(It points out that the essence of education lies in students’ acquisition of facts and reasoning skills)
Essence of Education
Robery W. Tracinki
1. The essence of education is the teaching of facts and reasoning skills to our children, so that they learn to think.
2. Yet almost a century, our schools have been under assault by an approach to education that elevates feelings over facts. Under the influence of Progressive Education -- It is now more important than getting him in touch with the facts of history, mathematics or geography.
Note:
elevate v. to make more important or to improve
e.g. They want to elevate the status of teachers.
3. "Creative spelling"-- in which students are encouraged to spell words in whatever way they feel is correct - is more important than the rules of language. Urging children to "feel good" about themselves is more important than ensuring that they acquire the knowledge necessary for living successfully.
4. This emotion-centered, anti-reason assault on education has found a new ally: those who believe the literal words of the Bible. The Kansas Board of Education has just excised the theory of evolution from the state's official science standards. Several other states have enacted similar anti-evolution policies, thereby elevating the feeling
of religious fundamentalists over the accumulated evidence of the entire science of biology.
Note:
Ally n. a person or organization that cooperates with or helps another in a particular activity.
Excise v. to remove as if by cutting
e.g. The official censors have excised the controversial sections of the report.
5. These policies do not actually ban the teaching of evolution, nor do they mandate the teaching of “Creationism” ----biblical claim that the Earth and all life on it were created in six days. They simply drop evolution from the required curriculum. The goal of the religious activities is to keep students ignorant of the theory of evolution, or to encourage the teaching of evolution and Creationism side-by-side, as two "competing" theories.
命令解除公立学校中的种族隔离Note:
Mandate v. To make mandatory, as by law; decree or require:
批准:制订一个训令,如通过法律;发布命令或要求:
e.g. mandated desegregation of public schools.
命令解除公立学校中的种族隔离
.g. Our delegates have been mandated to vote against the proposal at the conference.
n. A command or an authorization given by a political electorate to its representative.
授权:某政治代表机构给它的代表发出的命令或委任
e.g. The President had a clear mandate to end the war.
总统得到明确的授权结束那场战争。
e.g. After protracted consideration the national government had decided to ask a mandate from the people.
国家经过长期考虑后, 决定征求。
6. Consider what this latter would mean in the classroom. On the one side, teachers would present the theory of evolution, supported by countless observations, all integrated into a comprehensive explanation of virtually every fact in its field.
7. On the other side, teachers would present -- what? All that the Creationist view offers is the assertion by would-be authorities that an ancient religious text reveals that 10,000 years ago God created the world in six days.
Note:
would-be: wanting or trying to be 想要成为,自称自诩。
e.g. Hollywood was full of would-be starlets.
译文:特创论信奉者的观点只是自诩为权威的人的断言,即一部古老的宗教文本揭示了10,000年以前,上帝在六天内创造了世界。
8. Some of these religious activists claim that they reject the teaching of evolution because it is "unproven," since it lacks "sufficient evidence."
9. Yet their arguments systematically reject the need for proof and evidence. Scientists can point to a billion-year-long fossil record of continuous changes across a11 species as they develop from more-primitive to present-day forms. They can point to the natural variations among members of a species, variations that change from one climate to another as species adapt to their environment. But the Creationist categorically dismisses the evidence - because it contradicts biblical dogma.
Note:
Categorically adv. 绝对地, 明确地,
e.g. One interesting fact is that even people who state categorically they do not believe in mind over matter have themselves been cured by using a placebo.
有趣的是,即使那些明确宣称根本就不相信意识支配物质 的人自己也采用过安慰剂并得到康复。
dogma n. An authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true.
信条:有权威的原理、信仰或观念意见的陈述,尤指人们认为绝对正确
e.g. “The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present”(Abraham Lincoln)
“平静的过去时代的那些信条,不适用于暴风骤雨式的现代社会了”(亚伯拉罕·林肯)
e.g. This is a action born of dogma rather than good sense.
10. The central issue is not whether there is enough scientific evidence to validate a particular conclusion - but whether science as such, rather than faith, is the basis for arriving at conclusions. There can be no scientific debate between these two positions. There can be no rational argument between a view that rests on observation and reason, and one that rests on blind faith - i.e., on its adherents' desire to believe something, irrespective of logic.
Validate vt. 证实; 证明正确 使生效, 使有法律效力; 批准, 确认
e.g. validate a passport 使护照生效(在护照上签字)
Time validated our suspicion. 时间证实了我们的怀疑。
as such:表示上文所指明的事或人..;本身
e.g. He is a child, and must be treated as such.
他是个孩子,必须被当作孩子对待。
adherent n. 追随者, 拥护者, 信徒; 胶粘体
e.g. the adherents of materialism 唯物主义拥护者
adherent to the Communist Party 党拥护者
11. If the Creationist approach were taken seriously, what would remain of education? If evidence and reasoning are to be "balanced" by faith or feeling - what, then, would not belong in the curriculum? Even the theory that the Earth is flat has proponents who feel it is true. More to the point, what is to stop teachers from presenting any other nonrational view of the origin of man? Why not give equal time to, say, the Nazi claim the white race descended from the superior Aryans?
to the point:Concerning or with relevance to the matter at hand:
切题的,切中的:有关正在讨论的事件的,或与正在讨论的事件有关的:
e.g. remarks that were to the point; 和本题相关的话;
rambled and would not speak to the point.
随便地乱讲却不讲与本题相关的
Aryan n. 亚利安语
亚利安人 (在纳粹德国指犹太人以外的白种人, 尤指北欧的)
12. The most ominous implication of the Creationist position is its belief that, in judging the truth of an idea, one can simply ignore rational evidence - if it clashes with one's desire to believe otherwise. This is a disastrous methodology to inculcate in our children - and it is even more dangerous to back it up with the ruling of a government body.
Inculcate v 1) To impress (something) upon the mind of another by frequent instruction or repetition; instill:
反复灌输:通过不断的说明或重复以加深(某事)在别人心中的印象;灌输:
e.g. inculcating sound principles. 反复灌输正确的原则
2) To teach (others) by frequent instruction or repetition; indoctrinate: 谆谆教诲:通过不断的说明或重复来教育(别人);教训:
e.g. inculcate the young with a sense of duty.
向年轻人灌输责任感
13. The crucial role of education is to provide young people with the information and methods they need in order to learn how to think independently. Education has liberated mankind from the shackles of myth, superstition and unchallenged tradition. But the prevailing trend - from both the "progressive left" and the "religious right" -- is to reverse this development, by enshrining feeling over facts and faith over reason.
14. If campaigns such as the one against teaching evolution are allowed to succeed, the ultimate result will be the extinction of genuine education.
1. From the passage, we know that the genuine education is ___learning to think_____.
A. teaching of facts. B. teaching of reasoning skills.
C. learning to think. D. both A and B.
2. What does the Progressive Education emphasize ______?
A. facts B. feelings
C. the facts of history, mathematics or geography. D. facts and feelings
3. From the passage, what does the anti-evolution policies really mean_______?
A. they support the teaching of evolution
B. they support the teaching of “Creationism”---the biblical claim that the Earth and all life on it were created in six days
C. they support not only the teaching of evolution, but also the teaching of “Creationism”---the biblical claim that the Earth and all life on it were created in six days
D. they excise evolution from the required curriculum.
4. What is the purpose of religious activities_____?
A. to keep students ignorant of the theory of evolution.
B. to encourage the teaching of evolution and Creationism side-by-side, as two “competing” theories.
C. to keep students knowing what is “Creationism”
D. to excise evolution from the required curriculum.
5. Why do the religious activists reject the teaching of evolution ____?
A. because evolution lacks “sufficient evidence.”
B. because religious activists dismiss the evidence.
C. because evolution contradicts biblical dogma
D. because the central issue is whether science as such, rather than faith, is the basis for arriving at conclusions.
6. Which proof is not mentioned by Scientists who want to prove evolution is true_____?
A. billion-year-long fossil record of continuous changes across all species as they develop from more-primitive to present-day forms
B. the natural variations among members of a species, variations that change from one climate to another as species adapt to their environment
C. both A and B D. evolution lacks “sufficient evidence.”
7. There is no scientific debate between these two positions what does the author mean______?
A. science rests on observation and reason.
B. faith rests on blind faith.
C. the basis for arriving at conclusions is different between these two positions.
D. science is enough scientific evidence to validate a particular conclusion.
8. For arriving at conclusions, science rests on_________________________________.
9. The ominous implication of the creationist position is____________________________.
10. If a campaign which is against teaching evolution is allowed to succeed, it will cause ________________________________________.
第一题,C
解析:定位原文第一段The essence of education is the teaching of facts and reasoning skills to our children, so that they learn to think。
第二题,B
解析:定位原文第二段our schools have been under assault by an approach to education that elevates feelings over facts.
Under the influence of Progressive Education – It is now more important than getting him in touch with the facts of history, mathematics or geography.
第三题:D.
解析:定位原文:第五段These policies do not actually ban the teaching of evolution, nor do they mandate the teaching of “Creationism”-the biblical claim that the Earth and all life on it were created in six days .They simply drop evolution from the required curriculum .
第四题:B
解析:定位原文:第五段The goal of the religious activities is to keep students ignorant of the theory of evolution, or to encourage the teaching of evolution and Creationism side-by-side, as two “competing” theories.
第五题:C
解析:第八段Some of these religious activists claim that they reject the teaching of evolution because it is “unproven,” since it lacks “sufficient evidence.”第九段But the Creationist categorically dismisses the evidence—because it contradicts biblical dogma.
第六题:D
解析:第九段Scientists can point to a billion-year-long fossil record of continuous changes across all species as they develop from more-primitive to present-day forms. They can point to the natural variations among members of a species, variations that change from one climate to another as species adapt to their environment.
第七题:C
解析:第十段the central issue is not whether there is enough scientific evidence to validate a particular conclusion-but whether science as such, rather than faith, is the basis for arriving at conclusions, There can be no scientific debate between these two positions. There can be no rational argument between a view that rests on observation and reason, and one that rests on blind
第八题:observation and reason
解析:第十段the central issue is not whether there is enough scientific evidence to validate a particular conclusion-but whether science as such, rather than faith, is the basis for arriving at conclusions, There can be no scientific debate between these two positions. There can be no rational argument between a view that rests on observation and reason, and one that rests on blind
第九题:its belief that ,in judging the truth of an idea
或者judging the truth of an idea
解析:第十二段The most ominous implication of the creationist position is its belief that ,in judging the truth of an idea
第十题:the extinction of genuine education
解析:If campaigns such as the one against teaching evolution are allowed to succeed , the ultimate result will be the extinction of genuine education .下载本文