第一章管理与组织
学习导览
一、管理者是谁?
It used to be simply defined that they were the organizational members who told others what to do and how to do it, but it is not quite that simple anymore. A manager is someone who coordinates or oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished. A manager’s job is not about personal achievement, but about helping others do their work. That may mean coordinating the work of a departmental group, or supervising a single person. It could involve coordinating the work of a team composed of people from several different departments or even people outside the organization, such as temporary employees or employees who work for the organization’s suppliers. And managers may have other work duties not related to coordinating the work of others.
解释管理者与非管理的雇员有什么不同?
Nonmanagerial employees are those organizational members who work directly on a job or task and have no one reporting to them.
组织中的管理者如何分类?
In traditionally structured organizations—which are usually said to be shaped like a pyramid because there are more employees at lower organizational levels than at upper organizational levels, managers are often described as first-line, middle, or top, and may have various titles.
(1) First-line manages, the lowest level of management, manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who are typically involved with producing the organization’s products or serving the organization’s customers. They often have the title of supervisor, and are called shift managers, district managers, department managers, office managers, or even foreperson.
(2) Middle managers include all levels of management between the first level and the top level of the organization. These managers manage the work of first-line managers and may have titles such as regional managers, project leader, plant manager, or division manager.
(3) Top managers: managers at or near the upper levels of the organizational structure who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that effect the entire organization. These individuals typically have titles such as executive vice-president, president, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairperson.
二、管理是什么?
Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities can be completed efficiently and effectively.
解释为什么对管理来说效率和效力是重要的。
Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs.—doing the things right, which is, not wasting resources.
Effectiveness is often described as “doing the right things”, that is, doing those work activities that will help the organization reach its goals.
Efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things down, whereas effectiveness is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals.
三、管理者做什么?
管理的四个功能:Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling
Planning: Defining goals, establishing strategy, developing plans to coordinate activities.
Organizing: Determining what needs to be done, how it will be done and who is to do it.
Leading: Motivating, leading and any other activities involved in dealing with people.
Controlling: Monitoring activities to ensure that they are accomplished as planned.
解释Mintzberg的管理角色:
Management Roles refers to the specific categories of managerial behavior. Mintzberg’s management roles are grouped around interpersonal relationships, the transfer of information, and decision making.
1. Interpersonal roles are roles that involve people (subordinates or people outside the organization) and other duties that are ceremonial or symbolic in nature. The three interpersonal roles include figurehead, leader and liaison.
2. Informational roles involve collecting, receiving and disseminating information. The three informational roles are monitor, disseminator and spokesperson.
3. Decisional roles entail making decisions or choices. The four decisional roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.
叙述Katz的三个管理技巧以及这些技巧的重要性根据管理级别是如何改变的
讨论影响管理者工作的改变
解释为什么消费者服务和创新对于管理者的工作是重要的
四、组织是什么?
组织的特征是什么
解释组织的概念是如何改变的
五、为什么要学习管理?
解释管理学概念的普遍性
管理和组织简介
管理者的为难下载本文