一、Multiple-Choice Questions. (Choose the best answer for the following questions)( 20x1%=20%)
( )1. As a result of international trade, specialization in production tends to be:
a. Complete with constant costs—complete with increasing costs
b. Complete with constant costs—incomplete with increasing costs
c. Incomplete with constant costs—complete with increasing costs
d. Incomplete with constant costs—incomplete with increasing costs
( ) 2. Assume that Country A, in the absence of trade, finds itself relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land. The factor endowment theory reasons that with free trade, the internal distribution of national income in Country A will change in favor of:
a. Labor
b. Land
c. Both labor and land
d. Neither labor nor land
( ) 3. Which of the following terms-of-trade concepts is calculated by dividing the change in a country’s export price index by the change in its import price index between two points in time, multiplied by 100 to express the terms of trade in percentages?
a. Commodity terms of trade
b. Marginal rate of transformation
c. Marginal rate of substitution
d. Autarky price ratio
( ) 4. The trading-triangle concept is used to indicate a nation’s:
a. Exports, marginal rate of transformation, terms of trade
b. Imports, terms of trade, marginal rate of transformation
c. Marginal rate of transformation, imports, exports
d. Terms of trade, exports, imports
( )5. Proponents of ________ maintain that government should enact policies that encourage the development of emerging, “sunrise” industries.
a. Product life cycle policy
b. Static comparative advantage policy
c. Intra-industry trade policy
d. Industrial policy
( ) 6. The Leontief paradox provided:
a. Support for the principle of absolute advantage
b. Support for the factor endowment model
c. Evidence against the factor endowment model
d. Evidence against the principle of absolute advantage
( )7. Assume the United States adopts a tariff quota on steel in which the quota is set at 2 million tons, the within-quota tariff rate equals 5 percent, and the over-quota tariff rate equals 10 percent. Suppose the U.S. imports 1 million tons of steel. The resulting revenue effect of the tariff quota would accrue to:
a. The U.S. government only
b. U.S. importing companies only
c. Foreign exporting companies only
d. The U.S. government and either U.S. importers or foreign exporters
( ) 8. According to the principle of comparative advantage, specialization and trade increase a nation’s total output since:
a. Resources are directed to their highest productivity
b. The output of the nation’s trading partner declines
c. The nation can produce outside of its production possibilities curve
d. The problem of unemployment is eliminated
( ) 9. Countervailing duties are intended to neutralize any unfair advantage that foreign exporters might gain over domestic producers because of foreign:
a. Tariffs
b. Subsidies
c. Quotas
d. Buy-national policies
( ) 10. Which type of multinational diversification occurs when the parent firm establishes foreign subsidiaries to produce intermediate goods going into the production of finished goods?
a. Forward vertical integration
b. Backward vertical integration
c. Forward horizontal integration
d. Backward horizontal integration
( ) 11. Hong Kong and South Korea are examples of developing nations that have recently pursued industrialization policies. These countries are using:
a. Import substitution
b. Export promotion
c. Commercial dumping
d. Multilateral contract
( ) 12. Suppose that Canada has domestic firms that could supply its entire market for radios at a price of $50, while U.S. firms could supply radios at $40 and Mexico at $30. Suppose that Canada initially has a 50 percent tariff on imports of radios and then forms a free trade area with the United States. As a result, Canada realizes:
a. Trade creation, no trade diversion, and overall welfare gains
b. Trade creation, no trade diversion, and overall welfare losses
c. Trade diversion, no trade creation, and potential overall welfare losses
d. Trade diversion, trade creation, and potential overall welfare gains
( ) 13. Suppose General Motors charges its Mexican subsidiary $1 million for auto assembly equipment that could be purchased on the open market for $800,000. This practice is best referred to as:
a. International dumping
b. Cost-plus pricing
c. Transfer pricing
d. Technological transfer
( ) 14. Firms undertake multinational operations in order to:
a. Hire low-wage workers
b. Manufacture in nations they have difficulty exporting to
c. Obtain necessary factor inputs
d. All of the above
( ) 15. Which of the following is classified as a credit in the U.S. balance of payments?
a. U.S. exports
b. U.S. gifts to other countries
c. A flow of gold out of the U.S.
d. Foreign loans made by U.S. companies
( ) 16. Reducing a current account deficit requires a country to:
a. Increase the government’s deficit and increase private investment relative to saving
b. Increase the government’s deficit and decrease private investment relative to saving
c Decrease the government’s deficit increase private investment relative to saving
d. Decrease the government’s deficit and decrease private investment relative to saving
( ) 17. The exchange rate is kept the same in all parts of the market by:
a. Forward cover
b. Hedging
c. Exchange speculation
d. Exchange arbitrage
( ) 18. If you have a commitment to pay a friend in Britain 1,000 pounds in 30 days, you could remove the risk of loss due to the appreciation of the pound by:
a. Buying dollars in the forward market for delivery in 30 days
b. Selling dollars in the forward market for delivery in 30 days
c. Buying the pounds in the forward market for delivery in 30 days
d. Selling the pounds in the forward market for delivery in 30 days
( ) 19. Over time, a depreciation in the value of a nation’s currency in the foreign exchange market will result in:
a. Exports rising and imports falling
b. Imports rising and exports falling
c. Both imports and exports rising
d. Both imports and exports falling
( ) 20. Which trade policy results in the government levying a “two-tier” tariff on imported goods?
a. Tariff quota
b. Nominal tariff
c. Effective tariff
d. Revenue tariff
二、Answers to True-False Questions(10x2%=20%)
1. To prevent the market price of tin from rising above the target price, the manager of a buffer stock will purchase excess supplies of tin from the market.
2. During periods of growing demand, a tariff more effectively restricts the volume of imports than an equivalent import quota.
3. If a “large” country levies a tariff on an imported good, its overall welfare increases if the monetary value of the tariff’s consumption effect plus protective effect exceeds the monetary value of the terms-of-trade effect.
4. If the exchange rate is $0.01 per yen in New York and $0.015 per yen in Tokyo, an arbitrager could profit by buying yen in Tokyo and simultaneously sell them in New York.
5. The purpose of a cartel is to support prices higher than would occur under more competitive conditions, thus increasing the profits of cartel members.
6. On the balance-of-payments statement, dividend and interest income are classified as capital-account transactions.
7. Due to transfer-pricing problems, multinational corporations must shift profits away from countries with low corporate tax rates to high tax-rate countries, thus absorbing a larger tax bite.
8. The effect of workers migrating from low-wage Mexico to high-wage United States is to redistribute income from capital to labor in the United States and from labor to capital in Mexico.
9. Assume 1990 to be the base year. If by the end of 2004 a country’s export price index rose from 100 to 125 while its import price index rose from 100 to 125, its terms of trade would equal 100.
10. Because the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage was based only on a nation’s supply conditions, it could only determine the outer limits within which the equilibrium terms of trade would lie. T
三、Answer the following questions in brief.(5x5%=25%)
1.What is the difference between the MRT and MRS?
2. How does the revenue effect of an import quota differ from that of a tariff?
3. You are given the following spot exchange(即期外汇) rates: $1=3marks, $1=4 franks, and 1mark=2 franks. Ignoring transaction costs(交易费用/成本), how much profit could a person make via three-point arbitrage?
4. Why are less developed nations concerned with commodity-price stabilization?
5. What are the components of the current account of the balance of payments?
四、Calculate each of the following questions:(2x10%=20%)
1. Suppose that the production of a $30,000 automobile in Canada requires $10,000 worth of steel. The Canadian nominal tariff rates for importing these goods are 25 percent for automobiles and 10 percent for steel. Given this information, calculate the effective rate of protection for the Canadian automobile industry.
2.Assume an American speculator anticipates that the spot rate of the Swiss franc in 3 month will be higher than today’s 3-month forward rate of the Swiss franc, $0.50=1 franc.(Today’s forward rate)
(1)How can this speculator use $1 million to speculate in the forward market?
(2)What occurs if the franc’s spot rate in 3 months is $0.40? What is the profits or the losses?
五、 Questions and Problems:(1x15%=15%)
It is often said that developing countries have little to gain from economic integration projects among themselves because they trade very little with each other. What is the reasoning behind this view? Do you agree with the conclusion? Explain.下载本文