1.安装mysql5.6

docker run mysql:5.6

等所有项目都是Download complet 安装完毕

5.6: Pulling from library/mysql
10a267c67f42: Pull complete 
c2dcc7bb2a88: Pull complete 
17e7a0445698: Pull complete 
9a61839a176f: Pull complete 
d4657fda01d9: Pull complete 
c5278a445e5d: Pull complete 
197c0b76f238: Pull complete 
f54c5432bac4: Pull complete 
c26b15abee8a: Pull complete 
80dbe6022c18: Pull complete 
435678c09612: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:84372107beb1de34bd4673049ea61bc35f374a2b4f19fd5a3abd4d0a2a50b715
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.6
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 
 You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD

2.使用本地账号创建一个文件夹用来映射docker中mysql的配置文件

其中继续创建conf、data、logs 3个文件夹

我的配置如下

val@val-linux:~/docker/mysql1$ pwd
/home/val/docker/mysql1
val@val-linux:~/docker/mysql1$ ls
conf data logs

3.创建mysql容器

切换到root账号进入到刚才创建的mysql1文件夹中

root@val-linux:/home/val# cd /home/val/docker/mysql1/
root@val-linux:/home/val/docker/mysql1#

创建并启动容器

docker run -p 33061:3306 --name mysql1 -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql -v $PWD/logs:/logs -v $PWD/data:/mysql_data -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.61
用本地33061端口映射docker的3306端口 
给容器命名mysql1 
用本地/home/val/docker/mysql1/conf映射mysql的conf 
用本地/home/val/docker/mysql1/logs映射mysql的logs 
用本地/home/val/docker/mysql1/data映射mysql的mysql_data

给root设置密码123456

4.启动mysql容器

docker start mysql11

5.进入mysql的bash

docker exec -it mysql1 env LANG=C.UTF-8 bash

其中 env LANG=C.UTF-8 bash 让docker命令行支持中文

6.复制配置文件

cp /usr/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

7.登录mysql

mysql -u root -p

输入密码进入

8.查看mysql编码

mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

发现不是utf-8编码

9.修改mysql编码

退出mysql，退出docker

mysql> exit
Bye
root@8b83a30acbf8:/# exit
exit
root@val-linux:/home/val/docker/mysql1#

修改my.cnf配置文件

root@val-linux:/home/val/docker/mysql1# vim conf/my.cnf

按i进入编辑模式

加入

[client] default-character-set=utf8 
[mysql] default-character-set=utf8 
[mysqld] character-set-server=utf8 1
esc :wq! 保存退出

10.重启docker的mysql再次查看编码

root@val-linux:/home/val/docker/mysql1# docker stop mysql1
mysql1
root@val-linux:/home/val/docker/mysql1# docker start mysql1
mysql1
root@val-linux:/home/val/docker/mysql1# docker exec -it mysql1 env LANG=C.UTF-8 bash
root@8b83a30acbf8:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

11.创建数据库

mysql> create database rise;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) 
mysql> use rise;
Database changed

12.创建用户并授权

mysql> grant all privileges on rise.* to val@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

%表示任意IP（可以指定IP）、val是用户名、123456是密码