摘要:坝址渗水析出物对于大坝安全运行具有潜伏的不利影响。采用现场调查、取样、多手段测试及资料分析等方法,对此题目开展研究。按照出露位置,可分为坝基及坝体析出物两类,其形成机理包括溶解-沉淀作用、还原-氧化-絮凝作用、浸析作用等。在一定阶段,坝基析出物可对岩体的渗透稳定性及帷幕体的防渗时效性产生影响,同时可对坝体结构的耐久性产生影响。不同成因的析出物具有不同程度的潜伏影响:化学成因的多限于微观方面,而物理成因的则在一定阶段可显现在宏观方面。在实际工作中,应加强对具有物理成因或化学-物理双重成因析出物的监测。
关键词:坝址析出物;取样多手段测试;形成机理;潜伏影响
中图分类号:TV223.4 文献标识码: A文章编号:0559-9350(2011)04-0454-07
Study on seepage colloidal educts of dam and its potential effects
SONG Han-zhou,ZHU Xu-fen,PENG Peng,WU Zhi-wei
Abstract:The colloidal educts permeated from large dam has potential unfavorable effect on the safety of dam. The in-situ investigation,sampling and measurements,were carried out to study this phenomenon. According to the location, the colloid can be classified into two kinds: permeated from the dam foundation and from the dam body. The causes of the formation of this kind of material are dissolution-precipitation,reduction-oxidation-cementing,physical erosion and others. It is considered that the colliod formed in dam foundation would potentially have the effects both on seepage stability of rock masses and on the anti-seepage behavior of curtain,while the colloidal from the dam body has impacts on its durability. It is believed that the effect of the colliod produced by the chemical formation might be limited on the micro-aspects,whereas the one by the physical or chemico-physical formation might be identified on the macro-aspects.Therefore, it is stressed that the colliod’s behavior belonging to the latter formation should be monitored from time to time.
Key words:colliods around dam-site;sampling and measurements;formation: potential effects on project
1 研究背景
近年来,在有关部分定期组织实施的水电站大坝安全检查工作中,发现不少的大坝坝址区伴随着渗水而出现了胶状物质(简称析出物)。此类物质大多分布在大坝基础廊道等部位,多数源于帷幕体后排水孔,或直接源于岩体裂隙。另外,也发现少数坝体(主要指碾压混凝土坝,简称RCC坝)除相对普遍地出现“流白浆”或“霜斑”(efflorescence)外,表面局部还出现了其它颜色的析出物。上述现象的形成、演变及其潜伏的影响值得关注。#p#分页标题#e#
已有研究表明,坝址渗水析出物是蓄水条件下区内液-固相(包括岩石以及工程材料等)系列间相互作用的产物,隐含着丰富的信息。文献[1-3]分别依据水质及析出物的化验结果,对其物质来源以及成因作了初步分析;文献[4]从其理化特性以及区内地下水动态特征等方面对析出物于岩体渗透稳定性的影响进行了讨论,但对析出物潜伏的其它方面的影响未予论及;文献[5]依据多个工程实例,对析出物作了初步分类;文献[6]对目前常用的析出物的检测方法作了评述。应该说,有关研究已取得了一些进展,但还缺少系统性,尚需要进一步探讨。
本文在已有研究的基础上,采用现场调查、取样、多手段化验和测试等方法,以多个水电站工程为例,对坝址析出物的基本性状作进一步探讨,并对其潜伏的多个方面的影响进行揭示,旨在获得一些规律性的熟悉。
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