范围:Unit 1-4
题型:1. T or F 10*2’=20’ (Unit 1-4 Post-class Activities 2. )
2. 填空 10*2’=20’ (Unit 1-4 Post-class Activities 1. )
3. 选择题 5*2’=10’
4. 阅读理解 5*2篇*3’=30’
5. 案例分析 2*10’=20’
T or F
Unit 1
1.TCulture can be seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order act appropriately in a given culture.
2.FCulture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process.
3.TCulture mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistake. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while culture mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding.
4.FAll people of the same nationality will have the same culture.
5.TAlthough two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same.
6.FOne’s actions are totally independent of his or her culture.
7.TCommunication and culture are inseparable and strongly connected.
8.FIn intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization.
Unit 2
1.FNorms involve what a culture regards as good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just or unjust, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or in appropriate, and kind or cruel.
2.TSocial practices are the predictable behavior patterns that members of a culture typically follow. There are two types, one is formal, the other is informal.
3.FIn low-context cultures, the verbal message contains most of the information and very little is embedded in the context or the participants. Chinese culture is the typical example.
4.TIndividual cultures such as the United States believe that people are only supported to take care of themselves, and perhaps their immediate families.
5.FCultures with short-term orientation, such as the United States, Great Britain, Canada, and Japan, often do not place a high priority on status, are concerned with short-term results.
6.TIn industrialized societies like the United States, the mastery-over-nature view tends to predominate.
7.FBoth Americans and British show respect for tradition.
8.TIn being-in-becoming orientation, people spend a portion of their lives in mediation and contemplation in an attempt to purify and full advance themselves.
Unit 3
1.FVerbal communication is more important than nonverbal communication.
2.F“Dragon” means the same to the Westerner as “龙” to the Chinese.
3.FThe Chinese phrase “知识分子” has the same meaning as “intellectual”.
4.TA term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language.
5.FThere are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs.
6.TViolating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verbal taboo.
7.TPatterns of thought vary with culture.
8.TBoth English and Chinese have resources to the deductive and the inductive.
Unit 4
1.TSpeaking is just one mode of communication. There are many others.
2.FSome researchers assert that in face-to-face communication, about 65% of information is communicated through speaking, and over 35% is sent by nonverbal means.
3.FLatin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are M-Time cultures.
4.TArabs belong to touch cultures.
5.TIn some cultures, eye contact should be avoided in order to show respect or obedience.
6.The appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures.
7.TParalanguage may imply the connotation of the actual words.
8.FSilence cues can be interpreted as evidence of agreement all over the world.
填空
Unit 1
1.Intercultural communication occurs when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture.
2.Co-culture refers to groups or social communities exhibiting communication characteristics, perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices.
3.Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms, and social practices.
4.Communication is the process through which individuals respond to and create messages to adapt to the environment and one another.
nonverbal language movement multiply revealing tone
limit distinction further remark contact gesture
How do we communicate? The first answer that is likely to come to most people’s minds is through language: we speak, we listen, we read, we write. When we think further, we become increasingly aware that we also communicate in nonverbal ways, through gestures and body movements. The signals given by our “body language” are often more revealing than the words we use . Most of us will have had the experience of someone saying something to us—making a flattering remark, for instance—that we felt we increase. Why did we feel that? Maybe it was the tone in which it was said, or something in the person’s movement or eye contact with us.
When we turn to communication processes across cultures, the complexities and complications multiply. Language is again the obvious example. If you speak only English and the person you try to talk to speaks only Japanese, communication will be limited—though you will, if you both really try, be able to understand each other to some extent by means of gestures. Even with speakers of the same language, problems may be the result of intercultural difference, distinctions that is subgroups with a culture.
Unit 2
uncertainty avoidance, collective, feminine, power distance
1.Individuals from high power distance cultures teach their members that people are not equal in this world and that everybody has a rightful place.
2.High uncertainty avoidance cultures try to avoid ambiguity by providing stability for their members, establishing more formal rules, not tolerating deviant ideas and behaviors.
3.In collective cultures such as those in Indonesia, Pakistan, China and West Africa, people are born into extended families that support and protect theme in exchange for their loyalty.
4.Feminine cultures promote sexual equality and hold that people and the environment are important.
Unit 3
Denotative meaning, Connotative meaning, Deductive reasoning, Inductive reasoning
1.Denotative meaning tend to be described as the definitional, “literal”, “obvious” or “commonsense” meaning of a word.
2.Connotative meaning is used to refer to the socio-cultural and “personal” associations(ideological, emotional, etc.) of the word.
3.In case of Inductive reasoning , one stores a number of specific instances and induces a general law or rule or conclusion that governs or subsumes the specific instances.
4.Deductive reasoning is a movement from a generalization to specific instances: specific subsumed facts are inferred or deduced from a general principle.
Unit 4
Chronemics, Kinesics, Proxemics, Nonverbal communication
1.Nonverbal communication refers to the message sent without using words.
2.Proxemics is the way we use fixed space and personal space.
3.Kinesics includes gestures, body movement, facial expressions, and eye contact.
4.Chronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time.
案例分析
The Chinese woman has taken the American tourist’s given name for the surname, since the order of the surnames of Chinese and English names are just the opposite. As in both cultures a title is usually used with the surname, they feel unnatural when their given names are used with the titles. According to British custom, it’s quite normal for persons who first meet to address each other by their full names and never by their given names alone. The correct form should be Miss. Lucy Webster.
On the other hand, the British tourist thinks that Li Hong’s surname is her husband’s surname, since she is unaware of the fact that in China women still use their own surname after marriage. The correct form should be Ms. Li Hong.
Unit 1
1.Cultural Puzzles
(1) a. No. Ignoring others’ suggestion is impolite and offensive.
b. Yes. When you try something new, it may be difficult at first. After a while, you will get accustomed to it.
c. Yes. You could learn about other’s customs by asking for cultural explanations. You could ask, for example, a teacher: "Would you mind if I use your last name? In my country, it is polite for students to use their teacher’s last name.
(2) A.a. No. Even if this was true, she wouldn't expect a wife to say this about her own husband. To her, the Japanese woman insulted her own husband.
b. No. Even if this was true, she wouldn't expect the Japanese woman to compare their husbands' appearance.
c. Yes. A statement like this about one's spouse in the U.S. would be considered very disrespectful. If an American woman said this about her husband, people might think that they didn't have a good relationship.
B. a. No. This would not be a Japanese way for a wife to say that she didn't like her husband.
b. Yes. In Japan, a person would be considered boastful and not modest enough if he or she complimented his or her family members in front of others. Instead, some Japanese (particularly those who are more traditional) might say something slightly negative just to show that they are being modest and not overly proud.
c. No. See b.
Unit 2
阅读理解Read the following passage, then choose the best answer.
(1) B (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) D
阅读理解Read the following passage, and then answer the questions briefly.
(1) Context refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambience surrounding an event.
(2) No.
(3) They emphasize interpersonal relationships, nonverbal expression, physical setting, and social setting.
(4) Low-context communicators tend to use linear logic. High-context communicators, however, may use spiral logic.
(5) Because it fosters competition and confrontation instead of consensus.
Cultural Puzzle
a.No. This is a rude answer and would discourage the other speaker from continuing talking. It’s possible that the person asking the question does not think it is personal. There are other more polite ways to say that you don’t want to answer a question.
b.Possibly, but the person might ask you the question again. For example, if someone asks you, “What do you think of the government in your country?” A general answer could be, “I think all governments have their problems. Each should deal with their own problems.” But a statement like this is just a response to the question, not a real answer. The person who had asked you the question might ask again.
c.Yes. There are questions that are apparently personal in one culture, but not in another. If you said, “It is hard for me to answer that question because people in my country usually don’t ask it,” people will not feel offended by your not answering the question, and might find it instructive.
Unit 3
阅读理解Read the following passage, and then do the exercises.
(1) D
(2) C
(3) The pronunciation of the final syllable of ‘chairman’ is /m’n/ as in the pronunciation of ‘woman’.
(4) The author argues that the male meaning of ‘man’ is no longer dominant.
(5) The impact is more in formal and/or written language areas (e.g. the media). Ordinary people still tend to use words ending in ‘man’. Therefore in informal language use there has been little or no impact.
(6) Regardless of language structure in any society, non-sexist language use does not mean change will occur if people’s attitudes and behaviors do not change.
阅读理解Read the passage and then decide whether the statements are True or False according to the information given in the passage.
F T F T F
5.
a.No. Sometimes it is better not to correct the person right away, especially if he or she is very busy. Also, if other people are present, the person may be embarrassed to find out he or she pronounced your name incorrectly. However, if the person pronounces your name incorrectly more than once, you should tell him or her.
b.Yes. If you want to be polite and formal, it is best to apologize first, and then say your name correctly.
c.Yes. If the situation is informal, you can just say your name correctly without apologizing.
Unit 4
阅读理解Read the following passage, and then fill in the blanks.
(1) physical of psycho logical distance
(2) individual, social
(3) the objective need or condition
(4) our personal space
(5) a constant but absent-minded look
Cultural Puzzles
a. No. There is no information showing that the Americans did something wrong.
b. No. It’s told that the Japanese were enjoying themselves.
c. Yes. The Japanese culture is very group-oriented. When one person left (and this was probably the leader), the rest felt that they had to leave, even if they didn’t want to. Americans don’t usually arrive or leave in groups, so this behavior seemed strange to them. The Japanese guests were trying to be polite by avoiding staying too long at the party. They didn’t realize that two hours was too short for the Americans and that the Americans might get hurt by the fact that their guests left early.下载本文