Warming up
一．词汇
| 诗歌 | poem |
| 诗人 | poet |
| 诗歌（总称） | poetry |
| 韵, 压韵的词 (n.) 压韵 (v.) | rhyme |
| 节奏 (n.) | rhythm |
| 有节奏的 (adj.) | rhythmic |
1.list things
2.stay up
3.be popular with…
4.river scene
5.strong rhythm
6.Asian poetry
7.被翻译成…,被译成…
8.讲得通，有意义
9.轻松，不紧张
10.用完
11.由…组成
12.尤其，特别
Questions:
1. Do you remember any little poems you used in games in the playground when you were a child?
2.What do you think are the reasons for writing poems?
Guessing: do you know which poem it is in Chinese?
They were boiling beans on a beanstalk fire,
Came a plaintive voice from the pot,
“ Why since we sprang from the selfsame root,
Should you kill me with anger hot?”
Reading
Skimming:
1.How many kinds of poems does the reading passage talk about?Can you sum up the characteristics of each form of poetry?
| forms | characteristics |
Page9 pre-reading ,question 2
Scanning:
Cinquain: They are made up of __ lines, and people can convey a strong________ in just a few words.
Nursery rhymes: The language is ________ but__________.They have __________ and a lot of________. The poem may not_________.
Haiku: It is a Japanese form of poetry made up of____________.
List poems: They have a ________ line length and ______________, and some rhyme while others do not.
Tang poems: English speakers also enjoy___________, _____________ in particular. Their translations have a free form.
Careful reading
1.What is the baby’s father going to buy if the mirror goes broken in poem A?
2.Which sport do you think the speaker is writing about in poem C? Did the players win the game?
3.Does the author like that season in poem E?
4.What is it in the branch in poem F?
5.Who is the person that the woman is waiting for in poem H?
Discussing: translate the poem
Life is beauty
Life is beauty,
admire it.
Life is bliss,
taste it.
Life is a dream,
realize it.
Life is a challenge,
meet it.
Life is a duty,
complete it.
Life is a game,
play it.
Life is a promise,
fulfill it.
Life is sorrow,
overcome it.
Life is a song,
sing it.
Life is a struggle, accept it.
Life is a tragedy, confront it.
Life is an adventure, dare it.
Life is luck,
make it.
Life is too precious,
do not destroy it.
Life is life,
fight for it.
Using language
Questions:
1.Do you think the speaker in the poem is more likely to be a girlfriend/ boyfriend or a parent?
2. Does the poem have a rhythmic pattern?
3.Does the poem have rhyming words?
4.When you were listening to the poem, did it make you feel something of think about something? What did it make you feel of think about?
5. Circle the words that rhyme. What is unusual about the rhyming words in the last four words?
Grammar
动词的三种语气：
1、陈述语气——所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的。
e.g. He played the piano well.
2、祈使语气——表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等。
e.g. Let us help you.
Open the door.
3、虚拟语气——与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、祝愿等。
虚拟语气
1、if条件句中的虚拟语气
1）if真实条件句
If it _____ (rain) tomorrow, our trip _____________
(put off) .
2）if虚拟条件句 (时态退后）
| 从句 | 主句 | |
| 与现在事实相反 | 动词过去式 （be—were） | would/should/could/might+动词原形 |
| 与过去事实相反 | had+过去分词 | would/should/could/might+have 过去分词 |
| 与将来事实相反 | 动词过去式 were+不定式 should +动词原形 | would （should）+动词原形 |
如果从句中有were，should，had等词， 可省略if，并把were，should，had放句首进行倒装。
e.g. If they were here, they would help us.
= Were they here, they would help us.
3.在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
4. Wish 后的宾语从句
将来---would/could/mignt do; were/did
现在---were/did
过去---had done; would/could/might have done
5. Would rather 后的宾语从句常用虚拟
谓语用v-ed/should do表现在或将来，用had done表过去的情况。
6. 在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
7. 主语从句，特殊的虚拟语气词：
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。
句型：
(1)suggested
It is (2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
8. 错综条件句
错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。
9. 含蓄条件句
假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或
介词短语，不定式表现出来。如without，but for，otherwise等。
练习以及解析
1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read
C. should have read D. are reading
2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met
C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet
3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.
A. should be B. would be
C. have been D. had been
4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B. spoke
C. will speak D. to speak
5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was B. were
C. has been D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.
A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours
C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours
7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went B. could go
C. have gone D. could have gone
8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel?
A. will you B. should you
C. would you D. do you
9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew B. knows
C. has known D. had known
10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.
A. Because of B. In spite of
C. In case of D. But for
11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet B. would had met
C. would have met D. would have meet
12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.
A. teaches B. will teach
C. has taught D. would teach
13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.
A. had been B. were
C. was D. would be
14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____.
A. should fall behind B. fell behind
C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind
15.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.
A. had rained B. would have rained
C. have seen D. rained
16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.
A. should B. would
C. do D. had
17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.
A. not went B. won’t go
C. not go D. not to go
18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.
A. had had B. have had
C. had D. would have had
19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike?
A. decided against B. will decide against
C. have decided D. shall decide against
20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
A. go to sleep B. went to sleep
C. go to bed D. went to bed
21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?
—I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.
A. had B. have had
C. would have D. had had
22.If she could sew, _____.
A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt
C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat
23._____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.
A. will take B. would take
C. take D. took
25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them
虚拟语气语法答案：
1—5 BBDAD 6—10 DDCAD
11—15 CDCAA 16—20 ACAAD
21—25 DBCCC
解析：
1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。
4.It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。
6.lain是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。
7.could have done表示“本来可以”。
8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。
9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
10.but for表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。
11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。
13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。
14.for fear that后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。
15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。
17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。
20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。
21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。
24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略下载本文
