Case 1
Erica: Hello! Thank for coming. Here, let me take your coat.
Lin: Hello. Thanks. Here’s some wine for you.
Erica: That’s lovely. You really shouldn’t have, Lin. Thank you. Let’s go in and meet the others.
分析:无论东方还是西方,去做客总要带点儿礼物。无论赴晚会还是晚宴,带甁葡萄酒总是适宜的。有些西方人给女主人买些花儿,或是巧克力。
呈上礼物的时候,对你的礼物低调处理,就是说,不要太多地谈论你的礼物。上面的范例是,受礼的主人倒要说上两句,以表谢意。
Case 2
Erica: Lin, do have some more dessert.
Lin: Thank you, but I’m afraid I’ve had enough. It’s wonderful.
分析:同世界上其他国家的人一样,西方人也很好客。他们也总是想让客人吃得多多的。所有学会怎样在餐桌上婉言谢绝很有用处。
Case 3
After the meal and after the table has been cleared. Liu is not sure what to do, but wants to help in some way. At least he wants to offer.
Helen: Thanks for your help, Huang.
Liu: Pleasure. What can I do now?
Helen: Nothing. It’s fine. I’ll rinse these dishes then stack them. It’ll only take a minute.
Liu: Does the family usually help?
Helen: Well, at special times. Jack sometimes rinses the dishes but you can see he’s really tired tonight.
Liu: Let me do it for you.
Helen: No truly, it’s okay.
Liu: Maybe I can wipe the table then.
Helen: That would be helpful. Thanks. You’re really kind, Huang.
分析:在西方人家中的就餐的时间里,大家都设法插手帮一下忙,即便是男士也不例外,不要一点不动着开饭。所有家住者要能帮者摆摆餐具,或餐后收拾洗碗,把餐具放进洗碗机,倒垃圾,站在一边帮着擦干洗好的餐具。虽然都是小忙,却表明你对别人的操劳非常在意,是个用心的人。
Case 4
An American went to Chinese home. He was offered some tea. Just when the first cup was about to finish, more tea was added. The visitor drank the second cup. Then the cup was filled the third time. Then he drank it, then… until the visitor was quite full. Why?
分析:在中国的传统文化习俗里,主任通常会不断给客人倒水倒茶,或者不断地给客人的盘子里加食物以表示他的热情好客。面对的这样的情况,中国客人知道如何处理,在他们觉得吃饱喝足之后,就会随它放在桌上。而美国客人就不懂了,在美国,在自己的盘子里剩下食物是不礼貌的,于是他出于遵循美国文化理念可能会在这样的招待中吃的过多。
Case 5
Lin: Thank you so much for a wonderful night. I’ve had a great time.
Erica: It’s been a pleasure having you. We hope you can come again, soon.
Lin: I’d like that. You both know how to make me feel at home. Thanks for everything.
分析:在动身离去的时候,找到主人,当面说一声谢谢,是有礼貌的行为。
Case 6
Dinner with Friend
Janice is a young American engineer working for a manufacturing joint venture near Nanjing. She and her husband George, who is teaching English at a university, are learning Chinese and enjoying their new life .They have been eager to get to know Chinese people better so they were pleased when Liu Lingling , Janice’s young co-worker invited them to her home for dinner.
When Janice and George arrived,Lingling introduced them to her husband Yang Feng , asked them to sit down at a table containing 8 plates of various cold dishes, served them tea and then disappeared with her husband into the kitchen. After a few minutes Lingling came back and added water to their tea. Janice offered to help in the kitchen but Lingling said she didn’t need help. She invited the couple to look at their new CD player and their colorful TV and then disappeared again.
A half-hour later she came back and sat down and the three began to eat. Yang Feng came in from time to time to put dish after hot dish on the table. Most of the food was wonderful but neither George nor Janice could eat the fatty pork in pepper sauce or the ea cucumbers, and there was much more than they could eat. They kept wishing Yang Feng would sit down so they could talk to him .Finally he did sit down to eat a bit ,but quickly turned on the TV to show them all its high teching features. Soon it was time to go home.
George and Janice felt slightly depressed by this experience, but returned the invitation two weeks later. They decided to make a nice American meal and felt lucky to find olives, tomato juice, crackers and as appetizers. For the main course they prepared spaghetti and a salad with dressing made from oil, vinegar, and some spices they found in the market.
When Liu Lingling and Yang Feng arrived they were impressed by the apartment and asked the price of the TV, video player, vacuum cleaner and other things. Janice politely refused to answer their questions. They took small tastes of the appetizers and seemed surprised when both George and Janice sat down with them. They ate only a little spaghetti and did not finish the salad on their plates. George urged them to eat more but they refused and looked around expectantly. Junice and George talked about their families and jobs and asked the table and served coffee and pastries. Yang Feng and Lingling each put four spoons of sugars into their coffee but did not drink much of it and ate only a bite or two of pastry.
After they left, George said that at least they had a chance to talk, but Janice was upset. “We left their place so full that we couldn’t walk and they’re going to have to eat again when they get home. What went wrong?
分析:中西方饮食习惯大大的不同。中国人邀请客人会准备一大桌子的菜,并在就餐过程中使劲劝说客人多吃点,吃完之后, 还有剩菜,就表明主人的盛情款待。而西方人一不劝吃,二就餐完毕后,盘子最好是空的。本案列中的两对中外夫妇不明这个文化差异,发生误解就是自然而然的事了。
Case 7
Can We Talk About It?
Linda Carmichael lives in a Canadian city with her two-year-old adopted Chinese daughter Ming. Linda is a busy professional woman and a single parent who wants her daughter to speak Chinese and know the culture she was born into. For this reason Linda invites new Chinese immigrants to live in a spare bedroom in her house. She always interviews prospective housemates before they move in. She wants to avoid any misunderstandings by making her expectations clear, and she wants everyone who lives in the house to benefit .Among other things, she wants to see how Ming likes any new person who might live with them. She expects a new resident in her home to agree to share housework and to speak Chinese to Ming. In exchange Linda agrees to help with English and any other problems the newly arrived immigrant might face in adapting to life in Canada.
Linda liked 32-year-old Jiang Yumei, an engineer from northeast China, immediately when she came for her interview, and so did Ming. Jiang Yumei thought this would be an ideal place to spend the six months she had to wait until her husband and 4-year-old son could join her. They lived with Jiang Yumei’s parents, where she and her husband had lived since they married. She had never lived apart from her parents except to be able to live with a family. She readily agreed to everything Linda said during the interview.
After a few weeks Linda noticed that Jiang Yumei seldom did any housework. She did not even clean up after herself, so Linda had more housework than before Jiang Yumei moved in. Linda helped JiangYumei with English and job applications, and practiced job interview with her. At the same time Jiang Yumei did not seem to spend much time with Ming.
Linda gave Jiang Yumei some lightened reminders such as joking about how she hates housework or saying,”Ming, tell me what you did this afternoon.”
This did not produce any positive result, so Linda decided to discuss the problem directly. One evening at the kitchen table Lina said, “I think we have some crossed lines of communication. Understood that we had a certain agreement between us, but you obviously understood something different .Can we talk about it?”
Jiang Yumei was silent and stared at the table.
Linda tried again, “I hoped you would spend more time with Ming, You two got along so well at first. She likes you and is disppointed that you don’t play with her.”
Jiang Yumei did not say anything. She did not look at Linda. Her body stiffened, her face turned red, and she stared at the floor.
Linda tried again, “I’m not angry, just confused, tell me what you’re thinking, I want to understand your point of view.”
More silence.
Finally Linda could not tolerate Jiang Yumei’s silence any longer. She was angry when she said, “You know, in this culture it’s very rude to stay silent when someone is trying wery hard to resolve a misunderstanding.”
The next day Linda went to see her friend Liu Qian, who had lived in Canada for over a year. Liu listened to Linda’s story and said, “She’s angry!” This was a surprise to Linda.
“What is she angry about? Why won’t she talk to me?”
Linda never found out. Jiang Yumei moved out soon after.
分析:中国人较含蓄内敛,而外国人热情外向。所以本案列中,一加拿大人为了帮助自己的养女学习中文,找了一个中国移民来家里生活,但是由于双方的性格差异和文化差异,在日常生活中常会发生一些冲突。
Case 8
Linhua has accompanied an American delegation to visit China. They have experienced the hospitality of the Chinese people. After returning to America, Linhua once visited them. They were so glad to meet again. Linhua offered to host the meal, but they refused. They ordered their own dish, and Linhua ordered her own. When footing the bill, they only paid their part, and no one wanted to pay for Linhua. Linhua found them so inhospitable, though she knew the Americans would usually pay for their own food.
分析:在中国,为了表示热情好客,人们往往会请客人在自己家里吃饭,要是在外就餐时,主人也会抢着为客人买单。而在美国,为了表示平等与,就餐时,人们一般都实行AA制,各付各的帐。
Case 9
A famous Chinese actress married a German. One day when she was acting, her husband was there watching, saying again and again that she was the best actress. The actress’ colleagues present asked her afterwards to tell her husband not to praise his own wife like that in public. On learning this, the German wondered what he did wrong.
Once the actress and her husband were talking with their Chinese friends at a party, her husband politely praised a Chinese lady on her beauty. The lady’ husband said that his wife was moderately good looking when young, but now she was old and no longer so. The lady nodded in agreement with a smile. The actress’ husband was surprised.
分析:在西方国家里,家庭成员之间互相赞美是很正常的事情,被赞美者通常也会感到很愉快。但是中国人似乎很少在公共场所赞美自己的家人。在第二个例子中,西方文化里认为说自己的家人看上去很老,这样的说法是不合适的。称赞“你有一个漂亮的妻子”在西方国家里是很自然的也是被高度欣赏的,而在中国同样的赞美或许会被认为是不妥当的,尤其在年长者面前。下载本文