Language is the most astonishing behavior in the animal kingdom. It is the species-typical behavior that sets humans completely 67 from all other animals. Language is a means of communication, 68 it is much more than that. Many animals can 69 . The dance of the honeybee communicates the location of flowers 70 other members of the hive(蜂群). But human language permits communication about anything. 71 things like unicorns(独角兽)that have never existed. The key 72 in the fact that the units of meaning, words, can be 73 together in different ways, according to 74 , to communicate different meanings.
Language is the most important learning we do. Nothing 75 humans so much as our ability to communicate abstract thoughts, 76 about the university the mind, love, dreams, or ordering a drink, It is an immensely complex 77 that we take for granted. Indeed, we are not aware of most 78 of our speech and understanding. Consider what happens when one person is speaking to 79 . The Speaker has to translate thoughts into 80 language. Brain imaging studies suggest that the time from thoughts to the 81 of speech is extremely fast. Only 0.04 seconds! The listener must hear the sounds to 82 out what the speaker means. He must use the sounds of speech to 83 the words spoken, understand the pattern of 84 of the words (sentences), and finally 85 the meaning. This takes somewhat longer, a minimum of about 0.5 seconds. But 86 started, it is of course a continuous process.
67. A. apart B. off C. up D. down
68. A. so B. but C. or D. for
69. A. transfer B. transmit C. convey D. communicate
70. A. to B. from C. over D. on
71. A. only B. almost C. even D. just
72. A. stays B. situates C. hides D. lies
73. A. stuck B. strung C. rung D. consisted
74. A. rules B. scales C. laws D. standards
75. A. combines B. contains C. defines D. declares
76. A. what B. whether C. while D. if
77. A. prospect B. progress C. process D. produce
78. A. aspects B. abstracts C. angles D. assumptions
79. A. anybody B. another C. other D. everybody
80. A. body B. gesture C. written D. spoken
81. A. growing B. fixing C. beginning D. building
82. A. put B. take C. draw D. figure
83. A. identify B. locate C. reveal D. discover
84. A. performance B. organization C. design D. layout
85. A. prescribe B. justify C. utter D. interpret
86. A. since B. after C. once D. until
07-12 One factor that can influence consumers is
their mood state. Mood may be defined 67 a 67.A)as C)by
temporary and mild positive or negative feeling B)about D)with
that is generalized and not tied 68 any particular 68.A)over C)to
B)under D)up
circumstance. Moods should be 69 from 69.A)derived C)divided
B)descended D)distinguished
emotions which are usually more intense, 70 to 70.A)related C)attached
specific circumstances, and often conscious. B)referred D)associated
71 one sense, the effect of a consumer’s mood 71.A)On C)In
B)Of D)By
can be thought of in 72 the same way as can 72.A)thus C)even
B)much D)still
our reactions to the 73 of our friends—when our 73.A)signal C)view
friends are happy and “up”, that tends to influence B)gesture D)behavior
us positively, 74 when they are “down”, that can 74.A)for C)unless
B)but D)provided
have a 75 impact on us. Similarly, consumers 75.A)relative C)negative
B)decisive D)sensitive
operating under a 76 mood state tend to react to 76.A)given C)fixed
B)granted D)driven
stimulate(刺激因素)in a direction 77 with that 77.A)resistant C)insistent
mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect B)persistent D)consistent
to see 78 in a positive mood state evaluate 78.A)consumer C)retailers
B)businessmen D)manufacturers
products in more of a 79 manner than they 79.A)casual C)serious
B)critical D)favorable
would when not in such a state, 80 mood states 80.A)However C)Moreover
B)Otherwise D)Nevertheless
appear capable of 81 a consumer’s meomory. 81. A) lifting C) raising
B) enhancing D) cultivating
Moods appear to be 81 influenced by mar- 82. A) readily C) cautiously
keting techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, B) rarely D) currently
and 81 of music has been shown to influence 83. A) step C) band
B) speed D) volume
Behavior such as the 81 of time spent in 84. A) extent C) scope
B) amount D) range
Supermarkets or 81 to purchase products. In 85. A) facilities C) reflections
Addition, advertising can influence consumers’ B) capacities D) intensions
moods which, in 81 , are capable of influencing 86. A) turn C) detail
consumers’ reactions to products. B) total D) depth
08-12 Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true__67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports fields and facilities.
Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed__76__some educators and developmental experts__77__that the behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.
This belief that the social__81__influenced a person’s overall development was very__82__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about__84__they might control the experiences of children to__85__responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.
67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards
68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor
69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route
70 A. little B. less C. more D. much
71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack
72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare
73. A. so B. as C. and D. but
74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain
75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally
76.A. before B. while C. until D. when
77.A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited
78.A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly
79. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led
80. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar
81.A. engagement B. environment C. state D. status
82.A. encouraging B. disappointing C. upsetting D. surprising
83.A. for B. with C. over D. at
84.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however
85.A. multiply B. manufacture C. produce D. provide
09-12 Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.
The current people approach which 67 on younger people and on skills for employment is not 68 to meet the challenges of demographic (人口结构的) change, it says. Only 1% of the education budget is 69 spent on the oldest third of the population.
The 70 include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in 71 , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are 72 state pension age.
“ 73 needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources 74 young people cannot meet the new 75 ,” says the report’s author, Professor Stephen McNair.
The major 76 of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. 77 people are changing their jobs, 78 , partners and lifestyles more often than 79 , they need opportunities to learn at every age 80 , some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later.
People need opportunities to make a “midlife review” to 81 to the later stage of employed life, and to plan for the transition (过渡) 82 retirement, which may now happen 83 at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair.
And there should be more money 84 to support people in establishing a 85 of identity and finding constructive 86 for the “third age”, the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life.
67. A) operates B) focuses C) counts D) depends
68. A) superior B) regular C) essential D) adequate
69. A) currently B) barely C) anxiously D) heavily
70. A) regulations B) obstacles C) challenges D) guidelines
71. A) enjoyment B) retirement C) stability D) inability
72. A) over B) after C) across D) beside
73. A) Indentifying B) Learning C) Instructing D) Practicing
74. A) at B) by C) in D) on
75. A) desires B) realms C) needs D) intentions
76. A) measure B) ratio C) area D) portion
77. A) When B) Until C) Whether D) Before
78. A) neighbors B) moods C) homes D) minds
79. A) age B) ever C) previously D) formerly
80. A) For example B) By contrast C) In particular D) On average
81. A) transform B) yield C) adjust D) suit
82. A) within B) from C) beyond D) to
83. A) unfairly B) unpredictably C) instantly D) indirectly
84. A) reliable B) considerable C) available D) feasible
85. A) sense B) conscience C) project D) definition
86. A) ranks B) assets C) ideals D) roles
10-6 The term e-commerce refers to all commercial transactions conducted over the Internet, including transactions by consumers and business-to-business transactions. Conceptually, e-commerce does not __67__ from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone, "mail order" catalogs, or sending a purchase order to supplier __68__ fax.E-commerce follows the same model __69__ in other business transactions; the difference __70__ in the details.
To a consumer, the most visible form of e-commerce consists __71__ online ordering. A customer begins with a catalog of possible items, __72__ an item, arranges a form of payment, and __73__ an order. Instead of a physical catalog, e-commerce arranges for catalogs to be __74__ on the Internet. Instead of sending an order on paper or by telephone, e-commerce arranges for orders to be sent __75__ a computer network. Finally, instead of sending a paper representation of payment such as a check, e-commerce __76__ one to send payment information electronically.
In the decade __77__ 1993, e-commerce grew from an __78__ novelty (新奇事物) to a mainstream business influence. In 1993, few __79__ had a web page, and __80__ a handful allowed one to order products or services online. Ten years __81__, both large and small businesses had web pages, and most __82__ users with the opportunity to place an order. __83__, many banks added online access, __84__ online banking and bill paying became __85__. More importantly, the value of goods and services __86__ over the Internet grew dramatically after 1997.
67.A) distract B) descend C) differ D) derive
68.A) with B) via C) from D) off
69.A) appeared B) used C) resorted D) served
70.A) situates B) lies C) roots D) locates
71.A) on B) of C) for D) to
72.A) reflects B) detects C) protects D) selects
73.A) sends in B) puts out C) stands for D) carries away
74.A) visible B) responsible C) feasible D) sensible
75.A) beside B) over C) beyond D) up
76.A) appeals B) admits C) advocates D) allows
77.A) after B) behind C) until D) toward
78.A) optional B) invalid C) occasional D) insignificant
79.A) communities B) corps C) corporations D) compounds
80.A) largely B) slightly C) solely D) only
81.A) lately B) later C) late D) latter
82.A) offered B) convinced C) equipped D) provided
83.A) Instead B) Nevertheless C) However D) Besides
84.A) and B) or C) but D) though
85.A) different B) flexible C) widespread D) productive
86.A) acquired B) adapted C) practiced D) proceeded
10-12 Over half the world’s people now live in cities. The latest “Global Report on Human Settlements” says a significant change took place last year. The report 67 this week from U.N. Habitat, a United Nations agency.
A century ago, 68 than five percent of all people lived in cities. 69 the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or 70 six and a half billion people.
Already three-fourths of people in 71 countries live in cities. Now most urban population 72 is in the developing world.
Urbanization can 73 to social and economic progress, but also put 74 on cities to provide housing and 75 . The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move 76 cities and towns each day. It says worsening inequalities, 77 by social divisions and differences in 78 , could result in violence and crime 79 cities plan better.
Another issue is urban sprawl (无序扩展的城区). This is where cities 80 quickly into rural areas, sometimes 81 a much faster rate than urban population growth.
Sprawl is 82 in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the 83 cities to smaller ones. He sees a 84 toward “de-urbanization” across the nation.
85 urban economies still provide many 86 that rural areas do not.
67. [A] came on [B] came off [C] came over [D] came out
68. [A] more [B] other [C] less [D] rather
69. [A] By [B] Through [C] Along [D] To
70. [A] really [B] barely [C] ever [D] almost
71. [A] flourishing [B] developed [C] thriving [D] fertile
72. [A] extension [B] addition [C] raise [D] growth
73. [A] keep [B] turn [C] lead [D] refer
74. [A] pressure [B] load [C] restraint [D] weight
75. [A] surroundings [B] communities [C] concerns [D] services
76. [A] onto [B] into [C] around [D] upon
77. [A] pulled [B] driven [C] drawn [D] pressed
78. [A] situation [B] wealth [C] treasure [D] category
79. [A] when [B] if [C] unless [D] whereas
80. [A] expand [B] split [C] invade [D] enlarge
81. [A] in [B] beyond [C] with [D] at
82. [A] common [B] conventional [C] ordinary [D] frequent
83. [A] essential [B] prior [C] primitive [D] major
84. [A] trend [B] style [C] direction [D] path
85. [A] Then [B] But [C] For [D] While
86. [A] abilities [B] qualities [C] possibilities [D] realities
10-6 When it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.
Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds.
Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy."
You'll automatically be 81 the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make 82 three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. 83 in the restaurant one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.
The foods you choose to eat as well as those you choose to 84 clearly contribute to your well-being. Without a 85 , each of the small decisions you make in this realm can make a big 86 on your health in the years to come.
67. A) between B) through C) inside D) to
68. A) serious B) splendid C) specific D) separate
69. A) key B) point C) lead D) center
70. A) strict B) different C) typical D) natural
71. A) rescue B) prevent C) forbid D) offend
72. A) in B) upon C) for D) by
73. A) turn B) put C) focus D) carry
74. A) over B) along C) with D) beyond
75. A) other B) better C) rather D) sooner
76. A) conveyed B) consumed C) entered D) exhausted
77. A) vital B) initial C) valid D) radical
78. A) disturbed B) depressed C) amazed D) amused
79. A) retain B) contain C) attain D) maintain
80. A) interfere B) interact C) reckon D) rest
81. A) at B) of C) on D) within
82. A) out B) into C) off D) up
83. A) Engage B) Fill C) Insert D) Pack
84. A) delete B) hinder C) avoid D) spoil
85. A) notion B) hesitation C) reason D) doubt
86. A) outcome B) function C) impact D) commitment
11-12 Employers fear they will be unable recruit students with the skills they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey 67_______.
Nearly half of organizations told researchers they were already struggling to find 68_______ with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), 69_______ even more companies expect to experience 70_______ of employees with STEM skills in the next three years.
The Confederation of British Industry 71_______ 694 businesses and organizations across the public and 72_______ sectors, which together employ 2.4 million people.
Half are 73_______ they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to 74_______ enough employees with the right A-level skills.
"75_______ we move further into recovery and businesses plan 76_______ growth, the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will 77_______," said Richard Lambert, director general, CBI. “Firms say it is already hard to find people with the right 78_______ or engineering skills. The new government must make it a top 79_______ to encourage more young people to study science-related 80_______."
The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects 81_______ they studied business studies, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level. The A-levels that employers 82_______ least are psychology and sociology. And while many employers don't insist on a 83_______ degree subject, a third prefer to hire those with a STEM-related subject.
The research 84_______ worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK 85_______. Half of employers expressed worries about employees' basic literacy and numeracy(计算) skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, 86_______ two-thirds reported concerns.
67. A submits B reveals C launches D generates
68. A audience B officials C partners D staff
69. A while B because C for D although
70. A exits B shortages C absences D departures
71. A surveyed B searched C exposed D exploited
72. A collective B private C personal D civil
73. A confronted B conformed C concerned D confused
74. A bind B attain C transfer D recruit
75. A Lest B Unless C Before D As
76. A with B for C on D by
77. A dominate B stretch C enforce D intensify
78. A creative B technical C narrative D physical
79. A priority B option C challenge D judgment
80. A procedures B academies C thoughts D subjects
81. A until B since C whereas D if
82. A rate B discuss C order D observe
83. A typical B positive C particular D general
84. A highlighted B prescribed C focused D touched
85. A masses B workforce C faculty D communities
86. A what B whom C where D why 下载本文