题型有： 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Vocabulary and Structure 5. Cloze 6. Translation 7. Writing
Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leader-ship, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others tasks and may discipline group members who inhibit (阻碍) attainment of the group’ s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
1． What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．The problems faced by leaders.
B．How leadership differs in small and large groups.
C．How social groups determine who will lead them.
D．The role of leaders in social groups.
正确答案：D
解析：主旨题。全文从两方面介绍了社会团体中领导角色的特点以及两种不同类型的团体领导。故选D。
2． The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT______.
A．recruitment
B．formal election process
C．specific leadership training
D．traditional cultural patterns
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。第一段中提到了不同社会团体中领导人的特点。家庭中领导的确立会受到传统文化的影响；更大范围的团体中，领导地位的确立一般是通过正式选举或招募完成的。没有提及受训后成为领导的方式，故选C。
3． Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
B．Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C．A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D．Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
正确答案：A
解析：推理题。由定位句可知，似乎并不是所有的领导者都有同样的个人素质。由此可推断出，某一个团队的优秀领导可能并不适合另外一个团队。故选A。
4． In mentioning “natural leaders” (Para. 2), the author is making the point that______.
A．few people qualify as “natural leaders”
B．there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist
C．natural leaders are easily accepted by the members of a group
D．natural leaders share a similar set of characteristics
正确答案：B
解析：推理题。定位句说明虽然研究进行了很多年，但是并没有证据显示有统一的评判标准来确定团体领导。故选B。
5． The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on______.
A．ensuring harmonious relationships
B．sharing responsibility with group members
C．identifying new leaders
D．achieving a goal
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。定位句表明了工具型领导的特征，他们注重完成团体的任务，成员也依赖于他们完成任务的能力。故选D。
In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, “No,thanks. I’ ve got a good horse under me. “ The city planner decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system, but there simply wasn’ t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city. An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city’ s streets by as much as 12 feet. This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice- either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building? That’s where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jack-screws (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building’ s foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman’ s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at thesame time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn’ t even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago’ s early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago’ s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city’ s next step was to clean the polluted river.
6． The author mentions the joke to show______.
A．horses were fairly useful in Chicago
B．Chicago’ s streets were extremely muddy
C．Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
D．the Chicago people were particularly humorous
正确答案：B
解析：推理题。根据文章开头的叙述，芝加哥早期经常洪水泛滥，街道满是泥泞。作者通过这个众所周知的笑话来说明街道泥泞的程度十分严重。故选B。
7． The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to______.
A．get rid of the street dirt
B．lower the Chicago River
C．fight against heavy floods
D．build the pipes above ground
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。当时的城市规划者们面临两个选择，要么升高城市的街道，要么降低河流的海拔。这位名为艾尔利斯-查斯波的工程师提出在城市地面架设管道，再用土来掩埋的办法来升高城市。故选D。
8． The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means “______”.
A．change
B．lift
C．repair
D．decorate
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。hoist本意表示“吊起，提升，拉高”；文中指将建筑整栋升高、抬起。change表示“改变”，lift表示“升高，抬起”，repair表示“修理”，decorate表示“装饰”。故选B。
9． What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?
A．It went on smoothly as intended.
B．It interrupted the business of the hotel.
C．It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.
D．It separated the building from its foundation.
正确答案：A
解析：推理题。第五段的最后一句描述了这项工程所造成的影响——饭店正常营业，排除B，而且很多客人没有察觉建筑物正在发生位置变化，说明这项工程进行得十分平稳。故选A。根据文章第五段第三句“…Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews beneath the building’s foundation．”可知，在抬高建筑的过程中用了数以千计的螺旋千斤顶，并且建筑主体与地基没有分离，故C、D项排除。
10． The passage is mainly about the early Chicago’ s______.
A．popular life styles and their influences
B．environmental disasters and their causes
C．engineering problems and their solutions
D．successful businessmen and their achievements
正确答案：C
解析：主旨题。全文介绍了芝加哥早期在城市建设方面遇到的难题：由于经常发生洪灾，影响了人们的日常生活。城市规划者们采纳了一位工程师——艾尔利斯-查斯波的建议，并想办法将建筑升高，以此增加道路与河面之间的落差，解决城市排水问题。故选C。
Chokwe Selassie is on a mission to help drivers avoid potholes(路面坑洼). The eighth-grader was inspired to kick off his mission on a recent morning, when his mother was driving him to school. Their car was damaged as it went over a huge pothole in the middle of the street in their hometown of Jackson, Mississippi. “I decided I was going to do something about the pothole problem in my city” , Chokwe says. His solution; an app that warns drivers when there is a pothole ahead. Chokwe developed the app with his friends Rodriguez Ratliff and Emmanuel Brooks. “When the app detects a pothole, it is highlighted (突出显示) in red,” Chokwe says. “And if you get close to the pothole, your phone will warn you. “ Drivers can also use the app to report any potholes they encounter, and to look for other routes they can take to avoid roads that have them. The app relies on current available information about the streets of Jackson. “It works by using the city’s 311 call system, so it uses information already stored in a database,” Chokwe says. Through the call system, citizens dial 3-1-1 to report non-emergency problems—which include potholes. Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10 busiest streets in Jackson would give them a large enough sample size to test the prototyped(原型). Although the app isn’ t yet available for sale, Chokwe is already looking for ways to improve it. The prototype remains limited to 10 streets in Jackson, but he hopes to add more, so that it includes every street in the city. And then he wants to go even farther. “I want to keep working on the app until it’ s nationwide,” Chokwe says.
11． Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．A Solution to Traffic Jams
B．An App to Detect Potholes
C．Pothole Problems in Big Cities
D．Poor Road Conditions
正确答案：B
解析：主旨题。文章讲述了一位学生在遭遇了一次事故之后受到启发，和朋友们一起开发了一款应用程序，提醒驾驶员及时避让路面上出现的坑洼。故选B。
12． The phrase “kick off” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______.
A．leave
B．invent
C．begin
D．shift
正确答案：C
解析：词汇题。由第一段前两句句意“乔奎正在完成一项帮助司机们避开路面坑洼的任务，这是在前不久的一个早晨他妈妈驾车送他去学校时，这个正在上八年级的学生被鼓励去______他的这个任务的。”可知，kick off在此意为“开始”更符合文章的大意。leave表示“离开”，invent表示“发明”，begin表示“开始”，shift表示“转换”。故选C。
13． People use the 311 call system to report______.
A．emergencies
B．terrorist attacks
C．non-emergencies
D．child abuse
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。根据定位句可知，人们拨打311电话是报告一些非紧急情况。故选C。
14． The prototype focuses on ,______streets in Jackson.
A．10
B．15
C．20
D．25
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。根据定位句可知，乔奎和朋友们决定先将应用程序的使用范围集中在杰克森市最繁忙的十条街道。故选A。
15． Accordingto the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Chokwe developed the app all by himself.
B．People can buy this app from the online store.
C．His mother’ s car was once damaged over a pothole.
D．The app works by using the city’ s 911 call system.
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。文章第一段第六句提及这款应用程序的开发者是乔奎和他的朋友，A项不正确。最后一段第一句提到，该应用程序还没有投入市场，因此买不到，B项也不正确。第二段第二句提到所有信息来源于城市311呼叫系统，D项也不正确。第一段中描述了乔奎母亲在送他上学的途中因未能及时避让坑洼，车辆受损。故选C。
How do you know if your home is an easy aim for thefts? Around the holidays, many families don’t consider taking proper measures to prevent their homes from suffering holiday thefts. With just a few simple steps, you can better make sure of the safety of your home during all of the holiday celebrations. Here are a few tips for making it difficult to tell you are away from home. Either have a trusted neighbor pick up your mail and newspapers, or tell your mailperson to hold your mail until you return. Nothing says “Hey, we are not home! “ like when your postbox is filled with all kinds of mails and you have many different newspapers in your driveway. Set several different lights in your house on random timers. Don’ t leave your outdoor lights on all the time. Instead, put your outside lights on timers to be on during the nights. If an outdoor light remains on for days at a time, it means that nobody is home to turn it off. If you have pets that you are not taking with you on vacation, leave them with a friend, rather than having someone come into your house every day to take care of them. When thefts see a neighbor or friend entering your house every day, they will know you are not home. Close all your curtains when you leave town. This is effective to deter possible thefts, as no one can see what is in your house. If they don’ t know what is inside, then they are less likely to run the risk of breaking in. This article just has suggested a few tips to help you keep your house safe while you are on holiday. Nothing can truly protect your home unless you have it monitored by a professional home security system.
16． What is the main idea of the passage?
A．To tell us how to prevent the thefts around the holidays.
B．To tell us to keep the outdoor lights on all the time.
C．To tell us many families suffer from the thefts while they are on holiday.
D．To tell you to have your neighbor go to your house to take care of your pet.
正确答案：A
解析：主旨题。第一段和最后一段作为短文的介绍和总结部分，说明了本文主要介绍的是假期中的一些防盗措施。故选A。
17． If you are on holiday in other places, the lights in your house should______.
A．be lit in an irregular way
B．be kept on all the night
C．be replaced by random timers
D．be turned on only once one day
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。根据定位句可知，假期中，房子里的灯应该由随机定时器设置成在不同时段开关，以便防盗。故选A。
18． To make your home well protected, what does the writer advise you to do?
A．Have all the curtains closed.
B．Stop your mail service at once.
C．Turn to your close neighbors or friends.
D．Equip your home with security system.
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。定位句描述了真正能起到安全保障作用的还是专业家庭防盗系统。故选D。
19． Most of the tips mentioned in the text seem to______.
A．be very popular with families
B．have no effect on preventing thefts
C．give a false impression on thefts
D．be a little hard to be brought into effect
正确答案：C
解析：推理题。从定位段的内容来看，无论是及时取走报纸邮件，还是不定时开关家里的灯，又或是关上窗帘，都是希望让外人看来家里还有人居住，以此制造假象迷惑盗贼。故选C。
20． The underlined word “deter” probably means “ ______”.
A．discover
B．discourage
C．surprise
D．attract
正确答案：B
解析：词汇题。由定位句可知，你不在家的时候拉上所有的窗帘，这可能会打消小偷入室盗窃的念头，因为他不确定你是否在家。由此可知，deter表示“阻止，制止”。故选B。
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: In this part, there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
21． We don’ t need air conditioning, ______.
A．nor can we afford it
B．neither can afford it
C．nor we can afford it
D．neither we can afford it
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查倒装句型。neither，nor位于句首时，需要部分倒装，即把助动词或情态动词放在主语前面。此时表示前面否定的内容也适用于后面的人或物。B项句子成分不完整，C、D项没有倒装。故选A。
22． Could you find someone______?
A．for me to play tennis with
B．play tennis with
C．for me to play tennis
D．play tennis
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查非谓语动词。find sb．to do sth．是固定搭配，意思为“找人去做某事”，故排除B和D。和某人一起打网球用play tennis with sb．，所以应在句尾保留“with”。故选A。
23． “You are too self-centered. It’ s high time you______that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A．realized
B．have realized
C．realize
D．should realize
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查虚拟语气。“it is high time that．．．”为固定句型，表示“是时候该…”，从句的谓语部分常用过去式来表达虚拟语气。故选A。
24． The government cannot operate effectively______it is free from such interference.
A．so long as
B．so that
C．unless
D．because
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查状语从句。so long as“只要”，常引导条件状语从句；so that“目的是，结果”，常引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句；unless“除非，如果不”，常引导条件状语从句；because“因为”，常引导原因状语从句。根据句意，故选C。
25． If I had remembered______the window, the thief would not have got in.
A．to close
B．closing
C．to have closed
D．having closed
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth．表示“记得做过了的事情(已做)”，remember to do sth．表示“记得要去做的事情(未做)”。根据后半句的意思，应该是忘记关窗户，才导致盗贼闯入。故选A。
26． In Britain, the best season of the year is probably______spring.
A．later
B．latter
C．last
D．late
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查词语搭配。later表示“较晚一些，后来”，latter表示“后者的”，latest表示“最近”，late表示“晚的，迟的”。根据句意，故选D。
27． If it ______ tomorrow, the basketball match has to be canceled.
A．rain
B．rains
C．rained
D．will rain
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查动词时态。if引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。故选B。
28． ______Pacific Ocean is______very large sea to the west of North and South America, and to the east of Asia and Australia.
A．The;a
B．A;the
C．The;the
D．A;a
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查冠词用法。太平洋为专有名词，前面使用定冠词the，表示泛指的可数名词单数前要加a或an。故选A。
29． Neither his fellow workers nor Tod himself______to the solution put forward by the employer.
A．agree
B．agrees
C．agreeing
D．to agree
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查主谓一致。当主语由neither．．．nor．．．引导时，谓语动词的单、复数由离其最近的主语的单、复数决定。即本题谓语跟nor之后的主语保持数量一致。故选B。
30． If only I______hard in the past few months! But I didn’ t work hard enough and failed the maths examination.
A．work
B．worked
C．have worked
D．had worked
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查虚拟语气。if only位于句首，表示虚拟，引导与现在或过去事实相反的内容。该句描述的是与过去事实相反的内容，主句谓语使用过去完成时态。故选D。
31． None of us knew how the change had come______.
A．across
B．about
C．over
D．down
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查短语辨析。come across表示“偶然遇到”，come about表示“发生”，come over表示“顺便拜访”，come down表示“下来，下落”。故选B。
32． The price of fish is______during the Spring Festival.
A．expensive
B．high
C．valuable
D．dear
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查词义辨析。expensive，high和dear都可以表示“昂贵的”的意思。但expensive指超过物品的价值或购买者的购买力，主语是物；high与low相对，主语是价格(the price)；dear表示“贵”的意思时和cheap相对，指索价过高，主语是物；valuable表示“有价值的”，不能与价格搭配。故选B。
33． It was only by a great effort of will and courage that he was able to______himself together.
A．pull
B．put
C．drag
D．push
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查词语搭配。pull oneself together表示“使某人振作起来”，put oneself together表示“加把劲儿”，其他两项虽然也有“拉，拖，拽”等含义，但都不能与together构成固定搭配。故选A。
34． Do you mind if I______the mistakes in your report?
A．pick up
B．put up
C．call out
D．point out
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查短语辨析。pick up表示“捡起，选择”，put up表示“张贴，建造”，call out表示“召唤”，point out表示“指出”。根据句意，故选D。
35． They told me it would be cheap but______it cost me nearly $ 500.
A．in general
B．in a word
C．in detail
D．in fact
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查短语辨析。in general表示“一般而言，总的来说”，in a word表示“总之，简而言之”，in detail表示“详细地”，in fact表示“事实上”。根据句意，故选D。
36． Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe______by the judge.
A．service
B．sentence
C．crime
D．crisis
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查词义辨析。service表示“服务”，sentence表示“刑罚，惩罚”，crime表示“犯罪，罪行”，crisis表示“危机”。根据句意，故选B。
37． Frankfurt, Germany, is one of the most______populated regions in Western Europe.
A．densely
B．vastly
C．enormously
D．largely
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查词义辨析。densely表示“浓密地，稠密地，密集地”，vastly表示“极大地”，enormously表示“巨大地，庞大地”，largely表示“大部分地，主要地”。根据句意，故选A。
38． Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy______for her history examination.
A．to prepare
B．preparing
C．to be prepared
D．being prepared
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查固定搭配。be busy doing sth．表示“忙着做某事”，不涉及任何被动语态。故选B。
39． By the end of this month, we surely______a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A．have found
B．will be finding
C．will have found
D．are finding
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查动词时态。由时间状语“by the end of this month”可知，此处应用将来完成时，表示将来某时刻之前已经完成的动作。故选C。
40． Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,______, of course, made the others jealous.
A．whom
B．that
C．what
D．which
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句为非性定语从句，首先排除that。根据句意可知，从句的引导词应指代前面主句的内容，有此用法的只有which。故选D。
Part IV Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose ONE answer that best fit into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
The mind-success connection is strong, and many obstacles to our success are also mental. Some people rely more on facts, 【C1】______others rely more on feelings. There is no “right way” to be, but we all have the natural ability to “feel” our way successfully along an unlighted path. I learned this【C2】______I was standing on a curb(路边) in a city in Vietnam (越南). My objective , a restaurant where my husband Tom was waiting for me, stood on the【C3】______side of the street, I was hungry and could smell the food. But it seemed as if the restaurant were miles away. The street was【C4】______with motor cycles, bicycles, cars, trucks and buses. Rather than dividing the traffic into two lanes, the yellow lane markers apparently served only to【C5】______that you were on a paved(铺设的) road. People passed, stopped, turned around and crossed center lines. Traffic flowed both ways in the same lane, and more traffic turned onto the street from side ones. Even when the signal light turned red, traffic continued to flow as drivers entirely【C6】______the signal, rushing to me from front, back, sides and all angles. I was ready to abandon lunch with Tom when a local gentleman took my arm. In English, he kindly said, “Crossing the street is not a problem, 【C7】______a dance. “ With that we stepped off the curb and into the chaos (混乱). My heart【C8】______faster as we walked slowly across. Instead of greeting us with sharp horns and angry shouts, drivers saw and adjusted to us. As long as we made no sudden【C9】______, we were fine. I felt as if we were gracefully swimming through a school of fish. The traffic flowed smoothly around us, in all directions. 【C10】______I knew it, we were across. Learning to dance through the chaos of traffic is just astonishing your feelings. It’ s a combination of intention, timing and trust.
41． 【C1】
A．as
B．while
C．where
D．when
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查连词词义辨析。as“像，同时”；while“而，然而”；where“在…的地方”；when“在…时候，既然”。根据句意，此处应指一些人持有这样的观点看法，然而另一些人持有那样的观点看法。故选B。
42． 【C2】
A．where
B．what
C．when
D．which
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查关系代词词义辨析。where“在哪里，什么地方”；what“什么事物”；when“当…时候”；which“哪一个”。根据句意，此处应指在那次过马路的时候，“我”明白了这个道理。故选C。
43． 【C3】
A．opposed
B．nearby
C．different
D．opposite
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查形容词词义辨析。opposed“对立的，对抗的”；nearby“在附近的”；different“不同的”；opposite“对面的，相对的”。根据句意，此处应指马路对面。故选D。
44． 【C4】
A．grouped
B．pressed
C．crowded
D．provided
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查词义辨析。group“使成群，分类”；press“按压，施压”；crowd“拥挤”；provide“提供”。根据句意，此处应指道路上车辆太多，十分拥挤。故选C。
45． 【C5】
A．strengthen
B．conclude
C．indicate
D．express
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。strengthen“加强”；conclude“总结”；indicate“指示，表明”；express“表达，表述”。根据句意，路上的黄色标志显然只能表明你走在一条铺好的道路上。故选C。
46． 【C6】
A．respected
B．ignored
C．remembered
D．misunderstood
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。respect“尊重，敬重”；ignore“忽略，视而不见”；remember“记住，记得”；misunderstand“误解，误会”。根据句意，此处应指司机们完全不顾交通灯的指示，即使是红灯也没有人停车。故选B。
47． 【C7】
A．besides
B．but
C．rather
D．except
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查语法结构。not…but…是常用的连接并列结构的连词词组，意为“不是…而是…”。故选B。
48． 【C8】
A．beat
B．moved
C．leapt
D．jumped
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。beat“跳动，击打”；move“移动”；leap“跳，跳跃”；jump“跳过，跳跃”。根据句意，此处应指心脏的跳动，只有beat符合题意。故选A。
49． 【C9】
A．recognitions
B．suspicions
C．movements
D．enjoyments
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查名词词义辨析。recognition“识别，认知”；suspicion“怀疑”；movement“移动，动作”；enjoyment“开心，愉悦”。根据句意，此处应指只要我们不随便乱动，这些车辆就不会撞到我们。故选C。
50． 【C10】
A．Although
B．After
C．Where
D．Before
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查连词词义辨析。although“尽管，即使”；after“在…之后”；where“在…地方”；before“在…之前，比…早些”。根据句意，此处应指在“我”反应过来之前已经走到了马路的对面。故选D。
Part V Translation (20%)
Section ADirections: In this part, there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in the part of Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.
【T1】Fathers exposed to poisonous substances are probably just as likely to be the cause of defects in their unborn infants as mothers. Yet it is women who are told to stop drinking and smoking and to look after their health when they are pregnant. And it is women who find that they are banned from jobs where they are exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation. 【T2】Despite a growing body of scientific evidence that a man’ s exposure to damaging substances can affect his offspring , pregnant women are still charged with the responsibility of keeping their infants healthy, said Gladys Friedler, of the Boston University School of Medicine. “This is puzzling” , she said. “Most of the workforce is still male, so why do we still spend so much time looking at women? The health of men as well as women should be of concern. “ In the US, 2,500,000 children are born with birth defects each year. In 60 percent of cases the origin of the defect is not known. 【T3】These figures do not include less obvious problems that appear later in development, such as biochemical malfunctions and behavioral problems. Many researchers still seem reluctant to contemplate that a man’ s environment can influence the health of children, “ If the effects had not been so obvious, we might still be reluctant to acknowledge the effect of environmental agents on women. “ Despite this, there is a reluctance to accept the accumulated evidence of men’ s effects on development, she said. 【T4】Some companies have already taken steps to “protect the unborn child” by excluding women from jobs where they might be exposed to dangerous substances. This has led to some bitter disputes between the women and their employers in the US. The most famous case, now before the Supreme Court, pits a group of women and their union against Johnson Controls, a company which makes batteries. 【T5】The company transferred women from higher-paying jobs where they were exposed to lead on the grounds that it had to protect unborn children. The irony is that children born to men working in the factory are probably just as much at risk.
51． 【T1】
正确答案：和母亲一样，父亲如果接触了有毒物质，同样可能造成未出生婴儿的先天缺陷。
52． 【T2】
正确答案：波士顿大学医学院的格拉迪斯-福瑞德勒说，尽管越来越多的科学证据表明，男性接触到有害物质会对他的后代产生影响，但人们仍然认为孕妇应该对胎儿的健康负责。
53． 【T3】
正确答案：这些数据还未包括那些在后期成长过程中出现隐性问题，诸如生理障碍和行为问题。
54． 【T4】
正确答案：一些公司已经通过采取措施，禁止女性员工参与可能接触危险物质的工作来“保护未出生的孩子”。
55． 【T5】
正确答案：这家公司借口保护未出生的孩子将女性员工从接触到铅的高薪岗位中替换下来。
Writing
56． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to start your essay with a brief account of the impact of obsessive cellular phone use disorder(OCUD) and then explain how we can build immunity to this disorder. You should write at least 120 words. Please remember to write it on the Answer Sheet.
正确答案： People who suffer from OCUD are more likely to be anxious, sensitive and emotional. They feel uncomfortable if they don’ t check on their cellular phones less than every 30 seconds. Sometimes, they believe that they can’ t live without their phones. This obsession can cause serious problems on people’ s life. But what could we do to change the bad habit? Here are some tips that could help you build immunity to the disorder. Firstly, develop a good habit like reading books. According to Bacon, reading makes a full man. As many books as you read, you will find enjoyments of life as well as various knowledge. Secondly, addiction to cellular phones will damage your eyes and your body. So, why not put down your phones instead of doing some exercises? Keep fit while you appreciate the beautiful view. Thirdly, spend less time with your cellular phones but more time with your family and friends. No matter how lovely the emoticons are, they are no better than a warm hug with your family and friends. Besides the above tips, there is one more thing you have to notice—the world around you is far more better than what you thought to be. You just need to step out of the “box” of cellular phones to embrace the real wonderful world. 下载本文
