Text A Success Is a Choice
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Background Information
Winston Churchill (1874-1965) Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill became one of the greatest statesmen in world history. Churchill reached the height of his fame as the heroic prime minister of Great Britain during World War II. He offered his people only “blood, toil, tears, and sweat” as they struggled to keep their freedom. Churchill also was a noted speaker, author, painter, soldier, and war reporter. (From the 1998 World Book Encyclopedia)
1 rally: v. come or bring together again for a shared propose effort 重新集合
e.g. The general rallied his tired soldiers and they drove the enemy back将军重新集合起手下疲惫的士兵,把敌人赶了回去。
2 deserve : vt. be sth. or have done sth. for which one should receive (a reward, special treatment, etc.); be entitled to; be worthy of 应受(奖赏、特殊待遇等);;值得
e.g. Criminals deserve punishment. 罪犯应受惩罚
3 according to: as stated or shown by; in a manner that is consistent with据…所说;根据;按照
e.g. The next train leaves at 9:00a.m. according to the timetable.
按照时间表,下一班火车上午9点开
4 achievement : n. action of achieving; thing done successfully esp. with effort and skill 达到,完成,实现;成就,成绩
e.g. heroic/academic/scientific achievements
英雄业绩 / 学习成绩 / 科学成就
5 sweat : 1. n. natural moisture which comes through the skin when one is hot, ill, afraid, working hard, etc. 汗, 汗水
2. v. produce sweat; be anxious or worried about; work hard 出 汗;为…着急;为…担心;干得汗流浃背,拼命干
6 … there’s no mystery as to how these things of wonder were created. 这些奇迹的创造都毫无奥秘可言。
as to 相当于about,是”关于”的意思。
7 run through: be present in every part of (sth.); spread right through 普遍存在于;贯穿
e.g. The qualities of diligence and perseverance ran through his whole life. 勤奋、坚毅的品质贯穿了他整个的一生。
8 second-to-none: a. as good as the best 不亚于任何人的;首屈一指的;最好的
e.g. a second-to-none solution 最佳方案
We offer second-to-none technical support.
我们提供最好的技术支持。
9 come to: concern 涉及;谈到
e.g. John is a real master when it comes to bridge.
说起打桥牌,约翰可是个高手。
10 Any other promise of achievement is fool’s gold.
任何其他关于成功的许诺都不过是愚人金。
fool’s gold 原意是酷似黄金的黄铁(铜)矿,在这里喻指骗人的东西。
11 frost : n. dew or water vapor frozen into tiny white ice crystals that cover the ground, etc. when the temperature falls below freezing- point 霜
e.g. A hard frost fell last night. 昨晚结了一层厚霜
12 shortcut : n. route that makes a journey, walk, etc. shorter; way of doing sth. more efficiently, quickly, etc.
近路;捷径;快捷办法
e.g. I took a shortcut across the field. 我抄近路穿过田野。
13 The bottom line: Nothing meaningful or lasting comes without working hard at it…:
这是一个由nothing… without…构成的双重否定句,语气强烈。
14 influence: 1 n(the power to have an) effect on sb. or sth. without the use of direct force or command 影响(力)
e.g. positive/negative influence on sb. 对某人积极/消极的影响
2. vt. have an effect or influence on 影响
e.g. Human activities have influenced the environment a lot.
人类的活动已经对环境产生了很大的影响。
15 Take our basketball program at the University of Kentucky…:
take = take… for example
16 yardstick : n. standard of measurement or comparison
衡量标准,评价标准
e.g. Is money the only yardstick of success?
金钱是衡量成功的唯一标准吗?
17 live up to: achieve (what is expected, esp. high standards); put (one’sfaith, principles, etc.) into practice
不辜负(期望);达到(高标准);实践(信仰、原则等)
e.g. Now that you’ve made the promise, you must live up to it.
既然你已许诺,就必须实践诺言。
18 In close games, when the pressure intensifies and the margin between who wins and who loses can be as thin as an eggshell…:
when 引导了两个定语从句,即the pressure intensifies和the margin between who wins and who loses can be as thin as an eggshell。
19 perspiration : n. moisture given off by the body; sweat; process of giving off moisture through the skin汗;汗水;出汗;流汗
e.g. His face was wet with perspiration.
20 come out on top: win; be successful; prove oneself superior to others获胜;获得成功;出人头地
e.g A university student came out on top in the speech contest.
一位大学生在演讲比赛中获胜。
21 variety : n. quality of not being the same, or not being the same all the time; number or range of different things; a particular type; sort 变化;多样化;种种,多种多样;品种,种类
e.g. His writing lacks variety. 他的文体缺少变化
a variety of: many different 各种,种种
e.g. These T-shirts are available in a wide variety of colors.
这些T恤衫有各种颜色可供挑选。
We can’t go on holiday for a variety of reasons.
我们因种种原因不能去度假。
22 live with: accept; tolerate 接受;容忍
e.g. How can you live with such noise?
这么吵,你怎么忍受的了?
23 court : n. indoor or outdoor space marked out for tennis or similar ball games; place where trials or other law cases are held 球场;法庭;
e.g. a basketball/tennis court篮球/网球场
a civil/criminal court民事/刑事法庭
football field
24 in sight: visible 看得见,被看到
e.g. I looked hard but nothing was in sight.
我努力去看,但什么也看不到。
25 all out: using all possible strength and resources 竭尽全力;全力以赴
e.g. The firemen went all out to put out the fire.
消防队员竭尽全力灭火。
26 Success is not a lucky break. It is not a divine right. It is not an accident of birth.
成功不是幸运的机缘;成功不是神赐的权利;成功不是天生的运气。
句中的break和 accident都有运气、机缘的意思。
Text B&C
1 learn of: become aware of (sth.) through information or observation; realize 获悉,得知;认识到
e.g. I learned of the job opening through friends.
我是从朋友们那里听说这个职位空缺的。
2 fund : 1. n. sum of money saved or made available for a particular purpose 专款,基金
e.g. donate funds to the university 向大学捐资
2. vt. provide (an institution, a project, etc.) with money
为(机构、项目等)提供资金,资助
e.g. My parents funded my college education.
我父母资助我上大学。
3 scholarship : n. a grant of money to a promising student 奖学金
e.g. Ben attended college on a sports scholarship.
本靠一笔体育奖学金上了大学。
4 generous : a. giving or ready to give freely 慷慨的,大方的
e.g. a generous man 大方的人
his generous act 他的慷慨之举
generosity : n. quality of being generous; generous act
e.g. He accepted my apology with great generosity.
他宽宏大度地接受了我的道歉。
5 encourage : vt. give support, confidence or hope to (sb.) 鼓励,支持
e.g. Are you trying to encourage or discourage him by saying this?
你这么说是想鼓励他还是泄他的气?
6 self-made : a. having become successful, rich, etc. by one’s own efforts 靠自己奋斗成功的,白手起家的
e.g. a self-made millionaire白手起家的百万富翁
7 drop out: leave school, university, etc. without finishing one’s courses 中途退学;辍学
e.g. She dropped out of college and found a job.
她读大学时中途退学找了份工作
8 sign:
1). n. mark, symbol, etc. used to represent sth.; board, notice, etc. that directs sb. towards sth., gives a warning, advertises a business, etc.
记号;符号;牌子;指示牌;招牌
e.g. traffic signs. 交通标志
2). vt. write (one’s name) on ( a document, etc.)
签(名), 署(名);签署(文件等)
e.g. The two countries signed a peace agreement
两国签署了一项和平协议
9 sign up: (cause sb. to) sign an agreement to work for sb.; employ
签约雇用;签约受雇;雇用
e.g. She’s been signed up by Hollywood.
她已与好莱坞签约。
10 exceed : vt. be greater or more numerous than; go beyond
超过;胜过;超出
e.g. Don’t exceed the speed limit on the highway.
在高速公路上驾车别超速。
11 asset: n.[usu. pl.] all the things a person or a company owns, including property, money, etc. 资产;财产
e.g. national assets 国有财产。
12 newsstand : n. stand at which newspapers and magazines are sold
报摊;报刊柜
13 depression : n. period when there is little economic activity, and usu. poverty and unemployment; (with capital D) period in the 1930s when there was a depression in the USA and then in all parts of the world
不景气,萧条(期);(D-)大萧条(1930年 代美国及全世界的严重经济萧条)
14 The first reported a problem — all of the natives went barefoot — and thus he believed that there was no market in Africa for shoes.
第一位推销员报告了一个难题——所有的当地人都打赤脚——因此他认为在非洲没有鞋子市场。
破折号中间的部分是problem的同位语。
15 view : vt. consider; regard 考虑;看待
e.g. He views the change as a good sign.
他把这一变化视为好兆头。
16 get beyond: get ahead of 超过,越过
17. hold back: prevent from advancing; control; restrain
阻止,阻挡;控制;
e.g. If we had not held him back, he would have fought back at the man 要不是我们拦住他,他就对那人还手了
18 act on: take action in accordance with 按照…行动;根据…行事
e.g. We will act on any suggestion that benefits our teaching.
任何对教学有利的建议我们都会采纳。
19 There are a lot of ways to become a failure, but never taking a chance is the most successful way:
有很多办法可以让人失败,但最成功的办法是从不冒险。
the most successful way = the most successful way to become a failure.
20 put out of business: cause to become bankrupt 使歇业;使破产;使倒闭
e.g. Shopping malls have put many small stores out of business.
大型购物中心(销品茂)使许多小商店倒闭了。
Grammar Review
形容词与副词的比较级和最高级(Adjectives and Adverbs: the Comparative Degree and the Superlative Degree)
形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成分规则和不规则两种。规则的形容词比较级构成是在词尾加词缀-er,或在词前加单词more;最高级构成是在词尾加词缀-est,或在词前加单词most,如:short — shorter — shortest, difficult — more difficult — most difficult。一般来说,单音节词末尾加-er和-est。单音节词以-e结尾,只加-r和-st。除少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词末尾加-er和-est,多数双音节词和多音节词在词前加单词more或most,如:clever — cleverer — cleverest, beautiful — more beautiful — most beautiful。规则的副词比较级和最高级的构成是:和形容词同形的副词构成方式与相应的形容词相同,以词缀-ly结尾的词要用more或most,如:commonly — more commonly — most commonly, quickly — more quickly — most quickly(early中的-ly不是词缀)。不规则的形容词与副词比较级和最高级的构成要一个一个记,如:good/well — better — best, little — less — least, bad/badly — worse — worst, many/much — more — most, far — farther/further — farthest/farthest等。
1.形容词或副词比较级+than,表示“比…更…”。
Were they smarter than I was?
他们比我更聪明吗?
In less than five years, the tomato became a major crop in America.
在不到5年的时间里,番茄便成了美国的一种主要作物。
2.the+比较级… the+比较级,表示 “越…越…”。
… the more I got to know Kyle, the more I liked him, and my friends thought the same of him.
我越是了解凯尔,就越喜欢他,我的朋友也有同感。
3. the+形容词或副词最高级+表示比较范围的成分,表示”最…”。在副词最高级前,the可用,可不用。
The brain is the most complex system we know
4. as + 形容词或副词原级 + as表示”像…一样”。否定形式是not + so (as) 形容词或副词原级 + as,表示”不如…那样”。
The river flowed over the lost treasure just as merrily as before. (Unit 7 B, Book 2)
小河一如既往,欢快地从他遗失的宝贝上面流过。
Review
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