个 性 化 教 学 教 案 | ||||||
授课时间:2014-5-31 | 课时:2H | |||||
年级:初一 课程:Unit4同步复习及知识拓展 | 学生姓名:田颖洁 教师姓名:黄玲 | |||||
教学目标 | 1.能够掌握本节课出现的重点短语和句子; 2. 能够掌握课文中出现的重点句子。 | |||||
重难点 | 掌握课文中出现的重点句子及语法重点 | |||||
教学过程 | Unit 4 Body language 1.a. 重点词汇和短语 misunderstand, similar, facial, expression, agreement, yawn, chest, gesture, adult, punish b. 重点句型或交际用语 Act out the following meanings, please. Please guess what I mean. Please show the actions, using body language. Now it is your turn to show the action / gesture. Please use either spoken words or body language to express your ideas. Please use both spoken words and body language to express your ideas. 2 .重点词语 Read the following statements.(p25) Statement n. 陈述 说明 With all due respect,I really can not agree with your last statement . 拓展延伸 State vt. 陈述 阐明 声明 规定 指定(日期 地点 价钱等), n. 状态 状况 情况(通常与a 相连用,在不定冠词前用介词in) The spokesman stated that the treaty would be signed on 15th June. Tickets must be used on the stated state . The room was in a very dirty state. 近义词辨析 state /nation / country state 着重指政权,国家机器 nation着重指人民,可译作“民族,国民(总称)country 着 重指疆土,国土,家园。 练习: 单项填空 从A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. We have friends _________ , though we are a developing country. A. all the same B. all the time C. all our lives D. all over the world 2. —When shall we go to visit her? —Take your time. I’ll ________you at your office then. A. call B. call on C. call at D. call for 3. I don’t like this one. Show me ________ . A. other B. another C. others D. the other Period two reading a. 词汇和短语 major, local, represent, curious, Columbia, introduce, approach, touch, cheek, stranger, spoken, express, action, Jordan, nod, general, avoid, comedy b. 重点句子 Yesterday, another student and I , representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’ international students. …I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. 单元必会短语: 1.take action 采取行动 2.put sb. at ease 使……平静|安逸 3.be prepared to 准备好做…… 4.close to接近 5.be likely to do sth. 很可能 6.be willing to do 乐意干…… 7.show respect for sb. 尊敬某人 8.send sb. to do sth. 派某人做…… 9.look at sb.in the eye 正视某人 10..nod at sb. 向某人点头 11.reach out one’s hand 伸手 12.shake hands with sb. 和某人握手 13.facial expression 面部表情 高考考点1 1.major adj.较大的;较多的;主要的;主修的 vi.(与in连用)(在大学里)攻读,专修,主修 n.少校,成年人,大学主修科目,主修专业学生 1. The car needs major repairs.这辆车需要大修。 2. English is one of our major subjects.英语是我们的主修课之一。 3. The majority of students believe smoking is harmful to health.大多数学生认为,吸烟对身体有害。 4 People holding conservative views in the majority at the meeting.在这次会议上,持保守意见的占多数。 5. He won the election by a large majority.他因得票多而竞选获胜。 a major road 主干道 a major city 主要城市 a major operation 大手术 the major part/portion 主要部分 major subjects 主修课程 majority n.多数,大部分 the majority of=greater number of,它后面跟的名词必须是可数名词,不能跟不可数名词 比较;most大部分 ;大多数adj/代词前不用the, 如:most students/ most of the students mostly adv. 主要地 in a/the majority 大多数 by a/the majority 则特指在竞选中的得胜者或得胜方与对方的票数的差距。 高考考点2 .curious adj.好奇的,求知的,古怪的,爱挑剔的 1. It is good to be curious about the world around you.对你周围的世界感到新奇是件好事。 2. I heard a curious noise last night.昨晚我听到一个奇怪的声音。 3. Curiously enough, a year later exactly the same thing happened again.说来也怪,一模一样的事情在一年后又发生了。 be curious about sth.对(某事)感到好奇 be curious to (do)很想(做);渴望(做) (be) curious to say说来稀奇 curiosity n.好奇心 satisfy his curiosity满足他的好奇心 provoke some curiosity引起某种好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇地 curiously adv. 好奇地 高考考点3 .represent vt.代表;表现;描绘 1. What does Y represent in this equation?这个方程式中的Y代表什么? 2. The dove represents peace.鸽子象征和平。 3. They said that they represented the committee.他们说他们代表该委员会。 4. She is the club’s representative at the convention.她是该俱乐部派来参加会议的代表。 represent sb. as / to be 宣称某人为…… represent sth. to sb. 向……说明/传达…… represent sth/sb.as sth/sb.把……描绘成…… representation n.表现;描述; 描绘表现形式 representative n.代表;代理人 活学活用: 1.The museum had several _______ the artist`s early style. 2.The law was passed by the ______ to the meeting. Keys: 1.representing 2.representatives 高考考点4. introduce vt.介绍,引进 1. He introduced me to a beautiful girl at the party. 他在晚会上 介绍我认识了一个漂亮女孩。 2.We want to introduce the latest technology into our factory.我们想把最新技术引进我们厂。 3.Milk and sugar had been introduced into the cat food.这种猫食里掺进了牛奶和糖。 introduce A to B 把A介绍给B introduce sth into 把……引进/ 到……中 introduction n. 介绍;引见;引进; 推行the introduction to new methods 新方法的采用、引进 a letter of introduction 介绍信 活学活用: We should take advantage of the new technology_____into our country to develop our heavy industries. Keys: introduced 高考考点5. approach vi.vt.接近,逼近,走进,方法,步骤,途径,通路 1. They approached the museum.他们走进博物馆。 2. The time is approaching when we must be on board.我们上船的时间快到了。 3. The approach of winter brings cold weather.冬天快到了,天气要转冷了。 4. All approaches were blocked.所有道路都堵塞了。 相关短语: at the approach of 在……快到的时候 be approaching (to) 与…差不多,大致相等 be difficult of approach (指地方)难到达的;(指人)难于接近的 be easy of approach (指地方)容易到达的,交通方便的;(指人)容易接近的 make an approach to 对……进行探 make approach to sb. 设法接近某人,想博得某人的好感 approach sb.on/about sth. 向某人接洽 approach to 接近,近似,约等于;(做某事)的方法 注意:approached 与 approaching意义不同,前者指“已经来临”,而后者是“正在接近”,如: 1. With summer approaching,a lot of people are busy preparing for their holidays at the seaside. 随着夏天渐渐接近,许多人正忙于准备到海边度假。 making approaches to strangers和陌生人打交道 present a new approach 提出一个新的方法 高考考点6 .touch vt.& vi.触摸;(使)接触;感动; n.接触;联系 1. Don’t touch anything in my room!不要动我房间中的任何东西! 2. The movie touched us deeply.电影深深打动了我们。 3. He kept in touch with several classmates.他和几位同学保持联系。 4. We were deeply touched by the sentimental movie.我们被那场感伤的电影深深地打动了。 touching adj.动人的;感人的 touched adj.受感动的 keep in touch with和……保持联系 lose touch with和……失去联系 be out of touch with 与……无联系 at a touch 一触即发 活学活用: 1.We were moved to tears by the____ movie. 2.Let`s _____ . 3.She lightly_____ his forehead. 4.We now ______ him by writing letters. 5.I _____ him since he went to Amereca. Keys: 1.touching 2.keep in touch 3.touched 4.keep in touch with 5.have lost touch with 高考考点7. express (1)adj.急速的,特殊的,明确的;特殊的;专门的;快速的;快递的 an express train /bus快车 (2)n.(=express train)快车,快递,专使;快递服务;快件服务 (3)vt.表达,表示 (4)adv.乘快车,以快递方式;快速地;用快递方式地 to sent the parcel express 用快递寄包裹 1. He can express himself in good clear English now after four years’ hard learning.经过四年的艰苦学习,现在他能用清楚流畅的英语表达自己的意思了。 2. The figures are expressed as percentages. 这些数字用百分数字表示 3. There was an expression of pleasure on her face.她脸上露出愉快的表情。 express oneself 表达自己的思想感情 express itself 显而易见; 不言而明 express way 高速公路 expression n.表示; 表达; 表情; 词句 expression of ideas 思想的表达 read with expression 有表情地朗读 活学活用: I can’t easily _____ to you how grateful I am for your help. Keys: epress 高考考点8. action n.动作,作用,战斗,行动,举动,行为 1. The time has come for action.行动的时间到了。 2. Actions are more important than words.做比说更重要。 3. I knew I need to take action.我知道我该采取行动。 be in action 在活动;在运转;在战斗 take action to do sth 采取措施做……=take measures/steps to do sth bring/call/take an action against sb .对……提起诉讼,控告 bring/call into action 使……参加战斗,发动;开动;使生效 put… into action实施 by/under the action of 在……作用下 go into action开始行动;投入战斗 go out of action停止运转 out of action 失效 注意: act与action的区别: 前者指具体的行为、短暂而简单的行动;着重于效果。 后者指抽象的行为、持续而复杂的行动;着重于行为的过程的作用。 1. He was caught in the act of breaking into the house. 他在破门而入的那一刻被逮住了。 2. Actions are more important than words. 行为比言词更为重要。 action作可数名词时意义和act一样: a kind act/action 一个仁慈的举动 acting adj. (无比较级)代理的,演出用的 n. 演戏;演技,表演的艺术;假装 active adj. 积极的,有活动力的 take an active part in 积极参加 be active in work 工作积极 activity n.活动 活学活用: I think immediate action should be______to prevent people from being affected by the bird flu. Keys; taken 高考考点9 .general adj.一般的;大体的 n.普通;将军;概要 1. Washington was a famous general.华盛顿是一位著名将领. 2. Give me a general idea of the work.告诉我这件工作的概括情况. 3. In general,I prefer a comedy to a tragedy.一般说来,我喜欢喜剧甚于悲剧. 4. John generally keeps silent at a meeting.John通常在会上保持沉默. 5. Generally speaking,we enjoyed the trip.总的来说,我们这次旅行很愉快. generally 一般,通常,一般地 in general 一般地;大体上;通常 generally speaking 一般地说 as a general rule 在通常的情况下 活学活用: 1.This is a _____magazine. 2.It is____ hot in summer. 3._____,young women like it better than older women do. 4.I_____ ride my bike to school. 5.The plan has been_____ accepted. Keys: 1.general 2.generally 3.Generally(speaking)/In general 4.generally 5.generally 高考考点10. avoid vt.避免;消除 1. I crossed the street to avoid meeting him 我横穿马路以便避开他。 2. Are you trying to avoid me?你是不是想躲开我? 3. She braked suddenly and avoided an accident.她紧急刹车,避免了一场车祸。 4. I avoided him as much as possible.我尽量避开他。 5. This delay seems unavoidable.这次耽搁看来是无法避免的。: avoid doing sth.逃避做某事 avoidable adj.可避免的 unavoidable adj.不能避免的,不可避免的 avoidance n. 防止 回避 比较 avoid/ escape 都有“避免”的意思 avoid 在做事之前有意避开 escape 在做某事的 过程中逃脱或逃离 She kept avoiding my eyes. She was lucky to escapt punishment. 跟-ing的词,下面的歌诀有助于记忆: 喜欢考虑不可免(enjoy,consider,escape,avoid); 停止放弃太冒险(stop,give up,risk); 反对想像莫推延(object,imagine,delay,put off); 要求完成是期盼(require,finish,look forward to); 建议继续勤操练(suggest,go on,practise); 不禁坚持求原谅(can’t help,excuse,insist on); 继续注意为成功(keep on,mind,succeed in) 活学活用: 1. The teacher reminded us not to make Any______mistakes. 2._____confusion,the teams wore different colours. 3. They all_____ mentioning that name. 4. Even if you try your best,some mistakes are still_____ . Keys: 1.avoidable 2. To avoid 3.avoided 4.unavoidable 高考考点11. similar adj.相似的;类似的 1. Her new dress is similar to the one you have.她的新衣服和你的那件相似。 2. His pen is the same as mine.他的钢笔和我的一样。 比较same与 similar same 与similar 意思接近 结构不同 be similar to 与……相似,类似于…… be similar in 在……方面相似 be the same as 同(某某)一样的 It is the same with…也一样 1. Her hair’s the same colour as her mother`s. 她头发颜色跟她母亲的一样。 2. Oh,it is the same with women. 哦,女人也一样。 be different from/to与……不同 活学活用: 1. My view is similar_____yours. 2.I like fishing very much,and it is the Same_____ my father. 3.Her attitude toward him were quite the same ______ it had always been. 4.The campus is different_____ how it was 20 years ago. Keys: 1.to 2.with 3.as 4.from/to 高考考点12 . turn to sb/sth 求助于, 转向…… 1. We can turn to him for help.我们可以求助于他。 turn one`s back to sb 把背朝向某人 turn to sb for 请求某人给予某物 turn off 关闭,停止 turn down 降低,减弱;拒绝 turn on 打开,开启 turn up 开大,调高;出现;到达 turn in 交还,上交 turn out 生产;产出;证实;结果 活学活用: 1. We waited for him for over an hour,but he did not ______ . 2. The company _____ the workers’ request for shorter hours. 3. Students are expected _____ their homework on time. 4. Be sure _____ the light when you leave. 5. The examination _____ to be very difficult. 6. You can always_____ your parents when you are in trouble. Keys: 1.turn up 2.turned down 3.to turn in 4.to turn off 5.turned out 6.turn to 高考考点13.intend to do sth.打算(计划)做某事 1. Today, I intend to finish reading this book.今天我打算读完这本书。 2. That trap is intended for you.那个圈套是为你而设的。 3. It is not my intention to argue with you.我不是想和你争论。 4. I trust that bump wasn`t intentional.我相信那次碰撞不是故意的。 intend sth.for sb.打算把某物供某人使用 be intended for sth.被打算(计划)用来做某事 be intended to do sth.被打算(计划)用来做某事 intention n.意图 intentional adj.有心的,有意的 intentionally adv.故意地 活学活用: 1.The book _____ beginners. 2.I _____ go home after I finish my work. 3.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it _____ . 4.Sometimes good _____ can have bad results. 5.The seats on buses_____ the weak and the sick. 6.I am sorry I hit you;it is not_____. Keys:1.is intended for 2.intend to 3.intendionally 4.intentions 5.are intended for 6.intentional 高考考点14. look sb.in the eye 正视某人 1. The small girl was too shy to look others in the eye.这个小女孩太害羞了,以致不敢正视其他人。 活学活用: 在括号里选择适当的词或词组填空。 1. When you give a speech,you should_____(look/look at) the audience in the eye. 2. Tom!You must_____ (look/look at)me in the class when you are listening. 3. My little sister looked_____ (sad/sadly )at the dead pet dog. 4. My little sister looked______ (sad/sadly) when the pet dog died. Keys: 1.look 2.look at 3.sadly 4.sad 高考考点15 .likely adj.预期的;可能的 【巧记提示】 like(喜欢)+-ly 【经典例句】 Rain is likely in all parts of the region today. 今天该地区各处都可能下雨。 【考点聚焦】 1)同根词:likelihood n. 可能;可能性 alike adj.相同的;相像的 adv. 一样地;相似地;likely的比较级和最高级是likelier,likeliest 或more likely,most likely。表示“很可能”时,常用most,very修饰likely。 2)likely的具体用法: likely+不定式,如: He is not likely to come.他不见得会来。 likely+that从句,如: It’s high likely that he’ll succeed.他极有可能成功。 3)形容词likely与alike,like的区别: alike作形容词时,常作表语,表示“相像的”; like作表语时表示“相像的”,等于alike;作定语时表示“相似的;同类的”; likely后常接动词不定式,在句中作表语或定语,表示“有可能的;有希望的” 重点句子解析: 1.The visitor from Japan comes in smiling at the same time as George Cook from Canada. 来自日本的客人笑着进来,来自加拿大的乔治·库克也同时进来了。 【剖析】1)这个句子的中心结构是“The visitor comes in at the same time as George Cook”。介词短语from Japan(来自日本)和from Canada(来自加拿大)分别修饰the visitor和George Cook。 2)句中smiling at the same time...是现在分词短语,表示伴随状况。 【拓展】比较:the same...that...与the same...as...,如: This is the same pen that I lost.这是我丢的那枝笔。(表示与我丢的笔是同一枝) This is the same pen as I lost.这枝笔和我丢的那枝一样。(表示与我丢的笔是同一类) 有时两者并无区别,但如果在定语从句中省略动词,则必须用as。如: Her hair is the same color as her mother’s. 她头发的颜色和她母亲的一样。 2.Not all the cultures greet each other the same way,nor are they comfortable touching strangers or being too close or too far away. 不是所有人都以同样方式寒暄。接触陌生人时,距离太近或太远都会使他们不舒服。 【剖析】1)这个句子是由一个中心词组not...nor...连接起来的,它的意思是“既不……又 不……”。nor 常置于句首、助动词或连系动词之前,表示“也不”,此时也可用neither代替。 2)nor are they...是倒装句,表示否定意义的状语或表语等位于句首时,句子通常采用倒装结构。此类的词还有never,not,seldom,neither等。 3)touching strangers 和being too close or too far away 都用作状语,相当于while (they are)touching...or being...。 【拓展】1)部分否定 not与一些具有完全意义的词如all,both,every,包括everything,everybody,everywhere或wholly,altogether,entirely,completely等连用,不管not放在什么位置,均表示部分否定。如: Not every Welshman speaks Welsh.= Every Welshman doesn’t speak Welsh. 并不是每个威尔士人都说威尔士语。 和always,often,quite与not连用也表示部分否定。如: Forces don’t always produce movement.力并不总是产生运动的。 2)全部否定 句中有none,neither,no one,nobody,nothing,never等词的句子为全部否定。如: None of the answers are/is right. 所有答案都不对。(are强调全体,is强调个体) 3.None of these actions is either good or bad.They are simply the ways in which cultures have developed. 这些行为没有好坏之分。它们只是文化发展的不同方式而已。 【剖析】 in which cultures have developed为定语从句,用来修饰the ways。这里的in which还可以用that 来代替。例如: I don’t like the way in which/that you talk to your parents. 我不喜欢你对父母说话的那种方式。 【拓展】1)在定语从句中,way作先行词时,后面可以用也可以不用in which。如: She was pleased with the way(in which)he apologized to her. 她对他向自己道歉的方式很满意。 2)另外,the way (that)也可以用来引导方式状语从句,但句子的结构不一样。如: They are doing the work the way I like it done. 他们在用我喜欢的方式干活儿。 4.In most countries,nodding the head up and down shows agreement,while shaking the head means you do not agree,or that you refuse to do something. 在大多数国家,点头表示同意;摇头则表示不同意,或不愿意去做某事。 【剖析】1)这是一个并列句。while在本句中作“而;可是”解,表示两者的对比,是并列连词,所引导的不是时间状语从句,而是并列句。如: I like tea while he likes coffee.我喜欢茶,而他喜欢咖啡。 2)nodding the head和shaking the head都是动词的-ing形式作主语。 【拓展】 while还可作“虽然;只要”解释。如: While there is life there is hope.只要有生命,就有希望。 5.You should not stand too close to him or her and should stand with your hands a little open to show that you are willing to listen. 你不要站得离他或她太近,你应该双手稍微摊开,表示你愿意听他(她)的意见。 【剖析】1)这个句子里用了You should not...句型,表示禁令,用You should...表示建议。为了更清晰地看这个句子,我们可以将它拆分为两个句子:You should not stand too close to him or her和You should stand with your hands a little open (to show that you are willing to listen)。其中第二个句子括号内的动词不定式to show that you are willing to listen表示目的。 2)句中的“with your hands a little open”属于“with+复合宾语”的结构,即“with+宾语+宾补”,表示伴随状况。 【拓展】“with+复合宾语”结构的常见形式: with+名词/代词+现在分词 使用现在分词表示的动作是with后面的名词或代词发出来的,而且这个动作正在进行。这种结构常用作伴随状语。如: He left the room with the light burning. 他离开了房间,灯还亮着。(作伴随状语) with+名词/代词+动词不定式 使用动词不定式表示的动作可以是with后面的名词或代词发出来的,也可以是句子的主语发出的,这一动作已经完成或还没有发生。这种结构常用来作原因状语。如: I can’t go out today with all these clothes to wash.(作原因状语) 由于这些衣服要洗,我今天没法出去。 with+名词/代词+过去分词 使用过去分词表示with后面的名词或代词是分词所表示动作的承受者,这一被动的动作已经发生了。这种结构可以作原因状语或伴随状语。如: With him taken care of,we could go on. 有人照料他,我们可以继续下去。(作原因状语) with+名词/代词+介词短语 这一结构中介词短语用来说明名词或代词的位置,该结构常用来作伴随状语。如: The teacher came into the classroom with some books under his arm. 老师走进教室,腋下夹着一些书。(作伴随状语) with+名词/代词+形容词 该结构中的形容词用来表示名词或代词存在的状语。如: It’s not polite to speak with your mouth full. 满嘴东西说话是不礼貌的。(作伴随状语) with+名词/代词+副词 该结构中的副词主要是由介词转化而来的副词(如in,on,out,over,up等)。用来表示名词或代词所处的状态。如: She fell asleep with the light on.她睡着了,灯还亮着。(作伴随状语) Period Three Grammer 本单元的语法项目是v. -ing形式作定语和状语。v. -ing形式作定语的用法我们在上一单元中已经学习过了,现在我们主要来看一下v. -ing形式(即现在分词)作状语的用法。 Period period four :Structure Study 一: V-ing 形式由 “do+ing” 构成, 其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。 V-ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。 1. 作定语 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。 1)-ing形式表示 “供作......之用”的意思, 这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimming 2) -ing形式表示 “......的” 意思, 过去叫现在分词 A sleeping child working people the rising sun -ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。如: They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine. 2. 作状语 可以表示时间, 原因, 结果,条件, 行为方式或伴随动作等。 Attention Please -ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。 Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)
现在分词作状语 现在分词和分词短语可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况。其基本句型是:现在分词/分词短语,主语+谓语+其他的句子成分。如: Standing on the top of mountain,I could see the whole city. 站在山顶上,我能看到整个城市。 现在分词作状语有时表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。 现在分词作原因状语时要特别注意现在分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。 (1)当现在分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生时或近于同时发生时,要使用现在分词的一般形式。如: Not knowing her telephone,we couldn’t get in touch with her. 由于不知道她的电话号码,我们无法跟她取得联系。 (2)当现在分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生时,用现在分词的完成式。如: Having talked with John,I realized my mistake. 和约翰谈话之后,我意识到了自己的错误。 现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于when,while引导的从句。现在分词短语作时间状语时,可以转变为一个时间状语从句。现在分词的完成式作状语的情况经常出现,应注意现在分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。 (1)当表示分词的动作一发生,主句的动作随之也发生时,可以用现在分词短语作状语,放在前面,译作“当……的时候”,此时它可以置换成“on+动名词”结构。能够用于这种用法的动词都是瞬间动词。如:look,hear,see,return,open,leave,close等。如: Hearing the news,they couldn’t help jumping.=On hearing the news,they couldn’t help jumping. 听到这个消息时,他们禁不住跳了起来。 (2)当分词的动作正在进行时,主句的动作发生了,此时可以用现在分词短语作状语,译作“当……的时候”,但它前面一般加when或while。如: When leaving the station,he waved again and again to me. 离开车站的时候,他向我频频挥手。 (3)当分词的动作完成以后,主句的动作才发生时,用现在分词的完成形式作状语,放在句子前面,译作“在……之后”,此时它可以置换为“after+动名词”这一结构。如: Having turned off the TV set,he began to go over his lessons.= After turning off the TV set,he began to go over his lessons. 关掉电视机以后,他便开始复习功课。 现在分词作方式状语和伴随状语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。它表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生。此时它可以转换成并列句。如: We explored the cave,Black acting as guide.= We explored the cave and Black acted as a guide. 由布莱克作向导,我们探察了那个洞。(表伴随) 现在分词短语用作结果状语,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种自然的结果。如: The snow lasted a week,resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole city. 雪下了一个星期,造成整个城市交通瘫痪。 注意: (1)现在分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 (2)一般来说,如果现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生,则现在分词短语放在句首;如果现在分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,则现在分词短语放在句子的结尾。 现在分词和过去分词的区别 1)语态不同:现在分词表示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。如:a moving film 动人的电影,a moved girl 受感动的姑娘,a running machine 一台转动的机器,a stolen car 一辆被盗的汽车 注:关于心理状态动词的-ing形式表主动意义,-ed形式表被动意义。 2)时间关系上不同:现在分词表正在进行的动作,过去分词往往表已完成的动作。 如:a developing country 发展中国家,a developed country发达国家 基础巩固练习: ( )1. _______ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (90’全国) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given. ( )2. The computer center, ________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened ( )3. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written ( )4. ________ is thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(96’全国) A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose ( )5. _______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. ( )6. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered ( )7. The researcher is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun D. beginning D. begun ( )8. ________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding ( )9. When ________, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed ( )10. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying ( )11. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known ( )12. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited ( )13. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______. A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. having kept ( )14. Mr. Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring ( )15. ________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given (Key: 1-5 ADDCA 6-10 ADCAB 11-15 DAAAD | |||||
作业 | ||||||
学习管理师 | 家长或学生阅读签名 |