重点词汇
a pair of run out of by the way be interested in far away thanks for thanks to
how long anyone else raise money collect coins/stamps collection/collector
Send sb. Sth.=send sth.to sb. Make room for sb.
Finish doing sth. Enjoy doing sth. Practice doing sth. Keep doing sth. Mind doing sth. Be busy doing sth. Can't help doing sth. Look forward to doing sth.
语法总结
1. 现在完成进行时的定义
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,
并且还有可能持续下去。如:We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我们等他等了两个小时。
2. 现在完成进行时的结构
现在完成进行时由“have /has been + 现在分词”构成。
3. 现在完成进行时的应用
现在完成进行时所用的时间状语:this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in
the past few + 时间段, since +时间点, for + 时间段。如:
They have been building the bridge for two month. 两个月来他们一直在修桥。
They have been planting trees this month. 这个月来他们一直在植树。
4. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
(1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续,因此,表示动作的完成,只能用现在完成时,而不能用现在完成进行时。如:
He has changed his idea. 他改变了想法。
(2) 在表示动作的延续时,虽然既可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时,但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时,应用现在完成进行时。如:
We have been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。
(3) 有些延续性动词(如 keep, learn, live, stay, study, work等),用于现在完成时或现在完成进行时的区别不大。如:I have lived here for many years.=I have been living here for many years. 我在这儿住了多年了。
内容详解
1----Alison,how long have you been skating?----I've been skating for five hours.
1)how long 意为“多久”对一段时间的提问,常用for+一段时间,since+时间点、时间段+ago"来回答。
2)How long 可与各种时态连用,但谓语动词必须是延续性动词;
2 when did you get your first pair of skates?
A pair of 用来表示一对一双 一副等概念,常用于相同的两样东西成对出现,其后的名词要用复数形式。
The girl is wearing a pair of shoes today.
谓语动词的单复数形式由pair的单复数形式决定。
Many pairs of shoes are in that box.
3Here,students are skating to raise money for charity.
rise和raise都有"上升,升起,上涨,举起"等意思
但是rise多用于不及物动词(rise后面不加宾语),raise是及物动词(raise后面要加宾语).
还有个简单的方法,一般事物自身可以升高,上升的,常用rise,例如太阳东升,河水上涨.而raise一般是人为地让事物升高,例如举起胳膊,提高薪水等.
The sun rose at seven o'clock. 太阳七点钟升起
The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。
The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.
"这时飞机能上升了,并在距山头400英尺的高度飞越了山头。"
The steps of the palace rise in easy flights.
宫殿台阶上升的坡度不大。
Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.
过去十年间物价一直在上涨。
4For every hour they skate,each student raises ten yuan for charity.
Each与every都有“每个”的意思,但二者含义及语法功能不同,主要区别是:
1). each既可用作形容词,又可用作代词
Each student has his own dictionary . (形容词,定语)
Each has his good point . (代词,主语)
Our headteacher had a talk with each of us . (代词,宾语)
The students each have a desk . (代词,同位语)
2). each与every都可用作形容词,在句中作定语,但each更强调个人或个别,every更强调全体或全部。比较:
I know each number of your family .
I know every number of your family .
3). each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”;every是指许多人或事物的“全体”,与all的意思相近。试译:
这条街上每边都有很多商店。
[误]There are many shops on every side of the street .
[正]There are many shops on each side of the street .
我给她父母每人一件礼物。
[误]I gave a present to every one of her parents .
[正]I gave a present to each of her parents .
4). 指上下文提到过的确定数目中的“每一个”时,要用each;如果上下文没有提及时,不能用each,要用everyone等。试译:
我认为这三个答案个个都正确。
[误]I saw each was busy with his work .
[正]I saw everyone was busy with his work .
5). every可以与not连用构成部分否定,意思是“并不/非人人”,而each则不可以与not连用。全部否定是no one ,意思是“个个都不”、“没有人”等。例如:
人人都不喜欢这个电视剧。
[误]Each / Everyone / Every one of them doesn’t like the TV play .
[正]No one likes the TV play .
6) 表示“每隔……”、“每……”,要用“every+基数词+复数名词”。这种结构中的every不能用each替代。例如:
They’ll choose one out of every ten girls .
他们将在每十个姑娘里挑选一个。
We hand in our homework every three days .
我们每隔两天(每三天)交一次作业
5 Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours
one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。 I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定) The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个) I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物 |
agree to +表示“提议、办法、计划” I agree to this plan.
Agree to do sth,We agreed to start early.
Agree that:she agreed that I was right.
7 the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越……越……”。如: The more we do for the people,happier we'll be. 我们为人民做得越多,就越幸福。 The more,the better. 多多益善
专项训练
1--Is Smith still in Shanghai?---Yes,he ____there for two months.
A has been B has gone C has been to D has gone to
2 The banana pie tastes delicious.Could I have another____?
A one B it C this D that
3 ____will it take you from your school to the library? About half an hour ,so I'll be there by 9 o'clock.
A How far B how soon Chow long D how many
4My uncle has been teaching in this school ____he was twenty years old.
A since B for C until Dafter
5who was the first one to ____school this morning?
A get B to get C got D gets
6 there____ a pair of sports shoes under the bed.
A are B have C is D has
7 You____ eat the soup if you don't like it
A shouldn't B mustn't C needn't D can't
8---the doctor told me ____too much but I find it difficult.
---the doctor is right.The less you drink,____you will be.
A don't drink; the healthier B not to drink;the healthier
C not to drink; the healthier D don't drink; healthier
9 Joe,my close friend ,moved to Beijing years ago,and I ____him since then
A don't see B didn't see C haven't see D won't see
10 my sports shoes are too old,My mother will buy a new____ for me this Sunday
A pair B one C ones D them
11 hurry up!We 're ____our time.
A going out of B running out C getting out of D running out of
12 ____you spend time,___you learn English
A the much;the well B the most;the best C more;better D the more;the better
13 My hobby is____ stamps
A collecting B collected C collect D collects
14 how long have you been in this city? _____ Twenty years.
A before B after C for D since
15I saw the man put the money in the bag and go out.
A all B whole C his D every
16There is no ____in the bus so we have to wait for another one
A room B a room C rooms D seats
18There are many trees on _______ sides of the road.
A. each B. every C. both D. all
19. We ______ 1000 English words since we ______ to this school.
A. learn, come B. have learning, came
C. have been learning, come D. have learned, came
20 We have run _______ rice, we will have to buy some this afternoon.
A. out B. of C. out of D. out to
21 He is interested in _______ English songs.
A. to collect B. collect C. collecting D. collected
22The child _________ trees for the whole four hours with his parents.
A. plants B. have been planting C. has been planting D. has been planted
23. The big tree in front of my house is _______ years old.
A. hundred B. hundreds of C. hundreds D. one hundred of
24 Yesterday I ________ when I was cooking.
A. had my finger cut B. had cut my finger C. had my finger cutted D. had my finger to cut
27 We like those who have only one idea but make it ______.
A. to work B. working C. work D. works
28In Great Britain it isn’t polite ______ from each other’s plate.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating
29 That bag isn’t mine. It may be __________.
A. somebody’s B. somebody else C. somebody’s else D. somebody else’s
30 They have been skating __________.
A. for three hours ago B. since three hours ago C. three hours ago D. since three hours
31 _______, what’s your hobby?
A. In the way B. On the way C. To your way D. By the way
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Thank you for ___________ (help) me with my English.
2. Many children are ________ (interest) in ________ (collect) stamps because they think it _________ (interest) to collect them and they can learn a lot from it.
3. You have been _________ (play) computer games for a long time. It is bad for your eyes.
4. Our teacher told us some _____________(different) in food between ___________(west) countries and China.
5. In China people don’t eat ___________ (separate). They usually order food to share.
6. English is very ______ (use). So we should try our best _________ (learn) it well.
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.—How long __________ your father________ (work) in the factory?
—Since he ___________ (leave) college.
2. How long __________ you __________ (listen) to music last night?
3. When ____________you ________ (attend) the after-school club?
4. He is always the first one _______ (arrive) at school and the last ______ (leave) school.
5. We _______ (be) friends for the whole ten years.
6. _________ (collect) old coins is my father’s hobby.
7. My father had me ______ (clean) my bike, but I had it ________ (clean) in the shop.
三、按要求变换下列句型。
1. They have been talking for the whole three hours.(一般疑问句)
_________________ they __________________ for the whole three hours?
2. Li Lei told me he did well in the final exam.(同义句)
Li Lei ______________ me ______________ he did well in the final exam.
3. To spit in public places is not polite.( 同义句)
______________ isn’t polite ______________ spit in public places.
4. We have been playing football for two hours. (对划线部分提问)
_____________________ have you been playing football?
5. you , pictures , with, them , do, the , books , in , like (连词成句)
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