在给一个朋友数据库恢复的过程中语句该库大量删除表空间,然后创建表空,由于在创建控制文件的时候,列出来不正确文件,导致出现v$datafile_header.error出现WRONG FILE CREATE错误.通过试验重现了该错误,并且进一步测试如果真的需要历史数据文件,该如何狸猫换太

在给一个朋友数据库恢复的过程中语句该库大量删除表空间,然后创建表空,由于在创建控制文件的时候,列出来不正确文件,导致出现v$datafile_header.error出现WRONG FILE CREATE错误.通过试验重现了该错误,并且进一步测试如果真的需要历史数据文件,该如何狸猫换太子(本实验为了进一步理解数据文件创建scn相关信息)
创建xifenfei表空间,然后删除表空间,但不删除数据文件,然后创建重名表空间

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') today,'www.xifenfei.com' xifenfei from dual;
TODAY XIFENFEI
------------------- ----------------
2014-07-16 15:54:26 www.xifenfei.com
SQL> create tablespace xifenfei datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/xifenfei_old.dbf' size 10m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
 FILE# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/xifenfei_old.dbf
SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') CREATION_TIME from v$datafile;
 FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CREATION_TIME
---------- ---------------- -------------------
 1 18 2014-07-14 21:53:05
 2 2338 2014-07-14 21:53:42
 3 3130 2014-07-14 21:53:51
 4 15268 2014-07-14 21:54:25
 5 593520 2014-07-16 16:00:54
SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') CREATION_TIME from v$datafile_header;
 FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CREATION_TIME
---------- ---------------- -------------------
 1 18 2014-07-14 21:53:05
 2 2338 2014-07-14 21:53:42
 3 3130 2014-07-14 21:53:51
 4 15268 2014-07-14 21:54:25
 5 593520 2014-07-16 16:00:54
SQL> drop tablespace xifenfei;
Tablespace dropped.
SQL> create tablespace xifenfei datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/xifenfei_new.dbf' size 10m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') CREATION_TIME from v$datafile;
 FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CREATION_TIME
---------- ---------------- -------------------
 1 18 2014-07-14 21:53:05
 2 2338 2014-07-14 21:53:42
 3 3130 2014-07-14 21:53:51
 4 15268 2014-07-14 21:54:25
 5 593613 2014-07-16 16:02:45
SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') CREATION_TIME from v$datafile_header;
 FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CREATION_TIME
---------- ---------------- -------------------
 1 18 2014-07-14 21:53:05
 2 2338 2014-07-14 21:53:42
 3 3130 2014-07-14 21:53:51
 4 15268 2014-07-14 21:54:25
 5 593613 2014-07-16 16:02:45

rename xifenfei表空间数据文件到老数据文件

SQL> alter database datafile 5 offline drop;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/xifenfei_new.dbf'
 2 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/xifenfei_old.dbf'; 
Database altered.
SQL> alter database datafile 5 online;
alter database datafile 5 online
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/xifenfei_old.dbf'
ORA-01203: wrong incarnation of this file - wrong creation SCN
SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') CREATION_TIME from v$datafile;
 FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CREATION_TIME
---------- ---------------- -------------------
 1 18 2014-07-14 21:53:05
 2 2338 2014-07-14 21:53:42
 3 3130 2014-07-14 21:53:51
 4 15268 2014-07-14 21:54:25
 5 593613 2014-07-16 16:02:45
SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') CREATION_TIME from v$datafile_header;
 FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CREATION_TIME
---------- ---------------- -------------------
 1 18 2014-07-14 21:53:05
 2 2338 2014-07-14 21:53:42
 3 3130 2014-07-14 21:53:51
 4 15268 2014-07-14 21:54:25
 5 593520 2014-07-16 16:00:54
SQL> select file#,error from v$datafile_header;
 FILE# ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5 WRONG FILE CREATE

至此今天数据库恢复的故障已经模拟出来,就是因为数据文件头的scn和控制文件中scn不一致,从而出现了v$datafile_header.error报WRONG FILE CREATE的现象.

因为控制文件中数据文件scn和数据文件头scn不一致,因此通过重建控制文件来实现两者scn一致

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/tmp/ctl';
Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 718225408 bytes
Fixed Size 2292432 bytes
Variable Size 373294384 bytes
Database Buffers 339738624 bytes
Redo Buffers 29968 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
 2 MAXLOGFILES 16
 3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
 4 MAXDATAFILES 100
 5 MAXINSTANCES 8
 6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292
 7 LOGFILE
 8 GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
 9 GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
 10 GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
 11 DATAFILE
 12 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf',
 13 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf',
 14 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf',
 15 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf',
 16 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/xifenfei_old.dbf'
 17 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
 18 ;
Control file created.
SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') CREATION_TIME from v$datafile_header;
 FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CREATION_TIME
---------- ---------------- -------------------
 1 18 2014-07-14 21:53:05
 2 2338 2014-07-14 21:53:42
 3 3130 2014-07-14 21:53:51
 4 15268 2014-07-14 21:54:25
 5 593520 2014-07-16 16:00:54
SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') CREATION_TIME from v$datafile;
 FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CREATION_TIME
---------- ---------------- -------------------
 1 18 2014-07-14 21:53:05
 2 2338 2014-07-14 21:53:42
 3 3130 2014-07-14 21:53:51
 4 15268 2014-07-14 21:54:25
 5 593520 2014-07-16 16:00:54
SQL> select file#,error from v$datafile_header;
 FILE# ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5

通过重建控制文件消除了v$datafile_header.error报WRONG FILE CREATE错误,继续尝试online文件

SQL> recover datafile 5;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database datafile 5 online;
Database altered.
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
 FILE# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/xifenfei_old.dbf
SQL> alter database open;
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-01177: data file does not match dictionary - probably old incarnation
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/xifenfei_old.dbf'
Process ID: 7437
Session ID: 7 Serial number: 5

出现这个错误,是由于数据库中,还有file$中也记录了数据文件创建scn,而这个scn现在和数据文件头和控制文件中的scn不相等,因此无法启动数据库成功.现在需要做的就是在数据库未启动状态下修改file$中的数据文件创建scn相关值,让其和数据文件头(控制文件中记录)一致

使用第三方工具定位file$记录

1|2|600|0|1|4194302|1280|0|18||4194306|0x004000e9|0
2|2|70400|1|2|4194302|1280|0|2338||8388610|0x004000e9|1
3|2|25600|2|3|4194302|0|0|3130||12582914|0x004000e9|2
4|2|0|4|4|4194302|160|0|15268||16777218|0x004000e9|3
5|2|1280|7|5|0|0|0|593613||20971522|0x004000e9|4 
6|1|3840|||0|0|0|586295||25165826|0x004000e9|5
7|1|3840|||3932160|1280|0|587030||29360130|0x004000e9|6
对应file$结构确定每列含义,以及确定需要修改的列
每行倒数第二列为rdba地址,可以通过转换为file and block,这里对应的就是file 1 block 233
每行最后一列为该条记录在该rdba中的记录顺序

使用工具修改593613为593520,使得file$中的scn与现在控制文件和数据文件头一致,具体参考bbed修改数据内容

修改好file$中数据文件创建scn后,尝试继续操作

SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 5 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/xifenfei_old.dbf'
SQL> recover datafile 5;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
 FILE# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/xifenfei_old.dbf

通过这里的简单测试,发现几个问题
1.v$datafile_header.error报WRONG FILE CREATE错误 不一定就是数据文件异常,而其本质是数据文件头scn和控制文件中scn不一致
2.数据文件online需要file$,v$datafile_header,v$datafile中关于数据文件创建scn都一致
3.通过该分析,证明在一些极端情况下,考虑考虑该替换思路实现删除数据文件重新加入数据库

原文地址：数据文件的三个创建SCN一点点探讨, 感谢原作者分享。