| 主动 | 动名词v-ing | 不定式to do | 现在分词v-ing | 过去分词v-ed |
| 一般 | doing | To do | Doing(不及物动词无被动) 同时发生 | done |
| 完成 | Having done | To have done | Having done 先发生 | |
| 进行 | To be doing | |||
| 被动 | ||||
| 一般 | Being done | To be done | Being done 正在被。。 | |
| 完成 | Having been done | To have been done | Having been done 已经被。。 | |
| 进行 | ||||
| 功能 | 主语，宾语，表语，定语 | 主语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语 | 宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语 | 宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语 |
| 主语 | Seeing is believing. It is/was no use/good, not any use/good, of little use/good, useless doing sth | To see is to believe. 不定式作主语时,多用it作形式主语。 a) It is＋adj + ( for/of sb.)＋不定式 b) It is＋n.＋不定式 c) It takes (sb.) some time ＋不定式 可与特殊疑问词连用 How to deal with the problem hasn’t been discussed. | 行为动作动词： v-ing: 主动，正在进行，未完成 v-ed: 完成，被动 心理行为动词 v-ing: 使人产生该词义的心理状态 v-ed: 指本人已有该词义所指的心理状态 | |
| 宾语 | 1．只用动名词做宾语的动词。 | 1．只用不定式做宾语的动词。 | ||
| 2．forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, can’t help 等，都可用，意义不同 | ||||
| 3．love, like, prefer, 用不定式表具体行为，用动名词表经常性行为，长期习惯。 | ||||
| 4．Allow/advise/ forbid/permit doing sth sb to do sth 5. need/ require/ want doing sth/ to be done/ sb to do 6.be worth doing be worthy of being done He attended the meeting without being asked. She told me about her having been interviewed by the police. | 4．feel, think, find, believe, consider, make用it作形式宾语。 | |||
| 5．与特殊疑问词连用(why除外) We don’t know what to do. 6．少数介词如but, except等后面可跟不定式作宾语。 We have no choice but to wait. | ||||
| 宾语补足语 | 感官动词see, watch… 主动，完成 | 主动，正在进行 | 被动，完成 | |
| 使役动词let /have/get have /get sb do sth使…做某事 | have sth/sb doing 让…持续的做 get sb/sth doing 使行动起来 I can’t get the car running/going. | have/get sth done 让别人做,使…被… have sth done 遭受不好的事 I can’t get the car started. | ||
| Find, get, leave, keep… Leave sb to do sth to be done | Leave sb doing | Leave sth undone 不及物动词的过去分词做宾语补足语表示完成和状态。 I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. | ||
| 表语 | 指抽象的内容。 | 表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，后面可用不定式做表语，用以说明主语的内容wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job My wish is to be a scientist. | The result was disappointing. The answer is satisfying. 现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征. | I was shocked at the news. The door remained closed. |
| 定语 | a walking stick sleeping pills; operating room; drinking water ; cooking oil; 动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能 | 1动词不定式做定语时放在被修饰词后，和被修饰词有三种关系:主谓、动宾和同位. 2 修饰序数词，最高级 He is the best to do the job. 3. 抽象名词：ability , chance… | 单个现在分词放被修饰词前，不定代词后，分词短语放被修饰词后, 主动，正在进行 Boiling water Something exciting A boy wearing a red coat 现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作 | 被动，完成, Boiled water Someone frightened A bridge built last year A developed country |
| 状语 | 1 目的状语: to do, in order to do , so as to do(不放在句首) 2 程度状语：he is old enough to go to school. 3 原因状语：形容词（glad, happy等）+ 不定式 4 结果状语(意外结果)：he woke up only to find everyone gone.作结果状语常用于一些固定搭配中如:too …to, enough... to，only to，never to，so + 形容词/副词 +as to, such+名词+as to do引导. | 1 条件状语: Given a chance, I can surprise the world. 2 伴随状语 He came in, followed by a dog. 3 原因状语: Hearing the news, he burst into tears. 4 方式状语: 5 结果状语(自然发生): The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. 6让步状语: Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 7 时间状语 | ||
