使用爬虫抓取数据时，经常要用到多个ip代理，防止单个ip访问太过频繁被封禁。
ip代理可以从这个网站获取：http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/。
因此写一个python程序来获取ip代理，保存到本地。
python版本：3.6.3

#grab ip proxies from xicidaili
import sys, time, re, requests
from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool as ThreadPool
from lxml import etree

IP_POOL = 'ip_pool.py'
URL = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/' #IP代理 高匿
#URL = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wt/' #IP代理 http
RUN_TIME = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", time.localtime()) #执行时间

#用字典存放有效ip代理
alive_ip = {'http': [], 'https': []}
#多线程
pool = ThreadPool(20)

#返回html文本
def get_html(url):
 headers = {
 "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW; rv:55.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/55.0",
 "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
 "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
 "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
 "Referer": "https://www.xicidaili.com/",
 "Connection": "keep-alive",
 "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1"
 }
 r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
 r.encoding = 'utf-8'
 return r.text

#测试ip代理是否存活
def test_alive(proxy):
 global alive_ip
 proxies = {'http': proxy}
 try:
 r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies, timeout=3)
 if r.status_code == 200:
 if proxy.startswith('https'):
 alive_ip['https'].append(proxy)
 else:
 alive_ip['http'].append(proxy)
 except:
 print("%s无效!"%proxy)

#解析html文本，获取ip代理
def get_alive_ip_address():
 iplist = []
 html = get_html(URL)
 selector = etree.HTML(html)
 table = selector.xpath('//table[@id="ip_list"]')[0]
 lines = table.xpath('./tr')[1:]
 for line in lines:
 speed, connect_time = line.xpath('.//div/@title')
 data = line.xpath('./td')
 ip = data[1].xpath('./text()')[0]
 port = data[2].xpath('./text()')[0]
 anonymous = data[4].xpath('./text()')[0]
 ip_type = data[5].xpath('./text()')[0]
 #过滤掉速度慢和非高匿的ip代理
 if float(speed[:-1])>1 or float(connect_time[:-1])>1 or anonymous != '高匿':
 continue
 iplist.append(ip_type.lower() + '://' + ip + ':' + port)
 pool.map(test_alive, iplist)

#把抓取到的有效ip代理写入到本地
def write_txt(output_file):
 with open(output_file, 'w') as f:
 f.write('#create time: %s

' % RUN_TIME)
 f.write('http_ip_pool = \
')
 f.write(str(alive_ip['http']).replace(',', ',
'))
 f.write('

')
 with open(output_file, 'a') as f:
 f.write('https_ip_pool = \
')
 f.write(str(alive_ip['https']).replace(',', ',
'))
 print('write successful: %s' % output_file)

def main():
 get_alive_ip_address()
 write_txt(output_file)

if __name__ == '__main__':
 try:
 output_file = sys.argv[1] #第一个参数作为文件名
 except:
 output_file = IP_POOL
 main()

运行程序：

root@c:test$ python get_ip_proxies.pywrite successful: ip_pool.py

查看文件：

root@c:test$ vim ip_pool.py

#create time: 2019-03-14 19:53

http_ip_pool = 
['http://183.148.152.1:9999',
 'http://112.85.165.234:9999',
 'http://112.87.69.162:9999',
 'http://111.77.197.10:9999',
 'http://113..94.80:8118',
 'http://61.184.109.33:61320',
 'http://125.126.204.82:9999',
 'http://125.126.218.8:9999',
 'http://36.26.224.56:9999',
 'http://123.162.168.192:40274',
 'http://116.209.54.125:9999',
 'http://183.148.148.211:9999',
 'http://111.177.161.111:9999',
 'http://116.209.58.245:9999',
 'http://183.148.143.38:9999',
 'http://116.209.55.218:9999',
 'http://114.239.250.15:9999',
 'http://116.209.54.109:9999',
 'http://125.123.143.98:9999',
 'http://183.6.130.6:8118',
 'http://183.148.143.166:9999',
 'http://125.126.203.228:9999',
 'http://111.79.198.74:9999',
 'http://116.209.53.215:9999',
 'http://112.87.69.124:9999',
 'http://112.80.198.13:8123',
 'http://182.88.160.16:8123',
 'http://116.209.56.24:9999',
 'http://112.85.131.25:9999',
 'http://116.209.52.234:9999',
 'http://175.165.128.223:1133',
 'http://122.4.47.199:8010',
 'http://112.85.170.204:9999',
 'http://49.86.178.206:9999',
 'http://125.126.215.187:9999']

https_ip_pool = 
['https://183.148.156.98:9999',
 'https://111.79.199.167:808',
 'https://61.142.72.150:394',
 'https://119.254.94.71:42788',
 'https://221.218.102.146:33323',
 'https://122.193.246.29:9999',
 'https://183.148.139.173:9999',
 'https://60.184.194.157:3128',
 'https://118..138.129:52699',
 'https://112.87.71.67:9999',
 'https://58.56.108.226:43296',
 'https://182.207.232.135:50465',
 'https://111.177.186.32:9999',
 'https://58.210.133.98:32741',
 'https://115.221.116.71:9999',
 'https://183.148.140.191:9999',
 'https://183.148.130.143:9999',
 'https://116.209.54.84:9999',
 'https://125.126.219.125:9999',
 'https://112.85.167.158:9999',
 'https://112.85.173.76:9999',
 'https://60.173.244.133:41306',
 'https://183.148.147.223:9999',
 'https://116.209.53.68:9999',
 'https://111.79.198.102:9999',
 'https://123.188.5.11:1133',
 'https://60.190.66.131:56882',
 'https://112.85.168.140:9999',
 'https://110.250.65.108:8118',
 'https://221.208.39.160:8118',
 'https://116.209.53.77:9999',
 'https://116.209.58.29:9999',
 'https://183.148.141.129:9999',
 'https://124..33.59:53281',
 'https://116.209.57.149:9999',
 'https://58.62.238.150:32431',
 'https://218.76.253.201:61408']

之后就可以直接使用了

from ip_pool import http_ip_pool, https_ip_pool