01 命题趋势 考标导向化
近几年中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词a和an的区别,定冠词及零冠词。对冠词的习惯用法的考查是主要考点之一,所以对此类用法一定要熟记在心。另外在学习中,应充分重视对最基本的冠词知识的理解、掌握,同时注意冠词活用的问题。做题时要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词及泛指、特指等概念。预计2017年命题趋势仍可能是定冠词与不定冠词的区别和冠词的习惯用法。
02 定义 概念清晰化
冠词是一种虚词,不能在句子中作成分,要用在名词的前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。它不能离开名词而单独存在,因此,可以说冠词就是名词的一种标志。在英语中,冠词分为不定冠词(a和an)和定冠词(the)两种:不定冠词一般用于单数名词前,表示泛指;定冠词既可修饰可数名词(单复数均可),又可修饰不可数名词,表示特指。
03 知识归类 知识网络化
❶不定冠词a(an)
| 分类图解 |
| 用法 | 例子 |
| 1.a用在辅音音素前,an用在元音音素前。 | This is a useful book. He is an honest boy. |
| 2.用于第一次提到的、表示人或物的可数的单数名词前,表示“一个”,相当于one。 | Here is a map of the United States. I have a story book. |
| 3.用在可数的、单数形式的普通名词前,表示价格、速度、时间、频率等度量上的“每一”等。 | An apple a day keeps the doctor away. We take computer lessons once a week. |
| 4.抽象名词在某些情况下可以与不定冠词连用,表示“一种、一场”等。 | It’s a pleasure to have a chat with you. |
| 5.用在单数名词前,表示一类人或物中的任何一个。 | The sun is a star. A knife is used for cutting. |
| 6.用在序数词前表示“又一、再一”等。 | He copied the article a third time. |
| 7.用于固定短语中。 | have a look, a lot of, have a good time, a little, a few |
| 特例清单 |
2.有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头,但使用不定冠词a。如:useful和university以元音字母u开头,但u发/ju /音,故使用a。
3.表示成套的东西时,两个并列的名词前只能用一个不定冠词。如:
a knife and fork一套刀叉
a table and chair 一套桌椅
4.不可数名词前一般不用冠词,但如果具体化,表示一个具体的情况、动作或某一类事物时,可以用不定冠词a或an。如:
—Have a smoke?抽支烟吧?
—No, thanks. I gave up smoking long time ago.不了,谢谢,我早戒了。
Tom started at a walk but soon broke into a run.汤姆开始时步行,但一会儿就奔跑起来了。
【题组训练】
( )1.(2016·来宾)—Would you like____ new blue T-shirt,Mary?
—Sorry,Mom. I prefer ______ orange one.
A.a;a B.a;an
C.an;a D.an;an
( )2.(2016·曲靖)—Have you seen the film Dad,Where Are We Going?
—Yes.It’s ________ interesting one.
A.a B.an
C.the D./
( )3.(2016·丽水)Mrs. Smith has ______ 8-year-old daughter who has won two national painting prizes.
A.a B.an
C.the D.不填
( )4.(2016·重庆)I have ______ English dictionary and it helps me a lot.
A.a B.an
C.the D./
( )5.(2016·镇江)We can live a better life if we create ________ less polluted world.
A.the B.an
C.a D.不填
❷定冠词the
| 分类图解 |
| 用法 | 例子 |
| 1.用于谈话双方都清楚的名词前,表示特指。 | Tom, come to the blackboard, please. |
| 2.用于再次被提到的名词前。 | There is a book on the desk. The book is Tom’s. |
| 3.和一些名词连用,表示类别。 | The light bulb was invented by Edison. |
| 4.用于被形容词、介词短语或定语从句修饰的名词前。 | Hand me the new book, please. |
| 5.用于形容词的最高级或序数词前。 | Tom is the tallest in our class. |
| 6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 | the sun, the moon, play the piano |
| 7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 | The Turners are at breakfast table. |
| 8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 | The young should help the old. |
| 9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 | the Great Wall, the United States |
| 10.用于一些固定短语中。 | by the way, in the end |
( )6.(2016·永州)The little girl began to play _____ violin at the age of five.
A.a B.the C.不填
( )7.(2016·十堰)—Can you play ______ guitar?
—Sure. It’s a piece of cake for me.
A.a B.an
C.the D./
( )8.(2016·嘉兴)—What’s the matter with you?
—I can’t remember where I parked _________ car.
A.a B.an
C.the D.不填
( )9.(2016·淮安)Beijing is one of _______ biggest cities in China.
A.a B.an
C.the D./
( )10.(2016·威海)Mom,I like _______ green T-shirt. Could you buy it for me?
A.a B.an
C.the D.不填
❸不用冠词的情况
| 分类图解 |
| 用法 | 例子 |
| 1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 | Paper is made of wood. |
| 2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 | Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class. |
| 3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 | My parents are teachers. |
| 4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 | Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer. |
| 5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 | He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school. |
| 6.在某些固定短语中。 | in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school |
| 特例清单 |
We had a wonderful lunch.我们吃了一顿很好的午餐。
He gave me a good supper.他请我吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
2.如果特指某顿饭时,可加定冠词。如:
The supper was different from that one.这顿饭和那顿饭不同。
How did you like the dinner they gave?你们觉得他们提供的饭怎么样?
3.如果季节、月份或日期名词被一个限定词修饰时,前面可加定冠词。如:
He came to Beijing in the winter of 1999.他是1999年冬天来北京的。
I bought the bike in the May of 2004.这辆自行车是我2004年的5月份买的。
4.由festival组成的中国特有的节日前要加定冠词the。如:the Spring Festival春节;the Lantern Festival 元宵节。
5.某些短语中有无冠词the,意义会大不相同。如:
(1)go to school去上学;go to the school到(所指)的学校去
(2)at table用餐,在吃饭;at the table在桌边
(3)in hospital生病住院;in the hospital 在医院里(并非生病住院)
(4)in front of在……前面(范围之外);in the front of 在……前部(范围之内)
(5)by sea(=by ship)乘船,走水路;by the sea 在海边
(6)in class在上课;in the class在班上
(7)in place of替代;in the place of 在……地方
【题组训练】
( )11.(2016·内江)—Would you like to come to my party this afternoon?
—I’d like to,but my mother is ill in ____ hospital,I will go to____ hospital to see her.
A.不填;a B.a;the
C.the;the D.不填;the
( )12.(2016·兰州)She likes playing _____ piano; her brother likes playing _____ basketball.
A.the;a B.a:the
C./;the D.the;/
( )13.(2016·邵阳)The young man in a blue coat is my PE teacher. He often plays _________basketball with us.
A.the B.a C./
( )14.(2016·泰州)Lu Jailed,14,from ______ Hangzhou Foreign Language School,won _________ first place in the CCTV Character Spelling Contest(中国汉字听写大会).
A./;the B.a;the C.a;a D./;a
( )15.(2016·广东)Eric is not going to Nanjing by ______ plane. Instead,he is taking _________ train.
A./;a B.a;/ C.a;the D.the;a
04 整合集训 反馈层级化
( )1.David is from _____ European country and he is _______honest boy.
A.a;a B.a;an C.an;a D.an;an
( )2.Beijing is _____ capital of China and it is _____ city with many places of interest.
A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;the
( )3.—Would you like some dumplings for ______ supper?
—But we just had dumplings on _______ Tuesday.
A.a;the B.the;a C.a;a D./;/
( )4.—What was Professor Wang doing at this time yesterday?
—She was giving her students ____ lesson on ____ history.
A.a;/ B.a;an C.the;the D.the;a
( )5. _____Whites were watching TV when _____ telephone rang.
A.A;a B.A;the C.The;the D./;a
( )6.—Why did you laugh just now?
—Dad wanted to tell me ____ very funny story, but he forgot ____ end himself.
A.a;an B.an;the C.the;a D.a;the
( )7.—How was ______ dinner at Mike’s house?
—It was great.Mike’s mum is ______wonderful cook.
A.a;the B.the;a C.the;the D.a;an
( )8.He has tried twice, and he is asked to have ______ third try.
A.the B.a C.an D./
( )9.—Excuse me.Do you have any books about _____ moon?
—Yes,they are on ______ shelf over there.
A.a;a B.a;the C.the;/ D.the;the
( )10.I like playing ____ chess,while my brother is interested in listening to _____ music.
A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D.a;the
( )11.There is _____ airport in our city,and it is _____ first one in our province.
A.a;the B.an;/ C.a;/ D.an;the
( )12.—There’s _____ ball on the ground. Would you please pass ______ ball to me?
—With pleasure.
A.the;the B.the;a
C.a;a D.a;the
( )13.We have raised a lot of money for _____ poor in our country.
A.an B./ C.a D.the
( )14.We usually go to ____ school on weekdays,and sometimes go to _____cinema at weekends.
A./;the B.the;the
C.the;/ D./;/
( )15.—How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here?
—It takes you ______ hour or more to go to my hometown by _______ train.
A.an;a B.a;a C.an;/ D.a;/
( )16.—Where are my shoes,Mum?
—I’ve washed them for you.You have to wear _____ different pair.
A.the B.a C.an D./
( )17.—Look!There is ____ useful book on the desk.
— _____book must be Lucy’s.She left there just now.
A.a;The B.the;The
C.an;The D.an;A
( )18.—Can Xie Xiaojun play _____ piano?
—Yes.She can play a little. She has made _____ decision to learn to play more music.
A.the;the B.a;a
C.a;an D.the;a
( )19.—I have got _____ A for my English Mummy.
—Oh,boy,you have really given me _______ pleasant surprise.
A.an;/ B.an;a C.a;the D.a;/
( )20.—Many young people are interested in _____ secrets behind Liu Qian’s magic.
—Me,too.I think he has ______ creative mind.
A./;a B./;the
C.the;a D.the;the
( )21.—What ______ bad weather it is today!
—Yes, _______weather makes me so sad.
A.a;a B ./;the
C.an;the D.the;a
( )22.—You know, Yao Ming used to be ____ NBA player,but now he is ______ boss.
—No matter what he does,I like him very much.
A.a;an B.an;a C.a;a D.an;an
( )23.—How do you know Mr.Black is ______ officer,Mary?
—From his clothes.He’s wearing _____ uniform today.
A.an;an B.an;a
C.a;an D.a;a
( )24.Stop shouting in the classroom,little Michael.Don’t be ______ impolite boy!
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )25.—Have you ever been to Taiwan?
—Yes.It is _____ largest island in China. It’s ____ wonderful place to travel.
A.a;a B.the;a
C.a;the D.the;the
参:
(二)冠词
题组训练
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整合集训
1—5BCDAC6—10DBBDA11—15DDDAC
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