验证码？我也能破解？

关于验证码的介绍就不多说了，各种各样的验证码在人们生活中时不时就会冒出来，身为学生日常接触最多的就是教务处系统的验证码了，比如如下的验证码：

识别办法

模拟登陆有着复杂的步骤，在这里咱们不管其他操作，只负责根据输入的一张验证码图片返回一个答案字符串。

我们知道验证码为了制作干扰，会把图片弄成五颜六色的样子，而我们首先就是要去除这些干扰，这一步就需要不断试验了，增强图片色彩，加大对比度等等都可以产生帮助。

在经过各种对图片的操作之后，终于找到了比较完美的去除干扰方案。可以看到在去除干扰之后，最优情况下，我们将得到一张十分纯净的黑白字符图片。一张图片上有四个字符，没办法一下子就把四个字符全部识别，需要把图片进行裁剪，裁剪成每张小图只有一个字符的样子，再对每张图片分别进行识别。

接下来就是识别文字了，我们首先把得到的小图转换成01表示的矩阵，每个矩阵代表一个字符。

比如数字六的矩阵

num_6=[
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,
0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,
0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,
0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,
0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
]

远远望过去，眯着眼睛还是能分辨出来的。

因为验证码十分规整，每个数字所在的位置都是固定的，所以并不需要涉及什么机器学习的算法，只是简单的进行一下矩阵的比对就可以了，在所有的实现做好的矩阵中找到相似度最高的矩阵就可以了，在这里的比对方法多种多样，反正数据简单能正确识别出来就好。

至此，咱们的验证码识别工作就结束了。

这次进行的验证码识别主要采用python的PIL进行图片操作，模拟登陆自动填写验证码的全部代码请看这里：

示例代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding( "utf-8" )
import re
import requests
import io
import os
import json
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageEnhance
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import mdata

class Student:
 def __init__(self, user,password):
 self.user = str(user)
 self.password = str(password)
 self.s = requests.Session()

 def login(self):
 url = "http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGON.APPPROCESS?mode=4"
 res = self.s.get(url).text
 imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/'+re.findall('<img src="(.+?)" width="55"',res)[0]
 im = Image.open(io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content))
 enhancer = ImageEnhance.Contrast(im)
 im = enhancer.enhance(7)
 x,y = im.size
 for i in range(y):
 for j in range(x):
 if (im.getpixel((j,i))!=(0,0,0)):
 im.putpixel((j,i),(255,255,255))
 num = [6,19,32,45]
 verifyCode = ""
 for i in range(4):
 a = im.crop((num[i],0,num[i]+13,20))
 l=[]
 x,y = a.size
 for i in range(y):
 for j in range(x):
 if (a.getpixel((j,i))==(0,0,0)):
 l.append(1)
 else:
 l.append(0)
 his=0
 chrr="";
 for i in mdata.data:
 r=0;
 for j in range(260):
 if(l[j]==mdata.data[i][j]):
 r+=1
 if(r>his):
 his=r
 chrr=i
 verifyCode+=chrr
 # print "辅助输入验证码完毕:",verifyCode
 data= {
 'WebUserNO':str(self.user),
 'Password':str(self.password),
 'Agnomen':verifyCode,
 }
 url = "http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGON.APPPROCESS?mode=4"
 t = self.s.post(url,data=data).text
 if re.findall("images/Logout2",t)==[]:
 l = '[0,"'+re.findall('alert((.+?));',t)[1][1][2:-2]+'"]'+" "+self.user+" "+self.password+"
"
 # print l
 # return '[0,"'+re.findall('alert((.+?));',t)[1][1][2:-2]+'"]'
 return [False,l]
 else:
 l = '登录成功 '+re.findall('! (.+?) ',t)[0]+" "+self.user+" "+self.password+"
"
 # print l
 return [True,l]

 def getInfo(self):
 imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONDSPUSERPHOTO.APPPROCESS'
 data = self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONQUERYBASESTUDENTINFO.APPPROCESS?mode＝3').text #学籍信息
 data = BeautifulSoup(data,"lxml")
 q = data.find_all("table",attrs={'align':"left"})
 a = []
 for i in q[0]:
 if type(i)==type(q[0]) :
 for j in i :
 if type(j) ==type(i):
 a.append(j.text)
 for i in q[1]:
 if type(i)==type(q[1]) :
 for j in i :
 if type(j) ==type(i):
 a.append(j.text)
 data = {}
 for i in range(1,len(a),2):
 data[a[i-1]]=a[i]
 # data['照片'] = io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content)
 return json.dumps(data)

 def getPic(self):
 imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONDSPUSERPHOTO.APPPROCESS'
 pic = Image.open(io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content))
 return pic

 def getScore(self):
 score = self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONQUERYSTUDENTSCORE.APPPROCESS').text #成绩单
 score = BeautifulSoup(score, "lxml")
 q = score.find_all(attrs={'height':"36"})[0]
 point = q.text
 print point[point.find('平均学分绩点'):]
 table = score.html.body.table
 people = table.find_all(attrs={'height' : '36'})[0].string
 r = table.find_all('table',attrs={'align' : 'left'})[0].find_all('tr')
 subject = []
 lesson = []
 for i in r[0]:
 if type(r[0])==type(i):
 subject.append(i.string)
 for i in r:
 k=0
 temp = {}
 for j in i:
 if type(r[0])==type(j):
 temp[subject[k]] = j.string
 k+=1
 lesson.append(temp)
 lesson.pop()
 lesson.pop(0)
 return json.dumps(lesson)

 def logoff(self):
 return self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGOUT.APPPROCESS').text

if __name__ == "__main__":
 a = Student(20150000,20150000)
 r = a.login()
 print r[1]
 if r[0]:
 r = json.loads(a.getScore())
 for i in r:
 for j in i:
 print i[j],
 print
 q = json.loads(a.getInfo())
 for i in q:
 print i,q[i]
 a.getPic().show()
 a.logoff()

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