一、副词的分类
| 名称 | 例 词 | 在句子中的位置 | 例 句 |
| 时间 副词 | today, recently, early, still, now, soon, then | 时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾 | He will be back tomorrow. Yesterday we all went to the park. |
| 连接 副词 | therefore, why, however, how, besides, when, otherwise, where | 连接句子，引导从句或与不定式连用 | That's why it's on the news. Do you know how to operate the machine? |
| 地点 副词 | somewhere, here, there, downstairs | 地点副词常置于句尾，有时可置于句首，一般不置于句中。几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后 | The children are playing downstairs. Here people are practicing speaking English. |
| 程度 副词 | very much, enough, quite, almost, rather | 常放在被修饰的动词、形容词或其他副词前面，但当very修饰动词时，常与much连用并置于句末，enough修饰形容词或副词时后置 | Tom is old enough to go to school. |
| 方式 副词 | well, carefully, fast, slowly, quickly | 常放在宾语之后或不及物动词之后 | Everything goes well. The monkeys ate up the bananas quickly. |
| 频度 副词 | always, often, never, usually, hardly, seldom | 常放在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。其中sometimes也常置于句首 | I often go out for a walk after supper. She is seldom out on Sundays. |
| 疑问 副词 | where, when, why, how | 主要用来引导特殊疑问句，放在句首 | Why were you late for our meeting last night? |
| 关系 副词 | when, where, why | 用来引导定语从句 | We visited the house where he lived ten years ago. |
副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构，在句中可以作状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1. 用作状语
eg：He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。
I often get up at six in the morning. 我经常是在早晨6点钟起床。
He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。
2. 用作表语。
eg：I’ll be back in five minutes. 我五分钟就回来。
I must be off now. 我现在得走了。
Is the radio on or off? 收音机是开着的还是关着的？
﹡在一般情况下，作表语时不用副词而用形容词：
误：He looks very angrily.
正：He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
误：Mr. Smith is very carefully.
正：Mr. Smith is very careful. 史密斯先生很仔细。
英语中可用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词，常见的有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, back, in, home, ahead, upstairs, downstairs, off, through, on, over 等。而且这些副词只能用于连系动词be 后作表语，而不用于其他连系动词后作表语。
误：He seems here. / He seems away.
正：He is here. / He is away.
3. 用作宾语补足语。
eg: Please ask him in, please. 请叫他进来。
I’m pleased to see you back. 看到你回来了我很高兴。
﹡一般说来，只有能用作表语的副词才可用作宾语补足语。
三、副词的相关位置
1. 副词的位置：
1）在动词之前。
2）在be动词、助动词之后。
3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意：a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。
eg: We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。
eg: He speaks English well.
2. 副词的排列顺序：
1）时间、地点副词：小单位在前，大单位在后。
2）方式副词：短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。
eg: Please write slowly and carefully.
3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词
eg：He worked very well here last week.
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
eg: 改错：(错) I very like English.
(对) I like English very much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
四、副词的比较级和最高级的构成
副词和形容词一样, 也有它的比较级和最高级形式。可以参考形容词的变换形式。
A 规则变化
| 分 类 | 构成方法 | 原 级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
| 单音节副词 | 单音节词在词尾加-er, -est | hard | harder | hardest |
| 少数以-ly结尾的单音节词 | early | earlier | earliest | |
| 单音节副词和多音节副词 | 以-ly结尾的单音节词, 在前面加more和most | warm | more warmly | most warmly |
| 在前面加more和most | successfully | more successfully | most successfully |
| 原 级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
| well | better | best |
| badly | worse | worst |
| much | more | most |
| little | less | least |
| far | farther / further | farthest / furthest |
副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样。但，副词的最高级形式句中没有定冠词the。
| 类 型 | 结 构 | 意 义 | 例 句 |
| A = B | as + 原级 + as | 与......一样 | Lucy gets up as early as Lili. |
| A ≠ B | not as / so + 原级 + as | 不及...... | I don't work so hard as he. (not后，as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的副词修饰) |
| A＞B或 A＜B | 比较级 + than (than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致) | 比...... | My brother runs much faster than I. He dives deeper than his teammates. |
| 表示程度的递增 | 比较级 + and + 比较级 | 越来越...... | The development of modern science and technology is becoming faster and faster. |
| 两种情况 同时变化 | the + 比较级，the + 比较级 | 越......越...... | The harder I work, the more easily I come to the success. |
| 三者以上 | 最高级 + 范围(常与表范围的in + 集合名词） | 最...... | He runs fastest in our class. |
| 比较级 + than + 范围内的其他人/物 | It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us. |
A is X times as +adv.(原级) + as B A是B的几倍......
eg：This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。
七、几个常用副词的用法区别
1. how long / how soon / how often / how far
how long“多久，多长时间”，对持续的时间段提问，常用“for + 时间段”和“since + 时间点”回答。
how soon“多快，多久以后”，对短暂性动词提问，用于一般将来时句子中，常用“in + 时间段”回答。
how often“多长时间一次”，对频率提问，常用“once/twice/three... times a ...”回答。
how far“多远”，对距离提问。
2. much too / too much
much too“非常，极其，太”，much修饰too以加强语气，中心词是too，much too修饰形容词或副词原级。
too much“太多”，中心词是much，too修饰much以加强语气，too much修饰不可数名词。too much与too many相对，但too many修饰可数名词。
eg: You will become much too fat some day. 有一天你将会变得非常胖。
The teacher gave us too much homework today. 老师今天给我们留的作业太多了。
综 合 练 习
单项选择
1. He speaks English ______ his aunt.
A. as good as B. as well as C. as better as D. as best as
2. Which do you like _______ , skating, swimming or fishing?
A. more B. most C. better D. best
3. Who sings ______ , Rose or Kate?
A. well B. good C. better D. best
4. She writes _______ than I.
A. more careful B. much careful C. much more carefully D. much carefully
5. The night was very ___, so he had to take off his shoes ___.
A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly
6. How ___ the girls are playing!
A. happy B. happier C. happyly D. happily
7. ______ he drops in ______ his friends after supper.
A. Some times; for B. Sometimes; on C. Often; for D. Seldom; on
8. In Britain tea ______ with milk or sugar in it.
A. usually drinks B. is usually drunk C. usually is drunk D. drank usually
9. He _______ to school to clean his classroom.
A. always comes early B. comes always early
C. always early comes D. come always earlier
10. Better ________ than never.
A. late B. the later C. later D. the late
11. We have been to the China Folk Culture Villages _______.
A. lately B. late C. latest D. last
12. I got up _______ today.
A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late
13. Today Tom goes to school earlier than _______.
A. as usual B. usual C. usually D. ago
14. Alice _______ goes to school at seven.
A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little
15. It was ______ bad weather that we all had to stay inside.
A. very B. so C. rather D. such
16. He is _______ kind an old man that all the children like him.
A. very B. so C. rather D. such
17. He, our headmaster was _______ pleased with our work.
A. fairly B. even C. much D. great
18. There was a heavy snow last night. This morning is _______ outside.
A. too rather cold B. rather too cold C. such cold D. fairly cold
19. He got back _______ at four.
A. to home B. at home C. his home D. home
20. Come ______ quickly. I have something interesting to tell you.
A. to here B. up to here C. here D. into here
21. These two young men stood ______ watching the train moving away.
A. by there B. from there C. there D. to there
22. She read the book ______. And I'll read it _______.
A. long before; long before B. before long; before long
C. before long; long before D. long before; before long
23. When you do eye-exercise, you must keep your eyes _______.
A. close B. closes C. closing D. closed
24. It's a windy day. You'd better _______ the windows.
A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close
25. The boat is left _______ by the bank of the river.
A. along B. alone C. long D. lonely
26. He has a rest _______ at home, watching TV.
A. alone B. one C. along D. lonely
27. They went out for a walk___ the lake.
A. alone B. along C. lonely D. at
28. The city is______ than the town away from the river.
A. far B. farther C. so far D. much far
29. Do you need _______ explanation to the question?
A. more far B. any further C. farther D. any far
30. I am so tired that I can't walk ________.
A. much far B. any farther C. even far D. very further
