作业四:将下列段落翻译成中文
Classification of electric machines
When classifying of electric machines (motors and generators) it is reasonable to start with physical principle for converting electric energy to mechanical energy. It is important to distinguish between the machine and the controller regardless of if the controller is a separate inverter (electrical) or if it is built into the motor in the form of a commutator (electric). If the controller is included as a part of the machine all machines can be powered by both AC and DC current, although some machines will need a more advanced controller than others. Classification is complicated by the possibilities of combining physical principles when constructing an electrical machine. It can e.g. be possible to run a brushed machine as a reluctance machine (without using the rotor coils) if the rotor iron has the correct shape.
Generally all electric machines can be turned inside out, so rotor and stator exchange places. All rotating electric machines have an equivalent linear electric machine where stator moves along a straight line instead of rotating. The opposite--linear to rotary dual--is not always the case. Motors and generators can be designed with or without iron to improve the path of the magnetic field (teeth to reduce the air gap is a common example) and with and without permanent magnets (PM), with different pole number etc., but still belong to different classes of machines. Electric machines can be synchronous meaning that the magnetic field set up by the stator coils rotates with the same speed as the rotor; or asynchronous, meaning that there is a speed difference. PM machines and reluctance machines are always synchronous. Brushed machines with rotor windings can be synchronous when the rotor is supplied with DC or AC with same frequency as stator or asynchronous when stator and rotor are supplied with AC with different frequencies. Induction machines are usually asynchronous, but can be synchronous, if there are superconductors in the rotor windings.
With that in mind, it is correct to classify common electric machines as:
1.Electromagnetic-rotor machines
●Permanent Magnet (PM) machines
●Brushed machines (Machine with Slip rings)
●Induction machines
2.Reluctance machines (Step machines).
3.Electrostatic machines
4.Homopolar machines
电机的分类
电机(电动机和发电机)的分类时它是合理的开始物理原理为将电能转换为机械能。它不管所述控制器是一个单独的逆变器(电的)的机器和控制器之间进行区分是很重要的,或者如果它被内置在电动机中的换向器(电)的形式。如果控制器被包括在机器的所有的机器可以通过交流和直流电流供电的一部分,虽然有些机器将需要比其他更先进的控制器。分类是通过构建一个电机时,结合物理原理的可能性变得复杂。它可以如可以运行了拉丝机作为磁阻电机(不使用转子线圈)如果转子铁具有正确的形状。
一般所有的电机可以内而外被打开,所以转子和定子的交流场所。所有旋转电机具有等效的线性电机,其中定子沿直线移动旋转代替。相反 - 线形到旋转双 - 并非总是如此。电动机和发电机可以被设计具有或不具有铁,以提高磁场的路径(齿,以减少空气间隙是一个常见的例子),并具有和不具有永磁铁(PM)的,具有不同极数等,但仍属于不同类别的机器。电机可以是同步的意思的磁场设置由定子线圈旋转以相同的速度为所述转子;或异步的,这意味着有一个速度差。 PM机和磁阻电机总是同步的。与转子绕组拉丝机可以是同步的,当转子提供有直流或交流用频率相同的定子或异步当定子和转子被提供交流与不同的频率。感应机通常是异步的,但也可以是同步的,如果有,在转子绕组超导体。
考虑到这一点,这是正确的普通电机的分类:
1.电磁转子机
永磁(PM)的机器
拉丝机(机器与滑环)
感应机
2.磁阻电机(步机)。
3.静电机
4.单极机下载本文