一. 宾语从句的定义及种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如：I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如：I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，
过去完成时）。
例如：He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
that
主句的谓语动词是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid, glad, sure, sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。
e.g. He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster.
I’m sorry (that) he isn’t here right now.
宾语从句需要注意的一些点:
1. that 的省略：
that 引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。
e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it.
I’m afraid (that) you’ll have to wait.
以下情况下不能省略that
A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．
B．当it作形式宾语时
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．当宾语从句前置时
eg．That our team will win，I believe．
2. 宾语从句的否定转移：
主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。
误：I think chickens can not swim.
正：I don’t think chickens can swim.
此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：
I think he is wrong, isn’t he?
He thinks he is right, doesn’t he?
if/whether
if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：
e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English.
I don’t know if/whether it is going to rain.
Note: 只用whether的六种情况：
1. 在带to的动词不定式前 He doesn’t know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.
2. 在介词后 I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
3. 直接与or not连用时 I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us.
4. 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中 We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next week.
5. 宾语从句提前时只能用whether Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
6. 引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether Whether he is right or wrong is a question.
难点：
1. 避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词； e.g. *I can’t see that what is over there. （应去掉that）
2. 从句中的语序为陈述语序； e.g. *Do you know how old is she? (应改为：…how old she is)
3. 从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。
e.g. *She didn’t tell me when she will come. (应改为：…when she would come)
4.转换：
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词＋动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。
e.g. I’ve no idea what we’re going to do next. = I’ve no idea what to do next.
Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office?
难点：宾语从句中的It
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
We take it that you will agree with us.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
宾语从句练习：
一、单项选择
( ) 1. I don’t think he will come here on time, ? (重庆)
A. won’t he B. will he C. does he D. is he
( ) 2. Will you please tell me ? (上海)
A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport was
C. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built
( ) 3. It’s not polite to ask people in England. (常州)
A. how much money you have got B. what the weather is like
C. what your city looks like D. how old are you
( ) 4. I wonder if he tonight. If he , I’ll let you know. (扬州)
A. will come; will come B. comes; comes
C. will come; comes D. comes; will come
( ) 5. I can’t say I want to see him again. We haven’t seen each other for nearly three years. (镇江)
A. how long B. how soon C. how often D. how much
( ) 6. Mr. Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday. (通化)
A. are going B. was going C. will go D. would going
( ) 7. Our geography teacher told us that Japan the east of China. (河北)
A. is in B. was in C. is to D. was to
( ) 8. Nobody knows he’ll come or not. (辽宁)
A. that B. if C. / D. whether
二、按要求改写句子
1. “Do you want to try something new?” Tom’s mother asked him. (改为复合句,句意不变) (济南)
B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the Tom’s mother asked him to try something new.
2. Could you tell me the way to the station? (改写句子,句意不变) (青岛)
Could you tell me to the station?
3. “I have finished my homework.” John told me. (改为复合句,句意不变) (天津)
John told me that homework.
4. I don’t know how I can reach the zoo. (改为简单句) (宿迁)
I don’t know the zoo.
【提高练习】
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
11. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
12. Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
13. The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
14. She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
15. Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
16. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that
17. I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where
18. I hardly understand. ___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who
19 She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
20. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D. when
21. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
22. He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose
II. 按要求转换句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）
→Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________.
5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写)
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
Homework:
I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
( ) 1．I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．_________ he comes，I'll tell you．
A．if；Whether B．whether；Whether C．if；That D．if；If
( ) 2．I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow．
A．when does he come B．how will he come C．if he comes D．whether he'll come
( ) 3．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？
A．what B．how C．whether D．where
( ) 4．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？
A．how did he mend B．what did he mend C．how he mended D．what he mended
( ) 5．I want to know _________ ．
A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is looking
C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after
( ) 6．Do you know where _________ now？
A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live
( ) 7．Do you know what time _________ ？
A．the train leave B．does the train leave C．will the train leave D．the train leaves
( ) 8．I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please？
A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players
C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are
( ) 9．The small children don't know _________ ．
A．what is their stockings in B．what is in their stockings
C．where is their stockings in D．what in their stockings
( ) 10．I can't understand _________ ．
A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean
C．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means
II．按要求转换句型。
1．Does Mr．Brown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改写句子）
→Could you tell us _________ Mr．Brown _________ living in China？
2．“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me．（变为复合句）
→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3．Jim is not a student．Tom is not a student，either．（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________ Tom is a student．
4．When does the train leave？I want to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________ ．
5．They went home after they had finished their homework．（用not．．．until改写）
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6．Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday．
III.
( ) 1. Can you tell me_______?
A．where he is B．where is he C．he is where D．what is he
( ) 2、I didn't know how _______ to London?
A．would they go B．are they going C．they would go D．they are going
( ) 3、I want to know how long_______.
A．has he been back B．has he come back C．he has been back D．he has come back
( ) 4、Do you know _______?
A．what the news are B．what is the news C．what the news is D．what are the news
( ) 5、He said he would help me with my maths if he _______ free.
A．was B．will be C．would be D．is
( ) 6、He will write to you as soon as he _______ to Shanghai.
A．gets B．is getting C．will get D．shall get
( ) 7、Father_______ music when he _______ young
A．liked…was B．liked…is C．likes…was D．likes…is
( ) 8、I liked sports _______ I was young.
A．so much as B．so much that C．very much when D．very much because
( ) 9、_______ mother got home, I was tidying my room.
A．After B．When C．As soon as D．Before
( ) 10、The teacher didn't begin her class_______ the students stopped talking.
A．until B．because C．after D．when
( ) 11、If it _______ tomorrow, we'll go to the Great wall.
A．doesn't rain B．won't rain C．not rains D．isn't rain
( ) 12、Could you tell me_______ we get to the plane?
A．how B．whether C．where D．what
( ) 13、When they got to the cinema, the film _______ for the ten minutes.
A．had been on B．has begun C．began D．had begun
( ) 14、The teacher says _______ she will leave a message on the headmaster's desk.
A．if B．who C．that D．what
( ) 15、Lucy looks stronger _______ Lily.
A．than B．as C．then D．not as
( ) 16、I know nothing about it _______ he told me.
A．because B．since C．until D．after
( ) 17、You must make your new house clean and safe _______ you move in.
A．because B．when C．before D．until
( ) 18、I was _______ tired _______ I couldn't walk on.
A．so…that B．too…to C．very…that D．very…to
( ) 19、I thought he _______ to see his mother if he _______ time.
A．will go…has B．will go …will have C．would go …would have D．would go …had
IV、用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1、I won't return the book to the library because I _______ (not finish) reading it.
2、As soon as he saw me, he _______ to speak to me. (stop)
3、I hope he _______ (come) back in a week.
4、It _______ (rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning.
5、The old man told the children _______ (not walk) in the rice fields.
6、He told me he _______ (help) her with her maths the next evening.
7、She said they _______ (know) each other for quite some time.
8、If it _______ (not rain) tomorrow, we _______ (visit) the Pople's Museum.
9、John _______ (write) something when I _______ (go) to see him.
10、Our teacher told us that light _______ (travel) much faster than sound.
11、When I got to the cinema, the film _______(begin)
12、Mike asked me if we _______(ask) any questions the next class.
13、Will you come and stay with us for a while when you _______(finish) doing your homework?
14、Comrade Wang didn't know if there _______ (be) on English evening that day.
15、Please tell me if she _______ (come) again next time.
三、根据汉语提示,完成句子.
1. 我还没有决定是否去参加迈克的生日聚会。(黑龙江)
I haven’t decided I will go to Mike’s birthday party .
2. 张清问他奶奶是否还要些面条。(西安)
Zhang Qing asked his grandma she noodles.
3. 据说在南京长江上又建了一座桥。（南京）
that bridge over the Changjiang River in Nanjing.
4. 请你告诉我这把锁是用什么制成的好吗？(无锡)
Would you please tell me ?
5. 你能告诉我他从美国回来多久了？
Can you tell me ?
参：
一.1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6.B 7.C 8. D
二.1. if he wanted 2. how can I get to 3. he had finished his 4. how to get to
三．1. whether… or not 2. if … wanted some more 3. It is said … another … has been built
4. what this lock is made of 5. how long he has been back
Homework: I．1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD
II．1．if／whether；enjoys 2．if／whether；needed 3．Neither；nor 4．when；leaves 5．didn't；until 6．whether；came
III. 1、A 2、C 3、C 4、C 5、A 6、A 7、A 8、C 9、B 10、A 11、A 12、A 13、A 14、C 15、A 16、C 17、C 18、A 19、D
IV. 1、haven't finished 2、stopped 3、will come 4、was raining 5、not to walk 6、would help
7、had known 8、doesn't rain, will visit 9、was writing, went 10、travels 11、had begun 12、would ask
13、finish 14、would be 15、will come下载本文
