I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)
1. English consonants can be classified into stops. fricatives, nasals, etc. , in terms of ( ).
A. manner of articulation B. openness of mouth
C. place of articulation D. voicing
2. The study of how words are combined to form sentences is called ( ).
A. phonetics B. morphology
C. syntax D. semantics
3. According to Chomsky, ( ) is the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language.
A. competence B. parole
C. performance D. langue
4. “Sweets” and “candy” are used respectively in Britain in and America, but refer to the same thing. The words are ( ) synonyms.
A. collocational B. dialectal
C. complete D. stylistic
5. Different meanings can be associated with one linguistic form, but there is no basic meaning among them. This is known as ( ).
A. homonymy B. hyponymy
C. polysemy D. antonymy
6. “How fast did he drive when he ran the red light?” ( ) “He ran the red light”.
A. entails B. contradicts
C. presupposes D. includes
7. The word “lab” is formed through ( ).
A. back formation B. blending
C. clipping D. derivation
8. ( ) is not a suprasegmental feature.
A. Aspiration B. Intonation
C. Stress D. Tone
9. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ( ).
A. palatal B. alveolar
C. bilabial D. dental
10. Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957.
A. L. Bloomfield B. F. Saussure
C. N. Chomsky D.M. A. K. Halliday
Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)
11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d _____.
12. M ____ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.
13. Clear [1] and dark[ ]are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c________ distribution.
14. D_________ is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and space.
15. S_________ study of language describes language at some point in time; d_________ study describes language as it changes through time.
16. N_________ transcription transcribes sounds with diacritics, while b_________ transcription does not.
17. A sentence has a hierarchical structure and l_________ structure as well.
18. P_________ is the study of language in use.
19. When different words are pronounced the same but have different forms, they are called ___.
20. Transformational rules do not change the basic __ of sentences.
Ⅲ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false , you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)
21. ( ) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in today’s world that can only be spoken, but not written.
22. ( )The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of the second element, without exception.
23. ( ) “ Beat” and “bit” are not a minimal pair.
24. ( ) In a predication, the argument is said to govern the predicate.
25. ( ) Base refers to the part of the word that remains when all inflectional affixes are removed.
26. ( ) Sentences are strings of words put together in a random order.
27. ( ) Back-formation is a productive way of word-formations.
28. ( ) Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.
29. ( ) The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.
30. ( ) The word “photography” is made up of 4 morphemes.
Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)
41. duality
42. displacement
43. phonology
44. morphology
45. broad transcription
46. allophones
47. context
48. parole
49. diacritics
50. the semantic triangle
Ⅴ. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)
41. Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.
(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.
(2)He saw young men and women present.
(3) The boy saw the man with the telescope.
(4)They were surprised at the president's appointment.
42. Explain the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.
43. State the differences between the sentence meaning and utterance meaning.下载本文