I.常用的两类结尾段信号词
文章的总结信号一般来说位于结尾段的段首,大多用逗号与整个句子隔开,达到强调的目的。但要注意阐述观点和分析解决这两种类型的文章在这些词句的使用上会有不同。
★例1: 【考试真题】--- Argumentation
Some people think that people moving to a new country should accept new cultures in the foreign country rather than living as a separate minority group with different lifestyles. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
【考生范文】
In conclusion, retaining their cultural uniqueness is not only a realistic policy for immigrants, but also a significant step in preserving cultural heritages from a global perspective. As is known to all, cultural identity is of great importance to everyone.
表达结尾的词组:Overall, To conclude, All in all, In general, Generally speaking, In short,To sum up
表达结尾的短句 : From what has been discussed above, we can safely conclude that…”
★例2: 【考试真题】--- Report
Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have been aware of this problem for a long time. Why do people do so little about it? Give your suggestions on how to solve this problem.
【考生范文】
In order to rectify the situation, both the government and individuals should take immediate actions. First, it is essential to raise the public’s ecological awareness……Meanwhile, rampant consumerism should be curbed to slow down the depletion of resources…….
表示“为了解决…”的方法:直接使用动词不定式to(注意:不可以在句首使用so as to),in the hope of (doing),for the purpose of (doing)等等。
II.不同体裁文章的结尾段
1.周全总结(双边与让步)
【考生范文1】
Overall, a university, when functioning well, serves both of these purposes. By studying both theoretical courses and vocational skills, students can strengthen the knowledge and abilities and become useful people who can contribute some real stuff to the society.
【考生范文2】
We should find the right balance between tourism development and cultural protection and I believe the government has a very important role to play here. In my own country, for example, many tourist cities have made effective development plans to successfully attract large numbers of visitors while still preserving their distinct cultural traditions.
【考生范文3】
In conclusion, there are strong arguments for each study method, but as far as I am concerned, group study is more effective because I feel that if the learner shares what he knows with someone else then his own understanding of the subject matter could be further improved.
【考生范文4】
Given the above arguments, it is reasonable to assume that although modern technology has made our life easier and more comfortable, it takes away the real pleasure of creative entertainment.
2.兴利除弊(双边与让步)
【考生范文1】
International tourism should be encouraged for the sake of economic benefit. By contrast, the government is obliged to take some measures to prevent too many tourists from affecting the normal life of the local inhabitants.
【考生范文2】
To sum up, it is difficult to tell whether or not such a “global language” as English brings more benefit or drawbacks. Its application in the international trade and communication should be promoted; meanwhile, the destructive effect it can impose on the minor languages should be minimized to preserve the diversified cultures.
【考生范文3】
To sum up, it is obvious that the benefits of interracial marriage outweigh it drawbacks, which helps to explain why this marriage pattern has gained great popularity in many developing countries.
【考生范文4】
Given the above arguments, it is reasonable to conclude that although mobile phones have some benefits, the negative influences they have produced should not be overlooked because the downsides far exceed the merits.
【考生范文5】
To sum up, population ageing is an inevitable prospect, the negative effects of which outweigh the positive. As ageing is a normal part of lifecycle for human beings, we must recognize its challenges to our life and society, and work on effective strategies to minimize its adverse influences.
3. 第三方取决于
【考试真题】
Some teachers say students should be organized into groups to study, while others argue that students should be made to study alone.
Tell the benefits of each study method. Which one do you think is more effective?
【考生范文】
From my point of view, anyone who claims one method is better than the other must be (否定任何单边的观点)making a mistake. Whether students should study alone or in a group depends on the students themselves who are individually different.( 指明影响结果的第三方因素) .Some of them might be productive if they are left alone but others might be unable to work at all without help from others.(阐述该因素如何影响结果的发展)
4. 单边总结理由
【考试真题】
Children who are brought up in families that do not have large amounts of money are better prepared to deal with the problems of adult life than children brought up by wealthy parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
【考生范文】
Main idea: I do agree to the statement that children brought up in poor families are better prepared to deal with the problems of adult life than children brought up by wealthy parents.
Supporting idea 1(SI-1): Children of poor parents are prematurely exposed to the problems of adult life.
Supporting idea 2(SI-2): These children are taught necessary skills for survival as an adult from a very early age.
Supporting idea 3(SI-3): Children of poor families also are highly motivated.
Conclusion: To sum up, children with impoverished backgrounds are able to(重新陈述引言段中的观点)deal with problems of adult life because of early exposure, family role model
SI-1 SI-2
and sheer motivation.
SI-3
在结尾段我们可以非常容易的发现主体段的三个分论点全部得到了体现,并且了发生了一定的同义替换,读者能够跟随作者的归纳再次回顾文章的各个论点及论据,很大程度上增加了议论文的说服力。
5. “展望未来”式的结尾方式
【考试真题】
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they shouldn’t waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
【考生范文】
In conclusion, modern technology has turned a public library from a place of lending and borrowing books into an interactive center for the spread of human knowledge and experience. And as the hi-tech media are growing to be a more对未来的展望and more sophisticated technology, the libraries will most probably be情态动词搭配副词表可能性wasting their time and resources if they refuse to have these devices furnished.再次点题,强调主论点下载本文