过去完成时是表示在过去某一时刻以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，其构成形式为“助动词 had ＋过去分词”。使用过去完成时态的几个典型句型。
一、主语＋过去完成时＋
①when引导从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）
②by短语by the time引导从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）
③before引导从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）例如：
1．Tom was disappointed that most of the guests __________ when he __________ at the party．（MET’）
A．left；had arrived B．left；arrived
C．had left；had arrived D．had left；arrived
此题的正确答案为D。guests先“离开”，Tom后“到达”，“到达”用一般过去时，“离开”用过去完成时。
2．When Jack arrived he learned Mary __________ for almost an hour．（MET’92）
A．had gone B．had set off C．had left D．had been away
此题的正确答案为D。因有表示“一段时间”的状语“for almost an hour”，所以选入的动词必须是延续性动词。
3．①We __________ four thousand new words by the end of last year．
②We __________ four thousand new words by the end of this year．
A．had learned B．have learned C．learned D．will have learned
句①根据by短语中的last year，正确选项为A；句②根据by短语中的this year，正确选项为D。
4．He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten．到十岁时，他已经建了自己的实验室。
5．He had studied English for five years before he came here．来这儿之前，他已经学五年英语了。
二、1. 主语＋had ＋hardly（scarcely）＋过去分词＋when（before）＋主语＋一般过去时
2 主语＋had ＋no sooner ＋过去分词＋than＋主语＋一般过去时例如：
①They had no sooner got home than it began to rain．他们刚一到家，天就下起雨来。
② __________ got into the room，__________ the telephone rang．（MET’88）
A．He hardly had；then B．Hardly had he；when C．He had not；that
D．Not had he；when
此题的正确答案为B。当否定词hardly，scarcely，no sooner在句首时，主谓要倒装。
三、根据上下文的时间关系来确定。例如：
1．The police found that the house __________ and a lot of things __________ ．（MET’90） A．has broken into；has been stolen B．had broken into；had been stolen
C．has been broken into；stolen D．had been broken into；stolen
此题的正确答案为D。found是过去时，其后的宾语从句的动作发生在found动作之前。
2．The students __________ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she __________ in the office．（MET’91） A．had written；left B．were writing；has left
C．had written；had left D．were writing；had left
此题的正确答案为D。went说明事情发生在过去，而“把书忘在办公室”的动作发生在went之前。
3．The pen I __________ I __________ is on my desk，right under my nose．（MET’93） A．think；lost B．thought；had lost
C．think；had lost D．thought；have lost
此题的正确答案为B。“丢笔”是在“认为”之前发生的动作。
4．Helen __________ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband __________ home．（NMET’ 96） A．has left；comes B．left；had come
C．had left；came D．had left；would come
此题的正确答案为C。had to wait说明事情发生在过去，而“忘带钥匙”的动作发生在“等丈夫回家”之前。
四、表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，用过去完成时，常用的动词有：hope，think，expect， intend，mean，suppose，want等。例如：
They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time．他们本来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。
五、It was ＋时间＋since ＋主语＋过去完成时例如：
They asked me to have a drink with them．I said that it was at least ten years since I __________ a good drink．（MET’88）
A．had enjoyed B．was enjoying C．enjoyed D．had been enjoying
此题的正确答案为A。
六、主语＋过去式＋
①after引导从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去完成时）
②because引导从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去完成时）例如：
1．After she had left the room，the telephone rang．她离开房间后，电话响了。
2．He didn't go to see the film because he had seen it．因为他看了那部电影，所以没有去看。
练习：选择正确的答案。
1．I lost the book I __________ ．
A．have bought B．bought C．had bought D．had been bought
2．The bus had gone when I __________ at the bus stop．
A．have arrived B．arrived C．had arrived D．am arriving
3．Tom __________ of visiting his grandmother，but the bad weather made him change his mind． A．has thought B．thought C．had thought D．had been thought
4．—Did you meet Tom at the airport？
—No，he __________ by the time I there．
A．has left；got B．had left；arrived C．left；arrived D．left；had got
5．—I __________ to come to help you．
—But you didn't come．
A．have meant B．had meant C．meant D．will mean
6．Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University，for which she __________ five times． A．had tried B．was trying C．has tried D．tried
7．—I have bought you the books you want．
—Oh，good，I __________ afraid you had forgotten．
A．was B．am C．had been D．have been
8．It was not until I __________ your letter that I realized what you __________ ．
A．have read；did B．had read；have done C．had read；had done D．read；had done
答案：
过去完成时用法讲练
1．C2．B3．C4．B5．B6．A7．A8．C下载本文
