练习参
（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）
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PART TWO The United States
Chapter Eight The Land
P. 209—210
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.
2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.
3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.
4. June, 14th, June 14th.
5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.
6. 36, 36 states.
7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.
8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A B C D 5. C D
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
IV Answer the following questions.
1. (1) At first the Continent was named as “America” after explorer Amerigo Vespucci.
(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies first used “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.
(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when the Second Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.
2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteen colonies.
White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.
3. The stars and strips have different meanings.
Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteen
colonies before the independence of America.
4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”, a poem written during the War of 1812.
The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The Anacreontic
Song” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).
(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 18, and was made the national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.
5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.
During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it was repainted white.
President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.
P. 213
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.
2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.
3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.
4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.
5. Alaska, Texas.
6. Arctic, glaciers.
II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F
III Answer the following questions.
1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provide convenient sea routes for foreign trade.
(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorable conditions for foreign trade and the fishing industry.
(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorable for agriculture.
2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The border was demilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.
Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the same language, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.
Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading partner for years) that the two countries have established the North American Free Trade Agreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed and richest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’s welfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).
To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but also unnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither people worry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in their country for a long time.
3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the American side) against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S. are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world. Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.
4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is located between the Arctic and Pacific oceans, so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.
5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, the best place to enjoy the oceanic scenery.
It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.
The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.
P. 221—222
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.
2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.
3. the Rockies, the father of waters.
4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.
5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.
6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.
7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.
8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.
9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.
10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. A B C 2. D 3. A D 4. A B 5. D
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T
IV Answer the following questions.
1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.
In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.
2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountains are relatively low, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.
These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.
3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km. from the Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.
With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father of waters”. The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.
4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’s fresh water. All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River. They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.
The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.
5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, and covers a distance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is still a cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the “breadbasket” of America.
The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River. It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.
P. 224--225
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. little, 63%.
2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.
3. Bingham.
4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.
5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.
6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.
II. Respond to the following items.
1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little trouble with water shortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerous fertile valleys.
2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests are in the states of Washington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.
3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, and thousands of immigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.
4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves are to be found in the Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.
Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and the
most important mining area is in Minnesota.
P. 226--227
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.
2. temperate, tropical.
3. temperate, north, hurricanes.
4. maritime, distinct, similar.
5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.
6. temperate, temperature.
II Answer the following questions.
1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But, owing to its large size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, the climate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.
2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a long cold winter, and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.
The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.
3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is very cold in winter and very hot in summer, with often strong winds.
4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremely cold; summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.
P. 232
I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T
P. 237
I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.
1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco
2. Niagara Falls
3. Las Vegas
4. Red Rock Country
5. The Grand Canyon
6. Disneyland
P. 240
I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F
Chapter Nine The People and Their Culture
P. 243
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为 in 2012.)
2. 1%, high, below.
3. urban, 250.
4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.
5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.
6. California, Texas.
II Answer the following questions.
1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White is the main stream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics 16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.
2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, but almost 1/2 of the total population lives there.
3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas, an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.
4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.
Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.
The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.
P. 247--248
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. 55 million, Mexico.
2. variety, 100, 31.
3. African Americans, slaves.
4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.
5. Texas, New Mexico.
6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.
II Answer the following questions.
1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a country of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot” of the US and gradually forming a new nation.
2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westward to live in these barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.
But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems
3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half of Hispanic Americans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin. Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.
P. 250--251
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. 337, 176.
2. Spanish, French.
3. English, American.
4. Spanish, Spanish.
5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.
6. their native, English.
II Answer the following questions.
1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and 52 languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.
2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are some changes in spelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.
3. Spanish is the second most common language in America. The United States holds the world’s fifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico. Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.
4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood and Miami, Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.
P. 253--254
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. high adherence, diversity.
2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.
3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.
4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.
5. African Americans, African slaves.
6. India, Asian countries.
II Answer the following questions.
1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from American Constitution. The First Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.
2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics, education, charity and culture) as well as in its international relations. American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights and criticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.
Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations. A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world, and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.
3. Their basic beliefs include the love of learning; the worship of God out of love, not out of fear; and the performing of the heartfelt good deeds without concerning about rewards.
4. The major non-Christian religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism, etc.
P. 257
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. racial, cultural
2. hard work
3. formal class system
4. “do-it-yourself”
5. The Epic of America
P. 261-262
I Fill in the blanks with names of the holidays.
Presidents Day
P. 2
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. 1935
2. Franklin Roosevelt
3. Aid to families with Dependent Children (AFDC)
4. Medicare
P. 270
I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
P. 275
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. Baseball
2. American football
3. the Dream Team
4. the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, the US Open
5. mixed martial arts
P. 279
I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T
P. 286-287
I Link the following great names with famous sayings below them.
B, A, J, D, F, C, E, I, G, H
Chapter Ten A Brief History of the United States
P. 290-291
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. a broad land bridge
2. adapted to the different environments they lived in
3. hunting, fishing
4. collective
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. C 3. C (书中C选项中的第四个词 “no”删掉) 4. C 5. A
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T
IV Answer the following questions.
1. Menzies argued that Zhenghe discovered North America much earlier than Columbus did. He presented many archeological findings of Chinese articles in North America which were believed to be left behind by Zheng’s fleet.
2. Some Native Americans tribes lived in the eastern woods, some in the western deserts, others along the coastal areas, therefore different cultures and languages evolved due to the different environment conditions.
3. Native Americans had developed a relative high civilization (some could plant maize and bean, some could build dams and big houses with many rooms, while others could also weave clothes and make pottery). They had collective ownership of means of production and women in some tribe enjoyed high status.
4. Native Americans believed that everything in nature had spiritual power. Damaging the environment such as overfishing would offend the spiritual power in nature and get punished.
5. The continent of America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who made many descriptions of the new continent in his letters and people then thought he had first discovered North America.
P. 293-294
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. several times larger
2. New Netherland
3. West India
4. make France the most powerful nation in Europe and North America
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. B
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F
IV Answer the following questions.
1. Spanish colonists came to North America to find gold, to serve their king and to spread their religion.
2. People from many places lived together peacefully, they spoke many different languages, had different religions, they learned to be tolerant and contributed to the diversity in today’s America.
3. King Louis XIV wanted to develop New France to make France stronger than Great Britain and Spain by exploiting the natural resources in New France.
4. The major colonies established by major European powers included New Spain, New Netherland, New France and the British colonies in North America. Most colonies were established through the use of force because European settlers were militarily more powerful than Native Americans who had only primitive weapons such as spears and arrows.
P. 297-298
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. Jamestown, Georgia
2. Puritans wanted to be able to communicate with God directly through reading the Bible to understand God; education was also important in cultivating democracy among its citizens.
3. build a school supported by tax
4. diversified, cosmopolitan and tolerant
5. rural and engaged in farming
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. A
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F
IV Answer the following questions.
1. Because they were persecuted back in Britain and they wanted to establish “a city upon hill” in the New World for the rest of the world to look upon.
2. Because some colonies were merged in larger ones and there were thirteen colonies before the American War for Independence.
3. The differences were a result of different climate patterns, different settlers and their values and beliefs.
4. The Mayflower Compact was important because it expressed people’s will to govern by themselves. It started the democratic election of leaders and people reached a consensus that they would abide by the just and equal laws passed by their chosen leaders.
5. Slavery was mostly in the southern colonies because of the climate condition in the South where summer is long and hot while winter short and warm. The land is also rich. Therefore, natural conditions makes planting of cotton, tobacco and rice based on slavery profitable in the South (while the white were either unfit or too proud to till the land in the hot climate).
P. 301-302
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. a high degree of autonomy, liberties and democracy
2. they were actually British subjects and needed British protection
3. they believed that only their chosen representatives had the power to tax them.
4. the closing of the port of Boston, depriving the self-rule of Massachusetts
5. appealing to the English king to abolish the Intolerable Acts
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. D
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F
IV Answer the following questions.
1. After the Seven Years’ War, Britain tightened its economic and political control over the colonists, who resisted the British control because they had been used to a high-degree autonomy and democracy.
2. They were named the “Intolerable Acts” because the measures were intolerable to the colonists. The Acts hurt the economic interests and violated rights of the colonists. The acts included closing the port of Boston, the deprivation of self-rule of Massachusetts and others.
3. The colonists were united and they enjoyed the advantages of being familiar with the home battleground. They also received foreign aid from France, Spain and the Netherlands.
4. The Declaration of Independence is significant because it announced colonists’ belief (the first in the world) that all people are equal and have some natural rights (life, liberty, etc.) that cannot be violated. It also establishes a political principle that a government should protect people’s rights since its power comes from people. If a government violates people’s rights, people then have the right to overthrow it and establish a new one that can serve people well.
The American Revolution is important because it gave birth to the first modern republic in the world. It is the first time that colonies defeated tyrannical oppressors and won independence, setting a good example for other colonies.
5. Maybe the American Revolution could have ended in failure.
P. 307-308
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. the expanded areas lied west to the earliest colonies
2. millions of acres of land
3. through war, purchase and threats.
4. the Manifest Destiny
5. opportunities to realize their dreams
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. BC 3. D 4. D 5. D
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
IV Answer the following questions.
1. Politically, it laid the foundation for the U.S. to become a world power; economically, it financed the American development; culturally, it is the source of many literary creations and helped to forge the American national character.
2. Many aspects of the American national character can find their roots in the Westward Movement such as mobility, independence, optimism and creativity.
3. It was in nature an excuse to justify their aggressive expansion.
4. American Indians were the real owners of the land and surely resisted the expansion of the whites. To get their land, the whites repeatedly killed, expelled and mercilessly exploited the Indians. Many Indian tribes died out and the survivors were driven to Indian reservations. Many Indians are still living in poverty.
5. Agriculture was greatly enhanced in the West; agriculture fed the people and revenue financed the American economic growth; it also contributed a great deal to the American Industrialization by providing rich resources, cheap labor and a huge market for industrial products.
P. 311-312
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. willingly
2. unified, high/protective, free
3. would be solved by itself
4. abolitionists, abolition
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. B 2. ABCD 3. ABCD 4. AD 5. D
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
IV Answer the following questions.
1. Slavery broke up the domestic market, making the free movement of capital and labor impossible.
2. Politically, the balance between the North and South was broken when more states entered the Union as free states and the South was afraid that the North would try to abolish slavery when the North could gather enough votes to pass laws unfavorable to the South; economically, the North wanted to develop capitalism which demanded free labor, high tariffs and a unified market and the South wanted to retain its plantation economy based on slavery; culturally, many people opposed slavery because of its inhumanity, anti-equality and anti-democracy nature.
3. After the announcement of the Emancipation of Proclamation, hundreds of blacks joined the Union army to fight for their freedom; the nature of the American Civil War was also elevated to a new level, the liberation of a race from defending the unity of a nation.
4. Slaves were treated like animals; they could be traded and used to pay off debts or sent to others as gifts, many slave families were broken at slave auctions; they did hard work all their life through, many died prematurely because of poor food and shelter, overwork and beating from overseers.
5. The South won many battles because firstly, they had a long military tradition in the south with many generals and good soldiers; secondly they were mostly fighting defensively, which is much easier than offensive attacks; thirdly, they were well prepared; they lost the war because the North was much stronger and comprehensive strength advantages of the North helped it winning the War.
P. 315-316
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. domestic, labor
2. 30, three
3. exceeded, one
4. political, economic and social
II Choose the best answer(S) that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. C 3. ABCD 4. D 5. D
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
IV Answer the following questions.
1. If nothing was done to address the general dissatisfaction among people which was growing strong, revolution could have taken place in the U.S.
2. It was called “progressive” because it brought more justice and equality as well as changes to the disprivileged people in their life and work. It also helped to reduce some of the ill-effects of capitalism and industrialization.
3. In a sense, yes, because otherwise greater social upheavals would be possible.
P. 320-321
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. guarantee trade access to China
2. if Germany won the war, American loans to Britain and France (as well as their shared values of democracy and political systems) may be endangered; also Germany was instigating Mexico to declare war on the U.S.
3. Germany was launching warfare against mankind and the U.S. wanted to “make the world safe for democracy”
4. establish a new world order based on American ideals and values
5. realize its dream to be a world leader
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. D
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T
IV Answer the following questions.
1. It broke out because the imperialist powers competed fiercely for world market and the supply of raw materials, among some other reasons.
2. Because staying out of the war served American interests best so it could sell arms to the warring countries. It changed its position three years later because its national interests required it to enter the war because if Germany won the war, American loans to Britain and France as well as the value system it shared with Britain and France would be endangered.
3. The Monroe Doctrine was a foreign policy by President Monroe in 1823 which stated that the European attempts to colonize land in America or interfere with American states were acts of aggression to the U.S.
4. The Fourteen Points Plan was a speech by President Wilson to Congress in 1918 about U.S. ideals of a new world after WWI, which included freedom of the seas, free trade, disarmament and decolonization and national self-determination. The plan met sharp opposition from American allies because the ideas hurt their interests: Wilson was forced to compromise on many of his ideals. In the end, the Treaty of Versailles went against many of the principles of the Fourteen Points.
5. The Americans were very disappointed with the results of the Treaty of Versailles and refused to ratify the treaty or to join the League of Nations. They retreated into isolationism until the Pearl Harbor attack.
P. 324-325
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. Lend-Lease
2. Dec. 7th
3. May, August 15th
4. a superpower and the world leader
5. deal with economic depression and high unemployment
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. ABC 3. D 4. D 5. ABCD
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F
IV Answer the following questions.
1. It is the worst disaster that had hit the U.S. in history. Between 1929 and 1933, the U.S. GDP fell around 30%, the stock market lost almost 90% of its value. In 1929, the unemployment rate rose from about 3% in 1929 to above 25% in 1933. Many people suffered from hunger and coldness and became homeless.
2. Many people could not afford to rent a house or were expelled from their homes.
3. The U.S. had a long history of isolationism. People realized its importance even before the founding of the U.S., because such a policy served its interests best.
4. It boosted the morale of the people under Fascists’ attack and provided urgently needed aid to them, which accelerated their victory against Fascists.
5. Because it supplied a large part of the weapons needed to the countries under fascist attacks to defend their liberty and world democracy; and the whole of U.S. turned into an ammunition factory to produce weapons and war materials.
P. 330-331
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. founding, headquarters
2. most
3. 700,000
4. eight, Beijing
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. ABC 3. D 4. CD 5. ABCD
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T
IV Answer the following questions.
1. The US economy is the largest single national economy as well as the largest importer of commodities and the largest exporter of services; the US dollar is the most important international reserve currency and currency for international settlement; and it is the largest international investor and the largest destination for FDI, to name a few of the causes.
2. Gold reserve is very important to the stability of a country’s financial market when many countries are competing to devaluing their currencies through printing paper notes while gold production is very limited.
3. The U.S. dollar is the most important world currency and no other one can replace it in the foreseeable future.
4. It is a part of the so-called American “soft power” or “smart power” because the penetration of cultural power is not easily perceived and hard to resist such as pop music and Hollywood films.
5. The U.S. has had the largest military spending in the world since WWII and will not easily give up its military advantages over its rivals (we can see it from President Obama’s remark in the 2010 State Of Union Address that he does not accept “the second place for the U.S.” was warmly applauded) because the U.S. has been creating “enemies” simply to justify its huge military spending or keep fresh the sense of challenge and urgency among its decision-makers. Its military-industrial complex (军工集团) is also so influential in US politics that any cut in military spending is fiercely resisted.
Chapter Eleven The Government and Political Parties
P. 333-334
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1.50
2.the legislative, the executive, the judicial
3.independently
4.checks and balances
II Try to illustrate “checks and balances” in the three branches system based on the following words.
The President can veto bills approved by Congress and the President nominates individuals to serve in the Federal judiciary; the Supreme Court can declare a law enacted by Congress or an action by the President unconstitutional; Congress can impeach the President, Federal court justices and judges.
III Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C
IV Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F
P. 337-338
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1.American congress, the Senate, the House of Representatives
2.make federal laws 3. The vice president
4. The House of Representatives
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A 5.D
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.F
IV Answer the following question.
Because the Senate is smaller and its members serve longer terms. It has several exclusive powers not granted to the House, for example, the power to confirm or reject important nominations proposed by the President as well as the power to ratify or reject proposed treaties with foreign countries. It has the sole power to hear charges filed by the House of Representatives against high-level officials for alleged wrongdoings, and to find them guilty.
VI Briefly illustrate the procedure of how a law or a bill is made. Here are some bulletin points.
See section 1.1.3
P. 341-343
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. executive, the Vice President
2. Commander-in-chief, the Secretary of State, the Senate
3. the people, Electoral College
4. the President, the major departments(called secretaries)
5. the President on important issues
6. the White House Office, the National Security Council, the Council of Economic Advisors, the Office of Management and Budget
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.ABD
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T
V Answer the following question.
The Cabinet and the organization of Executive Branch
.
P. 345-346
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. the Supreme Court, the District Courts
2. District Court
3. Court of Appeals
4. Highest State Court of Appeals
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T
IV Answer the following question.
The federal court system is comprised of District Courts (94 of them), Circuit Courts of Appeal (12 of them) and the Supreme Court. District courts are the trial courts. The circuit courts are the appellate court, charged with reviewing the decisions of the trial courts. The Supreme Court is the court of last resort in the federal system.
P. 350-351
I Fill in the blanks in the following table.
1.Democrats, Republicans
2.Election Day
3.The senate, the House of Representatives
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.F
IV Answer the following question.
The US Presidential Election Process is strictly guided by the Constitution of the United States of America. According to this guideline, the Electoral College makes use of similar tickets to elect both the President and Vice President of the country. The US Election Procedures are held under the strict authority and supervision of the local election board.
Chapter Twelve The Law, Police and Military
P. 354
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. constitutional law
2. statutory law
3. administrative regulations
4. the common law
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1.T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T
V Answer the following question.
The American legal system features a complexity resulting from American federalism. The Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States, is the basis of the American legal system. All other laws are subordinate to the document. Within the federal structure, each state retains a substantial degree of autonomy. Each has its own constitution, statutes made by its own legislature, and a body of case law created by its own courts. So it can be said that instead of one uniform set of laws America has fifty one a set of laws for each of the fifty states and one for the federation.
P. 356-357
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. the United States Marshals Service (USMS)
the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP)
2.FBI
3.CIA
II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F
III Please try to explain the terms below.
1. FBI is the abbreviation of Federal Bureau of Investigation, which is the investigative arm of the US Department of Justice. The mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorists and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners.
2. CIA is the abbreviation of the Central Intelligence Agency, which is an independent government organization, founded under the National Security Act of 1947. The mission of the CIA is to support the president, the NSC, and other officials by providing accurate, comprehensive, and timely foreign intelligence on national security topics, among other responsibilities.
3. NSC is the abbreviation of the National Security Council, which is the President's principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials, and is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States. The Council also serves as the president's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies.
IV Answer the following question.
The FBI is the investigative arm of the US Department of Justice while the CIA is an independent government organization. The FBI is primarily a law enforcement agency, collecting intelligence related to domestic security and performing crime investigation. The CIA is an international intelligence agency which is not responsible for domestic security. The primary difference between the two can be illustrated in their names: the FBI investigates crimes, and the CIA gathers intelligence. The CIA may pass information regarding domestic security on to the FBI.
P. 360-361
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. The President
2. the Army, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the Air Force
3. the active component, the Army National Guard
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C, D 5. D
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. T 2. T 3. T 4. T
Chapter Thirteen The Economy
P. 365-366
Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions
1California
Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C
Decide which of the following statements is true.
1T 3.F 4. F
Answer the following questions
1. a. Generally, the vast farmland, fertile soil and moderate climate make it possible to
produce many kinds of farm products in large quantities.
b. With a high level of mechanization and technology, good organization, as well as
supportive federal subsidies and loans, American farms are very productive and
efficient.
c. Large capital investments and increasing use of highly trained labor have also
contributed to the success of American agriculture. Biotechnology has led to the
development of new strains of seeds, and fertilizers and pesticides are commonly
used.
2. They are corn, soybean, wheat, rice, tobacco, sorghum, cotton, fruit and sugarcane.
P. 373-374
Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions
1. US, China 2. Ford, Chrysler, GM 3. the Third Technology Revolution
4. 26% 5. information technology, biotechnology
Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A
Decide which of the following statements are true.
1. T 2. F 3.T 4. F 5. F
Answer the following questions
1. Many factors have contributed to the development of American industry. First, after the War of American Independence, the Capitalist System was established in US, which accelerated the development of industry. Second, the US is far away from the disordered Europe and near to the weaker neighbors; third, the large area and abundant resources become the natural condition for its development. Fourth, the big population, especially the great number of immigration, not only provides enough labors, but also vast markets.
2. Since the 1980s, the development of different sectors of American industry appears to be imbalanced. On one hand, the traditional industries have started to decline. On the other hand, the newly-raised high technology industries are trending ever upward. To some extent, the tendency to decline is offset by the development of the new industries.
P. 378-379
Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions
1. raw materials, finished goods 2. WTO 3. FTA 4. Agriculture product
Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1.C 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C
Decide which of the following statements are true.
1.T 2. F 3.T 4. F 5. F
Answer the following questions
1.The major import commodities: most of them are labor-intensive, including diamonds, machinery, textile products, leather products, agricultural products, together with a continuous supply of raw materials, including manganese, crude petroleum, nickel, and bauxite.
The major export commodities: agricultural products, machinery and transportation equipment, civil aircraft, service, technology and weapons, household appliances, communication equipment, chemical products, and electronic equipment.
2.The recession in 2008 led American trade to a severe downturn. Although the decline in year-to-date figures from 2008 to 2009 has been significant, the US goods and services trade is still stable. On a monthly basis, November 2009 represents the seventh consecutive month that goods and services trade have increased.
P. 382-283
Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions
1. air-sea-land transportation service 2. national parks 3. Mexico, UK, Canada
4. second 5. 155, 20
Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1.C 2. C 3. C 4. B
Decide which of the following statements are true.
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
Answer the following questions
1. The United States is a nation with developed tourism. Tourism is an important factor to economic growth, job creation and the stimulation of infrastructure development.
2.Its vast territory, magnificent and varied natural sights and modern cosmopolitan cities appeal to a lot of people all over the world. Moreover, the quick and convenient air-sea-land transportation service makes tourism possible to be one of the pillar industries.
3.In 2001, the “9·11” attack was a heavy blow to American tourism. The number of tourists from overseas was just 41.2 million. But with the joint effort of the government and tourism organizations, it has fully recovered and has kept increasing since 2006. The total arrivals were up to 9 percent from 2000.
4.For many years, the tourism revenue of US has ranked the first around the whole world. The US travel and tourism industry generates nearly $1.3 trillion in economic output and $116 billion in tax revenue for the US economy and supports more than 8.2 million American jobs each year. In the year 2009, travel and tourism exports accounted for 24% of US services exports and 8% of all US exports. At the same time, the United States enjoys a $21.1 billion travel and tourism balance of trade surplus.
P. 388-3
Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions
1. $, 100, Federal Reserve System, Greenback 2. Bretton Woods System, gold
3. Federal Reserve System, commercial banks 4. AAA, AA+ 5. deposit, loan
6. Lehman Brothers
Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1.B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B
Decide which of the following statements are true.
1.T 2. F 3.F 4.F 5.T
Answer the following questions
1.There are 7 denominations in American paper money.
The characters on them are:
$1: George Washington $2: Thomas Jefferson $5: Abraham Lincoln
$10: Alexander Hamilton $20: Andrew Jackson $50: Ulysses S. Grant
$100: Benjamin Franklin
2.The Banking system of the United States is mainly composed of the Federal Reserve System and nation’s commercial banks. The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of the United States. There are totally 1,711 commercial banks in US. The nation’s commercial banks can be divided into three types—national banks, state banks and private banks.
3.The Federal Reserve’s duties fall into four general areas: (1) Conducting America’s monetary policy; (2) Supervising and regulating banks and protects consumers’ credit rights; (3) Maintaining the stability of America’s financial system; (4) Providing financial services to the US Government, the public, financial institutions, and foreign financial institutions.
P. 392-393
Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions
1. Highways 2. state, local 3. New York City 4. privately
Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1.A 2. C 3. A 4.C 5. C
Decide which of the following statements are true.
1. T 2. F 3.F 4.T 5.F
Answer the following questions
1.In the United States, a vast network of railroads, highways and airlines provide convenient transportation of passengers as well as goods. Passenger transportation is dominated by a network of highways. In descending order, most cargo travels by railroad, truck, pipeline, or boat; air shipping is typically used only for perishables and premium express shipments.
2.It was in 1950S.
3. Yes. New York City Subway is a large transit system with the biggest volume of passenger transportation. New York is also one of the major seaports in the United States. New York City is the top international air passenger gateway to the United States. New York is the busiest air gateway in the nation. John F. Kennedy International (also known as JFK) is one of the three major airports, with Newark Liberty International and La Guardia, used by more than 104 million passengers in 2011 serving the city.
4. Buffalo—Erie Canal—Lake Ontario—Atlantic Ocean—UK
5. The Erie Canal links the Great Lakes and the Atlantic. With this canal, ships can reach the ocean through each of the five inland lakes. The Erie Canal greatly lowered the cost of shipping between the Mid-west and the Northeast, bringing much lower food costs to Eastern cities and manufactured goods to the Mid-west. The canal also made an immense contribution to the wealth and importance of New York City, Buffalo, and New York State. It increases trade throughout the nation by opening eastern and overseas markets to Midwestern farm products and by enabling migration to the West.
P. 397
Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions
1. telegraph, post, telephone
2. Radio Corporation
3. mobile phones, 302.9 million
4. privately
5. technology innovation, adjustment
Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D
Decide which of the following statements are true.
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
Answer the following questions
1. Information economy refers to an economy with an increased emphasis on informational activities and information industry, in which knowledge is the primary raw material and source of value. In a typical conceptualization, however, information economy is considered a "stage" or "phase" of an economy, coming after stages of hunting, agriculture, and manufacturing. It is characterized by (1) convergence and integration of communication and data processing technologies into information technology (IT), (2) pervasive influence of IT on economic activity such that the most workers are information workers and most products are information products, and (3) application of IT networks throughout the economic institutions, organizations, and processes resulting in a very high degree flexibility, weakening of regulatory control, and acceleration of globalization.
2. In the USA, it is the mobile phone that claims the most users.
The traditional communication ways are mainly telegraph, post and telephone. The invention and diffusion of fixed phone and mobile phones lead to the decline of telegraph and post. As of December, 2010, American fixed phones are 150 million, while the mobile phone subscribers number 302.9 million, which accounts for 96% of the whole population.
Chapter Fourteen American Diplomacy and Relations with China
P. 409-410
I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
1. neutrality
2. Isolationism
3. Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines
4. ended/gave up, the establishment of the world united front against Fascism
5. 1784, “Empress of China”
6. exclude Chinese
7. Lend-Lease
8. $ 2 billion to $ 385 billions.
II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. ABCD 2. C 3. ABCD 4. CD 5. ABCD
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F
IV Answer the following questions.
1. Trade with European countries was very important to the U.S. Neutrality made it possible for the U.S. to continue the trade with the warring countries.
2. Isolationism started from the first American government till WWI when the U.S. was involved in internationalism briefly. Americans were disappointed with the result of the Peace Treaty of Versailles and refused to ratify it and retreated to isolationism again until the Pearl Harbor attack by Japan, which prompted the U.S. to join WWII and formally ended its isolationism ever since.
3. The Monroe Doctrine was simply an excuse to exclude the interference of European powers into the affairs in the American continent. It very well demonstrated the American wish to dominate the American continent.
4. President Roosevelt provided aid to countries under fascist attack mainly through Lend-Lease Act. In the case of China, he authorized the establishment of the American Volunteers’ Group which is popularly known as the “Flying Tiger”.
5. When the Soviet Union collapsed, the U.S. lost its arch-rival and its balance and check. The U.S. became more and more aggressive.
