一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：
2、被动语态的句式变化：
以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：
3、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如：
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：
注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：
Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
注意：
They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.
他们昨天开会了。
（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。
He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们。
We were told the truth by Jack.
The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
四、下列动词（词组）没有被动式：
1.、 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意
常见的系动词有：
① be动词
② ……起来（7个）：look/seem/appear, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste
e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible.
③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go
e.g. His wish has come true.
People often went hungry in the old days.
The tree is growing tall.
④ 保持：keep, stay
e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.
2、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take
3、不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
○1、An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。
An accident happened yesterday.
○2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
○3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。
○4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。
○5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。
○6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。
○7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。
○8、The door won’t close/shut. 这门关不上。
○9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。
○10、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久）
六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）
1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。
The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。
5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)
Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。
6．过去完成时(had been+done)
They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。
