Python使用SMTP发送邮件.

SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则，由它来控制信件的中转方式。

python的smtplib提供了一种很方便的途径发送电子邮件。它对smtp协议进行了简单的封装。

Python创建 SMTP 对象语法如下：

import smtplib
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )

参数说明：

Python SMTP对象使用sendmail方法发送邮件，语法如下：

SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]

from_addr: 邮件发送者地址。

to_addrs: 字符串列表，邮件发送地址。

msg: 发送消息

这里要注意一下第三个参数，msg是字符串，表示邮件。我们知道邮件一般由标题，发信人，收件人，邮件内容，附件等构成，发送邮件的时候，要注意msg的格式。这个格式就是smtp协议中定义的格式。

实例

以下是一个使用Python发送邮件简单的实例：

#!/usr/bin/pythonimport smtplib

sender = 'from@fromdomain.com'receivers = ['to@todomain.com']message = """From: From Person <from@fromdomain.com>
To: To Person <to@todomain.com>
Subject: SMTP e-mail test

This is a test e-mail message.
"""try:
 smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
 smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message) 
 print "Successfully sent email"except SMTPException:
 print "Error: unable to send email"

使用Python发送HTML格式的邮件

Python发送HTML格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下：

import smtplib 
from email.mime.text import MIMEText mailto_list=["YYY@YYY.com"] mail_host="smtp.XXX.com" #设置服务器mail_user="XXX" #用户名mail_pass="XXXX" #口令 mail_postfix="XXX.com" #发件箱的后缀
 def send_mail(to_list,sub,content): #to_list：收件人；sub：主题；content：邮件内容
 me="hello"+"<"+mail_user+"@"+mail_postfix+">" #这里的hello可以任意设置，收到信后，将按照设置显示
 msg = MIMEText(content,_subtype='html',_charset='gb2312') #创建一个实例，这里设置为html格式邮件
 msg['Subject'] = sub #设置主题
 msg['From'] = me 
 msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) 
 try: 
 s = smtplib.SMTP() 
 s.connect(mail_host) #连接smtp服务器
 s.login(mail_user,mail_pass) #登陆服务器
 s.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) #发送邮件
 s.close() 
 return True 
 except Exception, e: 
 print str(e) 
 return False if __name__ == '__main__': 
 if send_mail(mailto_list,"hello","<a href='http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi'>小五义</a>"): 
 print "发送成功" 
 else: 
 print "发送失败"

或者你也可以在消息体中指定Content-type为text/html,如下实例:

#!/usr/bin/pythonimport smtplib

message = """From: From Person <from@fromdomain.com>
To: To Person <to@todomain.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/html
Subject: SMTP HTML e-mail test

This is an e-mail message to be sent in HTML format

<b>This is HTML message.</b>
<h1>This is headline.</h1>
"""try:
 smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
 smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message) 
 print "Successfully sent email"except SMTPException:
 print "Error: unable to send email"

Python发送带附件的邮件

发送带附件的邮件，首先要创建MIMEMultipart()实例，然后构造附件，如果有多个附件，可依次构造，最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。

from email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartimport smtplib#创建一个带附件的实例msg = MIMEMultipart()#构造附件1att1 = MIMEText(open('d:\123.rar', 'rb').read(), 'base', 'gb2312')att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.doc"'#这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字msg.attach(att1)#构造附件2att2 = MIMEText(open('d:\123.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base', 'gb2312')att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.txt"'msg.attach(att2)#加邮件头msg['to'] = 'YYY@YYY.com'msg['from'] = 'XXX@XXX.com'msg['subject'] = 'hello world'#发送邮件try:
 server = smtplib.SMTP()
 server.connect('smtp.XXX.com')
 server.login('XXX','XXXXX')#XXX为用户名，XXXXX为密码
 server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'],msg.as_string())
 server.quit()
 print '发送成功'except Exception, e: 
 print str(e)

以下实例指定了Content-type header 为 multipart/mixed，并发送/tmp/test.txt 文本文件：

#!/usr/bin/pythonimport smtplibimport base

filename = "/tmp/test.txt"# 读取文件内容并使用 base 编码fo = open(filename, "rb")filecontent = fo.read()encodedcontent = base.bencode(filecontent) # basesender = 'webmaster@tutorialpoint.com'reciever = 'amrood.admin@gmail.com'marker = "AUNIQUEMARKER"body ="""
This is a test email to send an attachement.
"""# 定义头部信息part1 = """From: From Person <me@fromdomain.net>
To: To Person <amrood.admin@gmail.com>
Subject: Sending Attachement
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=%s
--%s
""" % (marker, marker)# 定义消息动作part2 = """Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding:8bit

%s
--%s
""" % (body,marker)# 定义附近部分part3 = """Content-Type: multipart/mixed; name="%s"
Content-Transfer-Encoding:base
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=%s

%s
--%s--
""" %(filename, filename, encodedcontent, marker)message = part1 + part2 + part3try:
 smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
 smtpObj.sendmail(sender, reciever, message)
 print "Successfully sent email"except Exception:
 print "Error: unable to send email"

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