2. The definition of Dramatic monologue
A kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speaker’s life, and the dramatic monologue reveals the speaker’s personality as well as the incident that is the subject of the poem. An example of a dramatic monologue is My Last Duchess by Robert Browning.
3. Irony
A contrast between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. Three kinds of irony are: verbal irony; dramatic irony; irony of situation
4. Modernism
Modernism may be seen as a literary movement, spanning the period from the late 19th century to the start of the Second World War. In their writing, the Modernists break narrative frames or move from on level of narration to another without warning. Instead of plot events, there is an emphasis on character’s consciousness, unconsciousness, memory, and perception. It takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.
5. Aestheticism
Aestheticism (or the Aesthetic Movement) had its roots in France, but it gained widespread importance in England in the last half of the nineteenth century, where it helped change the Victorian practice of including moral lessons in literature.
Followers of the movement believed that art should not be mixed with social, political, or moral teaching.
Oscar Wilde is one of the best-known "aesthetes" of the late nineteenth century.
6. Point of view
The way a story gets told and who tells it. It is the method of narration that determines the position, or angle of vision, from which the story unfolds. There are two basic points of view:
first-person point of view: the narrator speaks as "I“. The first-person point of view is limited, since the reader is told only what this character knows and observes.
third-person point of view: the narrator seems to be someone standing outside the story, the “all-knowing”, who refers to all the characters by name or as he, she, they, and so on; on the other hand, the third-person narrator might tell a story from the point of view of only one character in the story.
7. Symbolism
The French symbolist poetry greatly influenced many English writers, particularly poets, of the 20th century. To the symbolist poets, an emotion is indefinite and therefore difficult to communicate. Symbolists poets tend to avoid any direct statement of meaning. Instead, they work thorough emotionally powerful symbols that suggest meaning and mood.
8. Symbol
•Any object, person, place, or action that has a meaning in itself and that also stands for something larger than itself, such as a quality, an attitude, a belief, or a value. A rose is often a symbol of love and beauty; a skull is often a symbol of death; spring and winter often symbolize youth and old age.
9. Definition of Stream of Consciousness
•They style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. Stream of consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue. James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the two best-known novelists of the stream of consciousness.
10. Fable
●A fable refers to a brief story that is told to present a moral, or practical lesson. The characters of fables are often animals who speak and act like human beings.
●A fable is a veiled story about the truth of human existence. It is generally, timeless and placeless because of the universally applicable nature of the verities revealed. 下载本文