第一部分：Grammar
一、情态动词（Modal Verbs）
情态动词should意为“应该，应当”，必须和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告，而且表述的是自己的主观看法。
1.should的句式结构
| 句式 | 结构 | 例句 |
| 肯定句 | 主语+should+do | They should eat a balaced diet. 他们应该平衡饮食。 |
| 否定句 | 主语+should not +do | They shouldn’t eat too much. 他们不该吃得太多。 |
| 一般疑问句 | ---Should + 主语 +do+…? ---yes, 主语+should. ---No, 主语+shouldn’t. | ---It’s too cold. Should I close the window? 太冷了，我该关上窗户吗？ ---Yes, you ______./No, you ________. 是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。 |
| 用法 | 例句 |
| 表示劝告、建议 | You _________ answer the question in English. 你应该用英语回答这个问题。 |
| 表示推测 | They _________ be at home now, I think. 我认为，他们现在应该在家。 |
| 表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等 | How _________ I know it?我怎么知道这间事情呢？ |
二、其他表示建议的句型
| 用法 | 例句 |
| Shall we/I + do+…? | Shall we _________ for a walk? 咱们去散步好吗？ |
| What/How about+doing/sth…? | What about _________ swimming? 去游泳怎么样？ |
| Let’s + do…? | Let’s _________ and _________ them.咱们去看看他们吧。 |
| You’d/We’d better (not) + do…? | We _________ _________ wait a little longer. 我们最好再稍等一会儿。 |
| Why don’t you + do …? | Why don’t you _________ a walk outside? 为什么不出去散步呢？ |
| Why not + do…? | Why _________ _________ a walk outside? 为什么不出去散步呢？ |
表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格形式，词尾加self或selves组成。反身代词可译“本人”、“本身”，为加强语气，也常翻译为“亲自”、“自己”。不定人称代词one-----oneself.
1、反身代词的分类
| 数、人称 | 第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 |
| 单数 | myself | yourself | Himself,herself,itself |
| 复数 | ourselves | yourselves | themselves |
| 用法 | 说明 | 例句 |
| 作动词的宾语 | 常用于enjoy,teach,hurt,buy, introduce,dress,help, look after, get dressed 作宾语 | He is teaching _________ English. 他在自学英语。 We enjoyed _________ last night. 昨天晚上我们玩得很开心。 |
| 做介词的宾语 | 常用于in,on,with,of,after,by作宾语 | She lives by _________ in the countryside. 她一个人生活在乡下。 |
| 做同位语 | 强调作用、加强语气 | Did you make the cake _________? 这蛋糕是你亲自做的嘛？ Mr. Black _________ is a lawyer. 布莱克先生本人就是一名律师。 |
| 做表语 | 强调“自己” | Just be _________.做你自己就好了。 Mary hasn’t quite been _________ recently.玛丽最近有些不对劲。 |
Section A
1.What’s the matter?怎么了？
该句常用询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了什么麻烦，其后用with引出对象。
1). What’s the matter with sb.?
=what’s wrong with sb.?
=what’s the trouble/problem with sb.?
=what’s one’s trouble/problem?
e.g. What’s the matter with Tom?=what’s _________ with Tom?
=What’s the _________ with Tom?=What’s Tom’s _________?
2). matter, 名词，“问题，事情”
e.g. We have important _________(matter) to discuss.
我们有些重要的问题要讨论。
3). 动词，“要紧，关系重大”
e.g. It dosen’t _________ that you came late.
2.I have a cold.我感冒了。
1).have/get/catch a cold “感冒，着凉”
The old man _________ a cold yesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了。
2). “have +a/an +疾病名称”意为“得了….病”
have a fever, have a cough,have a headache…
3.I have a sore back.我背痛。
“I have a sore + 身体部位”意为“…痛”
辨析sore和ache
| sore | 形容词，意为“疼痛的；酸痛的”用于身体部位名词前 | sore feet sore leg sore throat |
| ache | 名词，构成复合词 | headache; stomachache |
1).lie 的不同含义及词性变化
| 单词 | 词性 | 词义 | 现在分词 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| lie | 动词 | 躺；平躺 | lying | lay | Lain |
| lie | 动词 | 说谎 | lying | lied | Lied |
| lie | 名词 | 谎言 | 无 | 无 | 无 |
He _________(lie) to me about the result.对于结果他对我说了谎。
2). rest 动词，“休息，放松”
May him rest in peace.
have/take a rest 休息，放松=rest
5.You need to take breaks away from the computer.
take breaks = take/have a break 休息
We are _________ a break under the tree.我们正在树下休息。
6.Yeah，I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.是的，我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐太久了。
1). In the same way:以同样的方式，以相同的方式
She worked out the math problem in the same way.
2).without为介词，意为“无，没有，不”
You can’t buy things _________ money! 你没有钱就买不了东西。
He left without _________ anything.他什么都没有说就离开了。
7.…When the driver saw an old man lying on the side og the road.这时，司机看到路边躺着一位老人。
see/watch/notice/hear sb.doing sth. 强调看到/听到的动作的正在进行
see/强调看到/听到的动作的完整性
e.g. I often _________ him _________ in the garden last month.
上个月，我总是看到他在花园里干活。(强调全过程)
I _________ him _________ in the garden when I passed by yersterday.
昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。(强调动作正在进行)
8.He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.
1).expect +名词/代词 “期待；预料”
I am _________ a phone call from her.我正在等她的电话。
2).expect to do sth.
She expects to go there next week. 她期望下周去那里。
3).expect sb. to do sth. He expected her to go with him.
4).expect +that 从句 I expect that he’ll come back tomorrow.
9. But to my surprise, they all agreed to go with him.
to one’s surprise “使…惊讶的是，出乎…意料”
________ my _________(surprise), he refused to cooperate with us.
让我惊讶的是，他拒绝与我们合作。
2). agree “同意”
a. agree to do sth. “同意做某事”
b. agree with sb.
c. agree on sth. “就某事达成一致”
e.g. My mother agreed _________(buy) me a new pen.
I entirely agree _________ you.
We agree _________ the question.
10.辨析thanks to /thanks for
| thanks to | “多亏，由于”，to是介词，其后接名词、代词或doing |
| thanks for | “因…而感谢”，for 后接感谢的原因，常为名词或doing形式， |
Thanks _________ sending me such a nice gift. 谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。
11.get into trouble “造成麻烦（或烦恼）;陷入困境” trouble是不可数名词。
be in trouble “再麻烦和困境中”
e.g. Lisa _________ _________ trouble when she climed the mountain.
Let us help the people who are ________ _________.
12.Did you fall down?
fall---fell---fallen
| fall down | 意为“倒下”，强调的是“滑倒，倒下”，不能直接跟宾语，加from连接宾语，fall down from，表示“从…摔下” |
| fall off | “跌落”，强调的是“从某处跌落，摔下来”=fall down from |
The boy _________ _________ _________ the tree and broke his legs.
The girl _________ _________ the bike.
Section B
1.Someone felt sick.
Sick;生病的，恶心的。ill也是生病的，也可表示品质恶劣的
辨析sick和ill
| sick | 既可以作定语，也可以用作表语。表语时“恶心的” |
| ill | 既可以作定语，也可以用作表语。作定语时：表示“品质恶劣的” |
He is an _________ student, because he smokes and drinks.
I have to look after my _________ sister home at home today.
2.Someone got hit on the head.有人头部受到了撞击。
1).get hit 为系表结构：get hit +on/in +the+身体部位的名词，表示 “某身体部位受到了撞击”
e.g. The police officer _________ _________on the shoulder. 这位警官的肩膀受到了撞击。
2). hit, “打击，击中” 如果强调 “集中某人的部位”可以用 “hit sb. on/in the + 身体部位”e.g. The bullet hit him on the back. 子弹击中了他的后背。
3).hit可以做名词，“轰动一时的成功的人或事；风靡一时的作品”。
e.g. The song was a hit at once.
3. have problems breathing
breathe, a.动词“呼吸”e.g. He was breathing hard when he finished the race.
名词，breath，没有“e”
take a deep breath 深呼吸；hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
have problems (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难或麻烦”
I have _________ _________ English. 我学习英语有困难。
4. 辨析be used to doing/ be used to do /used to do
| be used to doing | 意为“习惯于”，to是介词+名词/doing |
| be used to do | 意为“被用来做…”to为不定式符号+do原形 |
| used to do | 意为“过去常常”，to为不定式符号+do原形 |
A pen is _________ to _________.钢笔是用来写字的。
He _________ to _________ books for an hour every day.他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。
5. find + 宾语 + 宾补
1). find 宾语 我们发现他不诚实。
2).find 宾语 ’ homework. 我们发现他在抄别人作业。
3).find 宾语 副词和介词短语 I am so glad to find you _________.我很高兴发现你在家。
I found the clothes _________ _________ style. 我发现这些衣服过时了。
6. 辨析run out/run out of 用尽，耗尽
| run out | “动词+副词”结构。相当于不及物动词，后面不接宾语，主语通常是“事物”时间，金钱等 |
| run out of | “动词+副词+介词”结构。相当于及物动词，后面可以接宾语，主语通常是“人” |
We are running out _________ money. 我们的钱快用光了。
7. 辨析so that /so…that
| so that | “以便，为了”=in order that, 引导目的状语从句，常与can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词或助动词。 |
| so….that | “如此…以至于”,引导结果状语从句，so为副词，+adj/adv;that 后跟从句。 可以与…enough to do…和too…to do…进行同义句转换。 |
Say slowy _________ _________ I can follow you.
Tom ran _________ fast _________ I couldn’t catch up with him.
8.so …that 用法。
1). so + adj./adv. +that
2).so + adj. +(+a/an)+n.+that
3). so + many/much/few/little +n.that
e.g. The ceiling is so high that we couldn’t reach. 天花板如此高，我们够不着。
His son is so tall a man that he almost reaches the ceiling.他儿子那么高，几乎够到天花板了。
Kate had so many falls that she was black and blue all over.凯特跌倒了好多次，摔得身体青一款紫一块。
9.give up 放弃
1). “动词+副词”代词做宾语，代词放中间。give it/them/him/her…up
2). give up doing ’s good for you to give up _________. 戒烟对你有好处。
10.I hurt myself playing soccer.
playing soccer 现在分词做伴随状语。表示动作同时发生。其逻辑主语为句子的主语。
e.g. I stayed up late yesterday, _________ for a test. 昨天我为测验熬夜学习到很晚。下载本文
