Contract:
Key words:
(一)the legislative system in US
It’s a fact that US is a short historic country which is famous for the separation of powers in the political field. The political system outlines the balance of power and divides the power into three branches, the legislative power, executive power and judicial power. According to the 17’s consitition of America, all legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress which shall consist of a Senate and House of representatives. And the house of representatives shall be composed of menbers chosen every second years by the people of several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for lectors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. No person shall be a repretative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty five years old, and been seven years a citizen of United State ,and who shall not ,when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. As for the Senator, the senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by legislature thereof, for six years, and each Senator shall have one vote. Similarly, no person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States and shall not , when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen.
Representativs and direct taxes shall be pportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their mubers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of yeas, and excluding Indians not taxed, three years after fifths of all other persons. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state of New Hanpshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one , Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five , South Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representatin from any state, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers, and shall hav the sole power of impeachment.
The senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president pro tenpore, in the absence of the vice president, or when he shall exercise the office if president if the Unite States. The vice president shall be president of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. What’s more, the senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachment. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the president of the United States is tried, the chief Justice shall preside, and no person shall be convicted without the conccurence of two thirds of the menbers present.
At times, places and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, shall be prescribled in each state by legislature thereof, but the congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. The congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a ssifferent day. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns and quanlifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall consititude a quorum to do business, but a smallnumber may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each house may provide. In addition, each house may determine the rules of proseedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a menber. Neither house , during the session of congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two house shall be sitting. Finally, the senators and representatives will receive a aompensation for their service, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. For any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place. No senator or representative during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office undr the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall hav been increased during such time.
All bills for raising revenue shall originate in house of representives, but the senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the house of representatives and the senate, shall before it become a law, be presented to the president of the United States, if it approve he shall sign it , but if not he shall return it, with its objections to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objection at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it . If after such reconsideration two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house,by which it shall likewisebe reconsidered, and if appoved by two thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But, in all such cases, the vote of both houses shall be determined by yeas or nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the president within ten days after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be law, in like manner as if he had signed it , unless the congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the senate and representatives may be necessary shall be presented to the president of the United States. And before the same shall take effect, shall be appreved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescrible in the casw of a bill.下载本文
