转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/guoyjoe/article/details/31018075 @@@@@@@利用BBED模拟损坏5文件1号块（文件头） BBED copy file 4 block 4 to file 5 block 1 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 19 Dba:0x01

转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/guoyjoe/article/details/31018075

@@@@@@@利用BBED模拟损坏5文件1号块（文件头）

BBED> copy file 4 block 4 to file 5 block 1
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 19 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1ea20000 04000001 1a4b0000 00000104 99810000 

 <32 bytes per line>

sys@PROD> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
sys@PROD> starup
SP2-0042: unknown command "starup" - rest of line ignored.
sys@PROD> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 939495424 bytes
Fixed Size 2233960 bytes
Variable Size 251660696 bytes
Database Buffers 679477248 bytes
Redo Buffers 6123520 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf'
ORA-01210: data file header is media corrupt

BBED开始恢复

1、找个文件头覆盖

BBED> copy file 4 block 1 to file 5 block 1
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 19 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 0ba20000 01000001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> set file 5 block 1
 FILE# 5
 BLOCK# 1

（1）改块的地址5文件1号块，rdba_kcbh

BBED> p kcvfhbfh
struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0 
 ub1 type_kcbh @0 0x0b
 ub1 frmt_kcbh @1 0xa2
 ub1 spare1_kcbh @2 0x00
 ub1 spare2_kcbh @3 0x00
 ub4 rdba_kcbh @4 0x01000001
 ub4 bas_kcbh @8 0x00000000
 ub2 wrp_kcbh @12 0x0000
 ub1 seq_kcbh @14 0x01
 ub1 flg_kcbh @15 0x04 (KCBHFCKV)
 ub2 chkval_kcbh @16 0xbced
 ub2 spare3_kcbh @18 0x0000

BBED> d /v offset 4
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 23 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 01000001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 l ............í?..
 00000000 
BBED> m /x 01004001 offset 4
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 23 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 01004001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 00000000 

(2)文件的大小kccfhfsz

BBED> p kcvfhhdr
struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20 
 ub4 kccfhswv @20 0x00000000
 ub4 kccfhcvn @24 0x0b200000
 ub4 kccfhdbi @28 0x0f302c3e
 text kccfhdbn[0] @32 P
 text kccfhdbn[1] @33 R
 text kccfhdbn[2] @34 O
 text kccfhdbn[3] @35 D
 text kccfhdbn[4] @36 
 text kccfhdbn[5] @37 
 text kccfhdbn[6] @38 
 text kccfhdbn[7] @39 
 ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x00000d3d
 ub4 kccfhfsz @44 0x00003200
 s_blkz kccfhbsz @48 0x00
 ub2 kccfhfno @52 0x0004
 ub2 kccfhtyp @54 0x0003
 ub4 kccfhacid @56 0x00000000
 ub4 kccfhcks @60 0x00000000
 text kccfhtag[0] @ 
 .................... 
sys@PROD> select name from v$dbfile where file#=5;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf

[oracle@jfdb PROD]$ ls -lFtr |grep tp01
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 524296192 Jun 8 18:58 tp01.dbf

sys@PROD> select 524296192/8192 from dual;

524296192/8192
--------------
 001

BBED> d /v offset 44
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 44 to 63 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 00320000 00200000 04000300 00000000 l .2... ..........
 00000000 
BBED> m /x 00fa0000 44
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 44 to 63 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 00fa0000 00200000 04000300 00000000 00000000 

(3)修改文件号（4--->5）

ub2 kccfhfno @52 0x0004

BBED> d /v offset 52
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 71 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 04000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 

BBED> m /x 05 offset 52
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 71 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 05000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

(4)修改文件创建时SCN

BBED> p kcvfhcrs
struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100 
 ub4 kscnbas @100 0x00004b14
 ub2 kscnwrp @104 0x0000


sys@PROD> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE# from v$datafile where file#=5;

 FILE# CREATION_CHANGE#
---------- ----------------
 5 363921

sys@PROD> select to_char('363921','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_CHAR('36392
--------------
 58d91 ===（倒：918d0500）==》00058d91

BBED> d /v offset 100
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 144b0000 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 l .K......0?>2¤.￥2
 ec4f1900


BBED> m /x 918d offset 100
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 918d0000 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 ec4f1900 

BBED> m /x 0500 offset 102
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 102 to 121 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 05000000 000030cf 3e32a41d a532ec4f 19000000 

BBED> d /v offset 100
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 918d0500 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 l ........0?>2¤.￥2
 ec4f1900

(5)修改文件创建时间

ub4 kcvfhcrt @108 0x323ecf30
BBED> p kcvfhcrt
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108 0x323ecf30

sys@PROD> select file#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') createTime,
 2 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600+
 3 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600+
 4 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'dd')-1)*24*3600+
 5 to_char(CREATION_TIME,'hh24')*3600+
 6 to_char(CREATION_TIME,'mi')*60+
 7 to_char(CREATION_TIME,'ss') createTimeSCN
 8 from v$datafile WHERE file# in(4,5);

 FILE# CREATETIME CREATETIMESCN
---------- ------------------- -------------
 4 2014-03-23 16:17:52 842977072
 5 2014-03-29 10:32:22 843474742


sys@PROD> select '4' file#, to_char('842977072','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

F TO_CHAR('842977
- ---------------
4 323ecf30 ===>倒：30cf3e32


sys@PROD> select '5' file#,to_char('843474742','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

sys@PROD> select '5' file#,to_char('843474742','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

F TO_CHAR('843474
- ---------------
5 32466736 ==》36674632

BBED> d /v offset 108
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 108 to 127 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 30cf3e32 a41da532 ec4f1900 00000000 l 0?>2¤.￥2ìO......
 d713a532

BBED> m /x 36674632 offset 108
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 108 to 127 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 36674632 a41da532 ec4f1900 00000000 d713a532 

sword kcvfhtsn @332 4

sys@PROD> select file#,TS# from v$datafile where file# in(4,5);

 FILE# TS#
---------- ----------
 4 4
 5 5

BBED> d /v offset 332
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 332 to 351 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 04000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 l ......USERS.....
 00000000 l ....

 <16 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 05 offset 332
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 332 to 351 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 05000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 00000000 

ub4 kcvfhrfn @368 0x00000004

BBED> d /v offset 368
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 368 to 387 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 04000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 l ....

 <16 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 05 offset 368
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 368 to 387 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 05000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

BBED> p kcvfhtnm
text kcvfhtnm[0] @338 U
text kcvfhtnm[1] @339 S
text kcvfhtnm[2] @340 E
text kcvfhtnm[3] @341 R
text kcvfhtnm[4] @342 S
text kcvfhtnm[5] @343 
text kcvfhtnm[6] @344 
text kcvfhtnm[7] @345 
text kcvfhtnm[8] @346 
text kcvfhtnm[9] @347 
text kcvfhtnm[10] @348 
text kcvfhtnm[11] @349 
text kcvfhtnm[12] @350 

sys@PROD> select file#,TS# from v$datafile where file# in(4,5);

 FILE# TS#
---------- ----------
 4 4
 5 5

sys@PROD> select TS#,NAME from v$tablespace where ts# in(4,5);

 TS# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
 4 USERS
 5 TP1

BBED> d /v offset 338
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 55534552 53000000 00000000 00000000 l USERS...........
 00000000

sys@PROD> select dump('USERS',16) from dual;

DUMP('USERS',16)
----------------------------
Typ=96 Len=5: 55,53,45,52,53


sys@PROD> select dump('TP1',16) from dual;

DUMP('TP1',16)
----------------------
Typ=96 Len=3: 54,50,31

BBED> m /x 54503100 offset 338
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 54503100 53000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 00 offset 342
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 342 to 361 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> d /v offset 338
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 54503100 00000000 00000000 00000000 l TP1.............
 00000000 

ub2 kcvfhtln @336 0x0005

BBED> d /v offset 336
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 336 to 355 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 05005450 31000000 00000000 00000000 l ..TP1...........
 00000000 l ....

 <16 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 03 offset 336
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 336 to 355 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 03005450 31000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 <32 bytes per line>

(10)检查点

BBED> p kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484 
 struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484 
 ub4 kscnbas @484 0x0019b1a1 --->1683873
 ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000
 ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x32a59921 -->849713441
 ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001
 union u, 12 bytes @500 
 struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500 
 ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x00000002
 ub4 kcrbabno @504 0x000002e0
 ub2 kcrbabof @508 0x0010
 ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02
 ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00
 ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00
 ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00
 ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00
 ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00
 ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00
 ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00

sys@PROD> select file#,rfile#,CREATION_TIME,checkpoint_change#,unrecoverable_change#,offline_change# from v$datafile;

 FILE# RFILE# CREATION_ CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# OFFLINE_CHANGE#
---------- ---------- --------- ------------------ --------------------- ---------------
 1 1 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859
 2 2 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859
 3 3 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859
 4 4 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859
 5 5 29-MAR-14 1684251 0 1658859

sys@PROD> select to_number('19b1a1','xxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_NUMBER('19B1A1','XXXXXXXXXXXX')
----------------------------------
 1683873
sys@PROD> select to_number('32a59921','xxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_NUMBER('32A59921','XXXXXXXXXXXX')
------------------------------------
 849713441
sys@PROD> select file#,to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') createTime,
 2 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600+
 3 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600+
 4 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'dd')-1)*24*3600+
 5 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'hh24')*3600+
 6 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mi')*60+
 7 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'ss') createTimeSCN
 8 from v$datafile WHERE file# in(4,5);


 FILE# CREATETIME CREATETIMESCN
---------- ------------------- -------------
 4 2014-06-08 15:30:41 849713441
 5 2014-06-08 15:38:33 849713913

sys@PROD> sys@PROD> select to_char('1684251','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_CHAR('1684251
----------------
 19b31b ====>真正5号文件的检查点SCN

sys@PROD> select to_char('849713913','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_CHAR('8497139
----------------
 32a59af9 ====>真正5号文件的检查点时间

ub4 kscnbas @484 0x0019b1a1 ====>真正5号文件的检查点SCN 19b31b (倒：1bb319)
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x32a59921 ====>真正5号文件的检查点时间32a59af9（倒：f99aa532）

BBED> d /v offset 484
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 503 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 a1b11900 00000000 2199a532 01000000 l ?±......!.￥2....
 02000000 

BBED> m /x 1bb319 offset 484
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 503 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1bb31900 00000000 2199a532 01000000 02000000 

BBED> d /v offset 492
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 511 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 2199a532 01000000 02000000 e0020000 l !.￥2........à...
 10007261 

BBED> m /x f99a offset 492
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 511 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 f99aa532 01000000 02000000 e0020000 10007261 

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 1:
current = 0x4a10, required = 0x4a10

BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
BLOCK = 1


DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Blocks Influx : 0
Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

######################检查物理坏块

[oracle@jfdb PROD]$ dbv file=tp01.dbf start=1 end=2

DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Jun 8 21:48:37 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf


DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Pages Examined : 2
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 2
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 0
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Pages Influx : 0
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1687542 (0.1687542)

############打开数据库报错

sys@PROD> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
sys@PROD> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 939495424 bytes
Fixed Size 2233960 bytes
Variable Size 251660696 bytes
Database Buffers 679477248 bytes
Redo Buffers 6123520 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf'
ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file - old control file

###########怀疑检查点计数器，这里我先用BBED（方法1重建控制文件，方法2利用BBED修改计算器）

ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x00000102

idle> alter session set events 'immediate trace name controlf level 8';

Session altered.

DATA FILE #5: 
 name #4: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
creation size=0 block size=8192 status=0xe head=4 tail=4 dup=1
 tablespace 5, index=5 krfil=5 prev_file=0
 unrecoverable scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00
 Checkpoint cnt:226 scn: 0x0000.0019b31b 06/08/2014 15:38:33
 Stop scn: 0xffff.ffffffff 06/08/2014 07:44:07
 Creation Checkpointed at scn: 0x0000.00058d91 03/29/2014 10:32:22
 thread:0 rba:(0x0.0.0)

sys@PROD> select to_char('226','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_CHAR('226',
--------------
 e2

sys@PROD> select to_char('225','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_CHAR('225',
--------------
 e1

BBED> d /v offset 140
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 159 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 02010000 8bc6a532 01010000 b24f1900 l .....?￥2....2O..
 00000000 

BBED> m /x e200 offset 140
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 159 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 e2000000 8bc6a532 01010000 b24f1900 00000000 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> d /v offset 148
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 167 Dba:0x01400001
-------------------------------------------------------
 01010000 b24f1900 00000000 d713a532 l ....2O......×.￥2
 01000000 l ....

 <16 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x e100 offset 148
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 167 Dba:0x01400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 e1000000 b24f1900 00000000 d713a532 01000000 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 1:
current = 0x4a10, required = 0x4a10

BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
BLOCK = 1


DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Blocks Influx : 0
Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

##########再次打开库，OK!

sys@PROD> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED

sys@PROD> alter database open;

Database altered.

###############################修改数据文件头的注意点：
1、修改数据的DBA,rdba_kcbh

2、修改文件的大小，kccfhfsz

3、修改文件号，kccfhfno

4、修改文件创建时SCN，kcvfhcrs

5、修改文件创建时间，kcvfhcrt

6、修改表空间号，kcvfhtsn

7、修改相对文件号，kcvfhrfn

8、修改表空间的名称， kcvfhtnm

9、修改表空间的长度，kcvfhtln

10、修改检查点的SCN，kcvfhckp

11、修改检查点的时间，kcvcptim

12、修改检查点的计数器，kcvfhcpc

13、修改检查点的控制文件备份的计数器， kcvfhccc

14、如果你修改是1号文件的1号块他的root rdba的地针是指向了bootstrap$