〖案例呈现〗
罗马是意大利的首都，也是一个充满传奇色彩的色彩城市，每年吸引着世界各地的大批
注意：1.词数：120左右
2.不要逐条翻译，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
〖写作指导〗
1.审题与定调
本文属于介绍城市的说明文。介绍城市的说明文一般介绍其他位置、面积、人口、经济地位、历史、文化、交通自然资源及人文景观等，同时要突出城市特色进行描写，不要面面俱到。组织这样的文章要注意安排说明的顺序，使文章错落有致。短文以第三人称，一般现在时态为主。
2.确定主题内容
该短文根据表格提示要点，应从地理位置、人口、面积、历史、功能、景点入手介绍罗马基本情况。
3.审定篇章结构
第一段：交代罗马的地理位置、面积、历史、人口等情况。
第二段：突出罗马特色描写，如城市功能、城市的历史地位、历史景点等。
第三段：简单评论总结全文。
4.常用表达（useful expressions）
?描述位置（location）及周边环境（surroundings）
*...is in/on/to the west/north/south of...
* ...lies/is located/situated near/behind/in front of/by the side of/among...
*standing on the top of the mountain,...has experienced many changes.
*in the west of the city stands...
*surrounded by mountains on three sides,...faces...in the east
*built on seven hills, it looks like ...
?描述人口（population）及面积（area）
*...has a population of...
*...is a...city,with a population of...
*...covers an area of...
*it is an ancient city, with an area of...
*...is...meters long and...meters wide
?描述历史遗迹（historic relics）及名胜（places of interest）
*...has a history of over...years
*...is the capital of...with a long history
*...be famous/well-known for...
*there are many places of interest, such as...
*...is the biggest city, which has many places of interest/historical sites
④描述其他（weather,transportation,industry,agriculture,natural resources...）
*it is warm in winter and cool in summer.
*the transportation is convenient.
*it is the center of heavy/light industry.
*the region is rich in natural resources.
*it is the center of culture,education,business and trade.
〖范文赏析〗
rome, the capital of italy, is located in the middle of italy, with a history of over 2,500 years. it covers an area of about 1,500 square kilometers and has a population of about 3 million . built on seven hills, it is the largest and most populated city in italy.
rome now serves as italy’s political, historical and cultural center. besides, as the birthplace of the roman empire, it is like a large open-air museum with so many world-famous places of interest, such as pantheon and the colosseum that tourists won’t want to leave this city. also,it is a city that has a lot of mysteries and wonderful history, which is the reason why it is known as the eternal city.
rome is really a great and attractive city.
〖佳作仿写〗
假如你是家住绵阳的李华。你的美国笔友（mike）来信询问你家乡的情况。请你根据以下提示给他写一封回信。开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。内容包含如下：
1.位置：川西北北部，距成都大约120公里。
2.简介：历史悠久、风景优美，有“科技城”的美称。面积大约20，000平方公里(square kilometers),人口500多万。
3.在过去的20多年里，绵阳发生了巨大变化。尤其是汶川地震后，许多县城面貌焕然一新。绵阳过去是一座小城市，但现在已经发展成为一座现代化大城市。绵阳人民目前正过着幸福、富裕的生活。
要求：1.词数100-120左右
2.要点齐全，可适当增加细节使行文更加连贯
参考词汇：科技城 a city of science and technology
dear mike, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
如何写有关交通问题及改善措施的短文
有关交通问题及改善措施的短文属于说明文，针对某一问题，提出具体的解决方法，并进行适当的论述。说明文有以下的特点：
第一, 内容上的科学性。说明文的内容必须真实，以确凿的材料为依据，如实反映客观事物的特征，本质及规律，具有严密的科学性。
第二，结构上的条理性。事物和事理有时往往比较复杂，为了给读者以明确的认识，说明其特征时必须有一定的调理和顺序。
第三， 语言的准确性。说明文的实用性很强，语言表达“失之毫厘”，其结果就会“谬之千里”，所以说明文的语言要求准确无误，以给读者科学的认识。
〖写作指导〗
下面我们以how to solve the problem of heavy traffic为例，来看看如何写好说明文。
1.点明问题，明确要解决的问题是什么。对于交通堵塞，关键三点：道路、车辆、行人，不妨从这三点着手。
2.提出尽可能可行的办法。针对以上三点提出解决方案：建更多、更宽的道路，开通更多的交通线路；减少私家车的使用，多乘坐公共交通工具，提倡步行或骑自行车；遵守交通规则，不乱穿马路。
3.提出解决方案后进行总结。第一个方案降低街道拥堵程度，缺点占地过多；第二个方案优点是大大减少了废气的排放，既可减少污染，又能锻炼身体，但给一些人的出行带来不便；最后一个方案是人们的意识问题，这一点也很关键。
〖常用表达〗
to start with,... the second reason is...
the last but not least reason...
first of all,... secondly,... thirdly,...
in my opinion, the best way to solve the problem is...
my tips are as follows:...
the reason for... can be listed as follows
〖范文赏析〗
how to solve the problem of heavy problem
almost every city has a big traffic problem.
to start with, a vast population leads to heavy traffic. the second reason is the increasing number of vehicles, especially private cars. the last but not least reason is that some people are not aware of the importance of obeying traffic rules.
to deal with this, sone people suggest that more roads should be built in order to speed up the flow of the traffic, and others insist that more bus routes are required in order to limit the number of private cars. but building more roads takes up too much land, and limiting the number of private cars is inconvenient for some people.
therefore,i think the best way is to walk if we can. and as for pedestrians, we should also have a sense of safety. don’t cross the road when the lights are red.
〖佳作仿写〗
随着绵阳城市的发展，人们的生活越来越幸福。但的城市交通拥挤问题越来越来受到市民的关注。作为一名高中生的你，也提出了自己的看法。请以此为话题写一篇英语文章来试着解决绵阳的交通问题，内容包含如下：
1.随着绵阳经济的发展，市区的人口越来越多，并且许多家庭都拥有了私家车，给交通带来了压力。
2.为缓解交通压力，可以增建、拓宽道路。
3.应该鼓励人们在交通高峰期出行搭公交和骑自行车，这也减少了空气污染。
4.行人应该遵守交通规则，减少交通堵塞的潜在因素。
要求：1.字数 100-120字 2.请工整书写，必要时可增加细节是行文更流畅。
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