一. 定义:
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
二. 动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形
三. 动词不定式作宾语
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(6点)
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如:
1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.
2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
3)Id love to visit Mexico.
2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。如:
1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?
2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.
3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it + adj. / n. + to do...。如:
I find it difficult to remember everything.
4.既可接动词不定式又可接v_ing形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来,动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程,v_ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格,特别是美国英语,即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如:
1) Then I started to watch Tv.
2) I am beginning to understand my parents.
begin用了进行时态,后面只接不定式作宾语,表示事情刚开始,还要继续下去。
3) I like to eat vegetables.
感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。
5.后接动词不定式或v_ing形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接v_ing形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事,to do是目的状语;stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事,doing是宾语。try to do尽力做,try doing试试看;go on to do接着做另外的事,go on doing继续做原来的事。如:
1)When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me.
2)I stopped using them last year.
6. 不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。
( ) 1. I often see Tom____on the playground. When I passed the playground yesterday, I saw him_____.
A. play; playing B. to play; play C. playing; to play C. playing; play
( ) 2. — What does the sign on the bottle mean?
— It means “ ”.
A. This side up B. Dangerous C. Recyclable D. No Parking
( ) 3. When the player finished running, he was out of ______. .
A. breather B. breathing C. breath D. the breath
( ) 4. — How about going hiking this weekend?
— Sorry, I prefer rather than .
A. to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay at home
C. staying at home; go out D. going out; stay at home
( ) 5. — We really shouldn’t use plastic bags any more when shopping.
— It’s important to protect our environment.
A. So does it. B. With pleasure. C. That’s OK. D. So it is.
( ) 6. —
— To the supermarket with Wang Fan.
A. Where have you gone? B. Where did you go to the supermarket?
C. Where have you been? D. Where’s Wang Fang?
( ) 7. I afraid of the dark, but now I don’t.
A. use to B. used to C. use to be D. used to be
( ) 8. The earth is years old.
A. four thousands six hundreds B. four thousand six hundred
C. four thousand and six hundred million D. four thousand six hundred millions
( ) 9. They have made so great progress .
A. three years ago B. for three years
C. in the past three years D. before three years
( ) 10. — Has Li Hong gone to the library?
— Pardon?
— I asked the library.
A. if Li Hong had gone to B. if had Li Hong gone to
C. Li Hong had gone to D. has Li Hong gone to
( ) 11. — Oh, Miss Wei. Your skirt looks nice. Is it new?
— No, I it since three years ago.
A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought
( ) 12. — Must they clean and tidy the classroom now?
— No, they . It after school in the afternoon.
A. mustn’t; must clean B. needn’t; must clean
C. mustn’t; need be cleaned
;D. don’t have to; can be cleaned
( ) 13. — It’s one o’clock now. I must go.
— It’s raining outside. Don’t leave it stops.
A. when B. since C. while D. until
( ) 14. your help, we can finish the task in time.
A. Thanks to B. Thanks for C. Because D. Thank
( ) 15. We should plant more trees on sides of the street.
A. either B. both C. all D. each下载本文