First,the source of Native English Language
Some synonyms derive from Old English or Anglo-Saxon language, and natural language synonymy is one of vocabulary’s characteristic. There are various expressions about synonyms in their own English, but there still exist subtle differences of implication, connotation and application. For instance, “fast, speedy, rapid, handsome, pretty, lovely”, “empty, blank, vacuous hollow, devoid”, or. All of them have the common meaning, but they also have their other own meanings, which tell them apart from each other.
Here are some more examples:
1---thin, slender, slim, lean, skinny, slight
1.1 Sobs shook her slender frame.
她抽泣著,苗条的身体都在颤动。
A slender smile still flickered across her face.
她脸上闪过一丝微笑。
1.2 Her slight frame was shaken by bouts of coughing.
她纤弱的身躯因阵阵咳嗽而发颤。
He was born with a slight deformity of the feet which made him limp.
他的脚稍有先天畸形,走起路来一瘸一拐。
2---parsimonious, thrifty, stingy, tight, ungenerous
2.1 The appropriations committee, suddenly and ill - advisedly parsimonious, cut funds for assistance to the disadvantaged.
拨款委员会突然地和不明智地节俭地裁减对生活水平低的人的援助
To count the grains of rice before cooking it-to be contemptibly parsimonious
数米而炊
To break off the parsimonious purse
一破悭囊
2.2 But memories of her early straits had made her excessively thrifty.
然而,由于对昔日的艰苦岁月记忆犹新,她生活过分检朴.
2.3 The place was an all-night cafe owned by a bitter and stingy man called Leo.
这家咖啡店通宵营业,老板叫利奥,为人吝啬,满腹牢骚。
Second, the source of French
Medieval English, to a great extent, was influenced by French. At that time, Normans, who spoke French, invaded and conquered England. Hence numerous French words came into the English vocabulary. One interesting phenomenon was that the animals began to have different names from their meat. For example,” pig” became “pork”, “sheep” became “mutton” , “cattle” became “beef”, “swine” became “bacon”, and “deer” became “venison”. Simultaneously, some French words have similar meanings with native English words, such as “shut/close”, “answer/reply”, “smell/odor”, “yearly/annual”, “ask/demand”, “room/chamber”, “wish/desire”, “might/power”(英语词/法语词).
Furthermore, regarding aspects of clothes and diet, English vocabulary borrowed some French words. Examples are as follows:
(1)Building dress codes seem as changeable as haute couture
建筑物的外观法则,和高级服装一样,是常常改变的。
haute couture指法国的高级女子时装业,世界上最著名的女子时装设计和制作,与fashion同义
(2)The same meaning of “gourmet”: gourmet.connoisseur.bon Vivant,epicure,gastronome,gastronomes,gastronomist.
While in chinese, all synonym come from native chinese, and sometimes a group of synonyms ,which have the same meaning , always has more than three words, such as “土豆/马铃薯/洋芋蛋/地蛋”
Third, the source of its own cultural and historical allusions
With the development of English culture and history, some words, deriving from allusions, have enriched the synonym.
Examples are as follows:
(1)He saw himself,in a smart suit,bowed into the opulentsuites of Ritzes.他发现自己身着漂亮的礼服,被恭恭敬敬地引进了豪华旅馆的客房里下榻。
Ritz Hotel ,which had been established by the Swiss Leeds(1850-1919) and known for its luxury, was synonymous with luxurious hotel.
(2)A dead leaf fell in Soapy's lap.That wag Jack Frost's card
一片枯叶飘落到苏贝的膝头。那是杰克·弗罗斯特*的名片。
Jack Frost ,in English, means the “frost”-----an anthropomorphic title
While in chinese, mandarin absorb some dialect from different areas, which is similar to the way above.
For examples-----
(1)“头/头脑” “玉米/苞米”
(2)“蝉/知了”
(3)“什么/啥”下载本文