itself | |||
| 复 数 | 第一人称 | we | us | our | ours | ourselves | ||
| 第二人称 | you | you | your | yours | yourselves | |||
| 第三人称 | they | them | their | theirs | themselves | |||
| 疑 问 代 词 | who, what | whom, what | whose, which | whose, which | ||||
each other互相 at the gate of在…门口 meet at the gate在门口相遇 gate指的是学校、公园或工厂等的大门 a front gate前门 the park gate公园大门 房间门要用door Junior High School初中 Senior High School高中 How are you doing? = How are you? = How is it going? 你好吗? for the first time第一次 after school放学后 Pretty well. = Very well. 很好。你呢? What about you? = How about you? 你呢? He is monitor of my class. 职务前一般不加定冠词。 Wang Ping, this is Julia Brown.介绍一个人时要说:this is…而不能说:he / she is…。 I’m in Class One, Junior Two.我是二年级一班的。Class One, Junior Two是专有名词,所以要大写。 It’s time for + n. It’s time to + v. come on快;走吧,跟我来(常用于祈使句) I’d = I would我想,比I want客气 speak in English用英语说 write in ink用墨水写 make friends ( with )(与…)交朋友 Glad to meet you here.很高兴在这里见到你。 Glad to see you again.很高兴又见到你。 Haven’t seen you for a long time.好久不见了。
Lesson two Getting to know each other
Ⅰ. Structures
The simple present tense 一般现在时
1.概念:一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态、日常行为、习惯或客观事实。
如:I usually get up at six o’clock every morning.我每天早上通常6点起床。
2.动词的基本形式
(1)在一般现在时的陈述句中,主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要发生变化。
①一般情况动词+s:look—looks
②以s、x、sh、ch、o结尾的动词+es:pass—passes; fix—fixes; brush—brushes;watch—watches; go—goes
③以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,去y+ies:study—studies
(2)现在时的否定句或疑问句中,主语是第三人称单数时,用助动词来引导,谓语动词保持原形。
如:She usually gets up at seven o’clock every morning.她通常在早上七点起床。
She doesn’t usually get up at seven o’clock every morning.她通常不在早上七点起床。
Does she usually get up at seven o’clock every morning?她通常是在早上七点起床吗?
3.基本用法
(1)表示经常的、习惯的动作或存在的状态。
如:He often plays football after school.他经常放学后踢足球。
He is eighteen years old.他十八岁。
(2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
如:He is a German.他是德国人。
She has brown hair.她长着棕色的头发。
She speaks English as well as she speaks Chinese.她的英语和汉语讲得一样好。
(3)表示普遍真理或客观存在。
如:Two plus two is four.2加2等于4。
The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。
(4)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,或在谈到计划、规定、安排或时刻表时,一般现在时可以表示将来发生的动作或可能。
如:If it rains tomorrow we will stay at home.如果明天下雨,我们将待在家里。
You must finish your dinner before you leave the table.你在离开饭桌之前必须把饭吃完。
The film begins at eight o’clock.电影在8点开始。
4.经常使用的时间状语
every day 每天; always 总是; often 经常; usually 通常; sometimes 有时候;
once a year 一年一次; every other day 另外的每一天
Ⅱ. Language points
at a welcome party在欢迎会上 at a dinner party在晚宴上 at a birthday party在生日宴会上 at a farewell party在告别会上 Nice meeting you, too. = Nice to meet you, too.我也很高兴见到你。 given name = first name名 family name = last name = surname姓 American美国的,美国人America美国 Australian澳大利亚的,澳大利亚人 Australia澳大利亚 Russian俄罗斯的,俄罗斯人 Russia俄罗斯 German德国的,德国人 Germany德国 French法国的,法国人 France法国 Japanese日本的,日本人 Japan日本 Canadian加拿大的,加拿大人 Canada加拿大 Swedish瑞典的,瑞典人 Sweden瑞典 New Zealander新西兰的,新西兰人 New Zealand新西兰 Indian印度的,印度人 India印度 Finnish芬兰的,芬兰人 Finland芬兰 Are you from Shanghai? = Do you come from Shanghai? 你来自上海吗? come from来自 surf the Internet浏览因特网 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 help sb. do / to do sth.帮助某人做某事 keep in touch ( with )(与…)保持联系 keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系 certainly = of course当然 be good at = do well in擅长于 by以…方式 geography地理 history历史 drawing图画 singing唱歌 PE ( physical education )体育 chemistry化学 biology生物
Lesson three Talking about families
Ⅰ. Structures
The simple present tense 一般现在时
特殊疑问句用在一般现在时中:特殊疑问句是对句中某一特殊部分提出疑问,通常以疑问代词who, what, whose, which或疑问副词when, where, why, how开头,后加一般疑问句,又可称“wh-问句”。不能用或作简略回答。
| 疑 问 词 | 作 用 | 举 例 |
| What什么 | 对谓语、表语和宾语提问。 | What’s this? |
| Who谁-主格 | 对主语提问。 | Who is that man? |
| Whom谁-宾格 | 对宾语提问,句中可用Who代替。 | Whom(Who) were you talking to? |
| Whose谁的 | 对物主代词或名词所有格提问。 | Whose book is this? |
| Where哪里 | 对地点提问。 | Where are you from? |
| Which哪个,哪几个 | 对宾语提问。 | Which school does your brother study? |
| When什么时候 | 对时间提问。 | When do you get up every day? |
| What time几点 | 对具体时间提问。 | What time does the train leave? |
| What day星期几 | 对日子提问。 | What day is it today? |
| How old多大 | 对年龄提问。 | How old is your son? |
| How many多少-可数 | 对数量提问,后接可数名词复数。 | How many teachers are there in your school? |
| How much多少-不可数 | 对数量提问,后接不可数名词。 | How much is the sandwich? |
| How long多长时间 | 对时间段提问。 | How long does the film last? |
| How often多久 | 对频率副词提问。 | How often do you go to see your grandpa? |
| How怎样 | 对表示方式、程度、身体状况的词提问。 | How are you today? |
| Why为什么 | 对原因提问。 | Why didn’t you finish your job in time? |
tell sb. about sht.告诉某人有关某事 tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人去做某事 tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要去做某事 tell a story讲故事 tell a lie说谎 each other互相 at the English Corner在英语角 look like像…,似…;外表特征是 What do / does sb. look like? = What is / are sb. like? 某人看上去怎么样的? What does your uncle look like? = What is your uncle like? 你叔叔看上去怎么样的? What does your father do? = What’s your father? = What’s your father’s job? 你父亲是干什么工作的? work for为…工作 / 做事,被…雇佣 Who do they work for? = Where do they work? 他们在哪儿工作? in the front在前面 in front of前面 in the front of前部 at the back在后面 between在…之间 both两者(都) e-mail sb. about sth. / e-mail sth. to sb. 发电子邮件给某人谈某事 cute漂亮的,逗人喜爱的;聪明伶俐的,机灵的 a cute camera小巧玲珑的照相机 a cute cat逗人喜爱的猫咪 curly hair卷发 straight hair直发 nuclear family(只包括父母和子女的)核心家庭,小家庭 extended family(数代同堂的)大家庭 What exactly do you do at IBM? 你在IBM公司做什么工作? technician技术员 computer programmer计算机编程员 waiter / waitress男 / 女服务员,男 / 女侍者 actor / actress男 / 女演员 sportsman / sportswoman男 / 女运动员 civil servant公务员 businessman / businesswoman男 / 女商人 shop assistant售货员
Unit Two School Life
Lesson one A day at school
Ⅰ. Structures
Numbers 数字
2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 21 twenty-one 33 thirty- three 44 forty-four 55 fifty-five 66 sixty-six 77 seventy-seven 88 eighty-eight 100 one hundred thirteen—thirty fourteen—forty fifteen—fifty sixteen—sixty seventeen—seventy eighteen—eighty nineteen—ninety 10,110 ten thousand one hundred and ten
300,000,000,000 43,100,300 forty-three million one hundred thousand and three hundred
billion million thousand 3,001,300,000 three billion one million and three hundred thousand
100,000,000 one hundred million 2,500 two thousand and five hundred
Telling the time 时间的表示法
1.用past表示“超过多少分钟(最多不得超过30分钟)”;用to表示“离几点差几分(最多差30分钟)”。先说分钟,后说钟点。
例如:3:05 five past three 8:25 twenty-five past eight 6:35 twenty-five to seven 9:55 five to ten
2.直接说出钟点,现代英语中多用此种说法。
例如:3:15 three fifteen 5:25 five twenty-five 8:30 eight thirty
Ⅱ. Language points
same (a.)相同的 same的反义词:different (a.)不同的 difference (n.)不同 go to school上学 go to the same school去同一所学校上学 at the bus stop在公共汽车站 at the cinema在电影院 at the supermarket在超市 at the station在火车站 at the airport在机场 begin sth.开始某事 begin to do sth.开始做某事 in the morning在上午 in the afternoon在下午 in the evening在晚上 another另一个 other(两个中)另一个的;另外的 by the way顺便问一下 on the way在…路上 in the way挡路 in this way以这种方法 surf the Internet上网 on the Internet在网上 after class下课后 after school放学后 learn from向…学习 do sth. for…( time )花多少时间干某事 It’s fun.有趣,有劲,好玩。 have a rest休息 have lunch吃午饭 Have a good time!祝你玩得愉快! p.m.下午 a.m.上午 help sb. ( to ) do sth. / help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 hobby groups兴趣小组 have a group discussion进行小组讨论 have a class meeting开班会 go to the children’s palace到少年宫去
Lesson two School rules
Ⅰ. Structures
情态动词:没有人称和数的变化,后面跟动词原形,具有感情色彩。有can,may,must,need等。情态动词本身词义不完整,在句中不能作谓语,可与行为动词原形一起构成谓语动词。
(1)can表示本能:She can run fast. 她跑得很快。
(2)may表示委婉:May I come in? 我可以进来吗?
(3)must表示坚决:We must keep the classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室的整洁。
(4)need表示需要:The garden needs rain. 这个花园需要雨水。
(5)may,can和must的比较
①can表示“许可或请求许可”时,相当于may(可以),但can比may用得更广泛。can不仅表示说话人同意、准许,还可以表示客观条件许可。may通常表示说话人同意、许可。
②表示“提建议或请求”时,可以用Can I …?或May I …?语气比较客气。
③can表示“会”,“能”。
④must表示“必须”、“应该”。
⑤我们用can,may来表示允许或建议别人做某事以及请求允许做某事。我们用must来表示做某事的必要性。can,may和must没有人称和数的变化。can,may和must后跟动词原形。can的否定形式cannot可缩略为can’t。must的否定形式must not可缩写为mustn’t。用must提问时,否定回答用needn’t,而不用mustn’t。
Ⅱ. Language points
keep quiet保持安静 hand in上交,交上来 be late for迟到 absent (a.)缺席的 absence缺席 present出席的 presence出席 distant远的 distance远距离 on time准时 in time及时 That’s all right. = Never mind. = That’s O.K. = It doesn’t matter.没关系。 observe rules遵守规则 observe school rules = obey school rules遵守校规 observe观察 observe stars观察星象 here and there到处,各处 tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人干某事 tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要干某事 be on sick leave病假 miss a lesson缺一堂课 ask for sick leave请病假 play truant旷课;逃学 be absent from class(上课)缺席
Lesson three Showing Ms Stone around the school
Ⅰ. Structures
Prepositions 介词
介词是一类虚词,在句中不能单独充当句子成分,必须和名词、名词性短语或者名词性从句构成介词短语,修饰其前面的名词、形容词、动词等,表示与那些成分的关系。如下列表示位置关系的介词或介词短语。
in front of在…前面 There is a big tree in front of our house.我家前面有棵大树。
behind在…后面(与in front of相对) Tom is sitting behind me.汤姆正坐在我后面。
beside在…旁边 Jim is running beside the river.吉姆正在河边跑步。
between在…两者之间 The teacher is sitting between two desks.老师正坐在两张书桌中间。
under在…的正下方 There is a ball under the table.桌下有只球。
on在…上面 There is a pen on the table.桌上有支钢笔。
on关于 This book is on world economy.这本书是有关世界经济的。
on在另一区域的交界处 Jiangsu is on the north of Shanghai.江苏在上海的北面。
next to与…相邻 There is a shop next to the post office.邮局与商店相邻。
near在…附近 There is a swimming pool near my home.我家附近有个游泳池。
感叹句表示惊讶、赞美、快乐或生气等感情。这种句子一般用how或what开头,句末一般用惊叹号。
(1)How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语
How funny the story is! 这个故事多好笑啊!
(2)What (a)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)
What a tall tree (it is)! 多高的树啊!
What beautiful pictures (they are)! 多漂亮的画啊!
Ⅱ. Language points
show…around…带领…参观… show sth. to sb. = show sb. sth.给某人看某物 Please show me your passport. = Please show your passport to me.请出示你的护照。 with有…的 a girl with long hair长头发的少女 over there在那儿(边) audio-visual building视听大楼 language lab语言实验室 biology lab生物实验室 Let’s take the lift. = Let’s go by lift.让我们乘电梯。 lift (n.)电梯 lift (v.)举起,抬起 I can’t lift this desk alone.我自己一个人抬不起这张桌子。 have a look看一看,瞧一瞧 on the right在右边 on the left在左边 books on all subjects各种科目的书籍 do classroom projects做课题,做课堂作业 see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 Party secretary’s office党(总)支办公室 reception room接待室 principal’s office校长室 logistics office后勤办公室 dean’s office教导处 sound room语音室 personnel office人事科(处)办公室 studio播音室下载本文