英语高考“七选五”阅读理解真题详解5
2015全国卷I
【高考真题解题例析】
为了让大家能把上面所提到的解题原则、方法和步骤能运用到具体的解题实践之中，下面以2015年英语高考全国卷I中的“七选五”阅读理解试题的解答为例来说明如何解题。
项目
| 卷别 | 主题语境 | 语篇 类型 | 阅读 总量 | 段落数与文本结构 | 标题 | 小标题 | 选项设置 | |
| 小标题或主旨句 | 细节、过渡衔接与注释句 | |||||||
| 2015全国卷I | 介绍三种帮助人们重建信任的策略（how to） | 说明文 | 235+70=305 | 5 总分结构 | 有 | 无 | 2 | 3 |
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 . Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been suffer from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.
● 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
● 39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
【语篇解读】
| Building Trust in a Relationship Again | 主题 | |
| Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 . Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. | 起 承 | 重要性 承接 |
| Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been suffer from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. | 转1 转2 | 因果 主题 维度 |
| ● 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. ● 39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated (亵渎). ●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. | 步骤1 步骤2 步骤3 | 段落主旨 归纳 段落主旨 归纳 承接 相对 |
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
| G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. |
| Building Trust in a Relationship Again | 主题 | |
| Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 . Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. B. It is putting confidence in someone. | 起 承 | 重要性 承接 |
| Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been suffer from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. | 转1 转2 | 因果 主题 维度 |
| ● 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. A. Learn to really trust yourself. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. ● 39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated (亵渎). ●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. | 步骤1 步骤2 步骤3 | 段落主旨 归纳 段落主旨 归纳 承接 相对 |
B. It is putting confidence in someone. 36
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. 39
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. 37
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 40
【答案解析】
1. 通过快速浏览浏览全文，由文章的题目、每段的首段和文中的项目符号便可知本文的主题是如何重建人际关中的信任，文章可以分为两个部分，第一部分由一、二段组成，用于引入话题及说明为什么要重建人际关中的信任，第二部分由三、四、五段组成，提出了重建人际关中的信任的三个步骤，是一篇介绍方法步骤类的说明文。
2. 通过浏览文章后所给的选项，可以看出七个选项中由三个祈使句和四个陈述句组成，因为本文后三段提出了重建人际间信任的三个步骤，三段中有两个段落首句挖空，大致可以推定这两空考查的是段落的主旨句，选项中的三个祈使句应该与这两空相关，属于主旨类选项，另外的四个选项属于细节类选项。
3. 逐段阅读，确定选项。阅读第一段，可知本段通过说明什么是人际关中的信任及其重要性来引入话题，首句说明了什么是信任，根据词汇衔接可以断定四个细节说明类选项中的B选项应该填入36空，选项中的“it”指代首句中的“trust”，两个句子均采用主系表结构来说明什么是信任，构成并列关系。由第二段中的“Unfortunately”可知本段话锋一转，用来说明人际关中存在不信任的现象，为文章介绍重建人际信任的三个步骤做好过渡和铺垫，由上文可知37空应填入E选项，选项中的“they”指代前一句中的“people”，说明有些人为什么不再信任（别人）是因为他们受到伤害且不希望这样的事情再度发生，与前一句构成因果关系。由第二段中的最后一句和后三段前的项目符可以断定后三段说明重建信任的三个步骤。由38空后的具体说明可知本段主要说明了要信任自己，段中的“having confidence in yourself”所说的就是要信任自己，并且出现了“yourself”一词的重现，从而可以断定此处选用A选项。由39空后说明可以概括出本段的主旨，即不要认为自己是受害者，本段中反复重现“victim”一词为概括主旨提供了依据，所以此处选用C选项。最后一段中40空的前一句说明了要以积极的态度的心态看问题，所以此空应填入G选项，本选项承接上一句说明看待事物的积极方面并不意味着无视所发生的事，也为下一句中进一步说明积极看待事物做好了铺垫和过渡，下句中的 “it”指代选项中的“Seeing the positive side of things”， 并且下一句还重现了“positive”一词。
从上面的解析可以看出，在解题时一定要有篇章观念，依据设空的不同位置，充分利用文章框架结构、段落结构、上下文逻辑关系、词汇衔接和文章中提供的信息来断定每空应填入的正确选项，做到通篇考虑、上下文兼顾。下载本文
